福建省泉州市高考英語 文章突破一輪訓(xùn)練（10）.docVIP

泉州市2014高考英語文章突破一輪訓(xùn)練（10）及答案閱讀理解、專題訓(xùn)練(*)、議論文的閱讀(*) 方法點(diǎn)撥議論文通常用來討論一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象，其內(nèi)容主要由三部分組成：論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)與結(jié)論。論點(diǎn)就是作者要論述的觀點(diǎn)，是文章的主旨；而論據(jù)是用來證明論點(diǎn)的材料，也就是支撐論點(diǎn)的理由和事實(shí)。它可以是事例，理論，數(shù)據(jù)等等，結(jié)論則是論證后所得出的總結(jié)性觀點(diǎn)。寫作方法通常是：提出論點(diǎn)，分析或舉例論證，得出結(jié)論。閱讀議論文的方法：讀者應(yīng)該先搞清楚其結(jié)構(gòu)。首先通過尋找短文的主題句來確定文章的主題，也就是論點(diǎn)。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾(含在開頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句)。因此仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。在瀏覽時(shí)，一般不需逐句瀏覽，只需選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主題句或者說“文眼”出現(xiàn)在文章的最后，此類文章往往以列舉事實(shí)開頭，通過論證，最后闡述核心觀點(diǎn)，或者引用某個(gè)人的話印證自己的觀點(diǎn)，以此歸納文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主論點(diǎn)后，還需進(jìn)一步找出每段落的分論點(diǎn)，以免分論點(diǎn)與主論點(diǎn)混淆。 活學(xué)活用閱讀下列文章，按要求完成讀寫任務(wù)its natural that children are curious about the world around them.for example，they want to know how their hearts beat.they want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.as children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.when they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the animals，and the sky.later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.and when they are adults，their curiosity continues.sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.those who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.a third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.these scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.for example，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.they say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixtyfive or seventyfive times a minute.your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.the blood carries oxygen and nutrition.when you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.the muscles need oxygen，too.so your brain sends a signal to the heart.the signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.it may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.of course，scientists cannot answer all of our questions.if we ask，“why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.when a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.rain falls into the cracks.the rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.the rivers carry the salt into the oceans.but when then we ask “what happens to the salt in the ocean？the ocean does not get saltier every year.” scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.we know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we dont have and we are curious.根據(jù)短文，寫一篇30詞左右的摘要_.根據(jù)所讀短文，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)1according to the passage，which of the following statements is true？_.apeople are curious in the same way.bpeople in different countries are interested in different things.cmen and women are curious about different things.dpeople of different ages are interested in different things.2scientists who work with the biological sciences study_.athe earth，the oceans and the skybmanmade thingscplants and animalsdocean water3when you run，your muscles need _.amore nutrition and oxygenbmore signalscmore saltdwater4people are always curious because_.athey cannot explain many thingsbthey know nothing about the worldcthey know little about the worlddthey want to be scientists5the passage mainly shows us that _.ascientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around thembwhat the people are curious aboutceveryone has curiosity which makes the science develop quicklydsometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questions參考答案this passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.1解析：根據(jù)第二段可知。答案：d2解析：根據(jù)第三段“other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”答案：c3解析：根據(jù)第四段“the blood carries oxygen and nutrition.when you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.the muscles need oxygen.the signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.”答案：a4解析：推理題，正因?yàn)椴荒芙忉?，才?huì)產(chǎn)生好奇。答案：a5解析：中心概括題。本文通過事例論述人們對(duì)事物的好奇推進(jìn)科學(xué)的發(fā)展。答案：c*結(jié)束（山西大同學(xué)情調(diào)研）when i first entered university，my aunt，who is an english professor，gave me a new english dictionary.i was _1_ to see that it was an englishenglish dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary._2_ it was a dictionary intended for nonnative learners，none of my classmates had one _3_，to be honest，i found it extremely _4_ to use at first.i would look up words in the dictionary and _5_ not fully understand the meanings.i was used to the _6_ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are _7_ both in english and chinese.i really wondered why my aunt _8_ to make things so difficult for me.now，after studying english at university for three years，i _9_ that monolingual dictionaries are _10_ in learning a foreign language.as i found out，there is，_11_，often no perfect equivalence（對(duì)應(yīng)）between two _12_in two languages.my aunt even goes so far as to _13_ that a chinese “equivalent” can never give you the _14_ meaning of a word in english！_15_，she insisted that i read the definition（定義）of a word in a monolingual dictionary _16_ i wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning._17_ i have come to see what she meant.using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.this dictionary uses a（n）_18_ number of words，around 2,000，in its definitions.when i read these definitions，i am _19_ exposed to（接觸）the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas._20_ this，i can express myself more easily in english.1aworried bsad csurprised dnervous2abecause balthough cunless dif3abut bso cor dand4adifficult binteresting cambiguous dpractical5athus beven cstill dagain6anew bfamiliar cearlier dordinary7aexplained bexpressed cdescribed dcreated8aoffered bagreed cdecided dhappened9aimagine brecommend cpredict dunderstand10anatural bbetter ceasier dconvenient11aat best bin fact cat times din case12awords bnames cideas dcharacters13ahope bdeclare cdoubt dtell14aexact bbasic ctranslated dexpected15arather bhowever ctherefore dinstead16awhen bbefore cuntil dwhile17alargely bgenerally cgradually dprobably18aextra baverage ctotal dlimited19arepeatedly bnearly cimmediately danxiously20aaccording to bin relation to cin addition to dbecause of1c從下文可知，學(xué)生一般都用雙解詞典，而一進(jìn)入大學(xué)，姑媽就給作者一本英英詞典，因此感到驚訝。2b盡管這本詞典是為非本族語學(xué)習(xí)者編寫的一本詞典，但是作者的同學(xué)沒有一個(gè)擁有這樣的詞典。根據(jù)句意可知b項(xiàng)正確。3d從下文可知，此處兩個(gè)分句之間存在承接關(guān)系，因此用and，答案為d項(xiàng)。4adifficult “難的”；interesting “有趣的”；ambiguous “不明確的，模棱兩可的”；practical“實(shí)用的”。由上下文可知，作者開始用英英詞典的時(shí)候還是感到困難的，所以a項(xiàng)正確。5cthus“如此，這樣”；even“甚至”；still“仍然，還”；again“再，又”。根據(jù)句意可知選c項(xiàng)。6b根據(jù)句意，作者習(xí)慣使用雙解詞典。familiar“熟知的，熟悉的”。7a雙解詞典中的單詞用兩種語言解釋，所以答案為a項(xiàng)。8coffer to do sth.“自愿做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；decide to do sth.“決定做某事”；happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。因?yàn)殡p解詞典比較容易，而用英英詞典則比較困難，所以作者不知道姑媽為什么決定要這樣做。故c項(xiàng)正確。9d在大學(xué)學(xué)了三年的英語后，作者知道了英英詞典的好處。imagine “想象”；recommend “建議，推薦”；predict “預(yù)言”；understand “理解”。根據(jù)句意可知d項(xiàng)正確。10b從下文可知，作者現(xiàn)在認(rèn)識(shí)到英英詞典比雙解詞典好，所以b項(xiàng)正確。11b像作者發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，在兩種語言中，兩個(gè)單詞的含義實(shí)際上沒有絕對(duì)的對(duì)應(yīng)。at best“最好，至多，充其量”；in fact“事實(shí)上”；at times “有時(shí)”；in case “萬一”。根據(jù)句意選b項(xiàng)。12a此處表示兩種語言中的單詞意義不能完全匹配，所以用words。13b姑媽宣稱說漢語翻譯永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)給出一個(gè)英語單詞的確切意義。hope “希望”；declare“宣布，宣稱”后可直接接賓語從句；doubt “懷疑”，與句意不符；tell要接雙賓語。綜上所述可知b項(xiàng)正確。14aa項(xiàng)“確切的”；b項(xiàng)“基礎(chǔ)的”；c項(xiàng)“被翻譯的”；d項(xiàng)“期望的”。根據(jù)上一題解析可知a項(xiàng)正確。15c上下文之間為因果關(guān)系，所以選c項(xiàng)。therefore“因此，所以”。16a姑媽堅(jiān)持主張：想更好地理解單詞的含義時(shí)，還是要看英英詞典上的定義。when“當(dāng)時(shí)”，可以是“點(diǎn)”的時(shí)間，也可以是“段”的時(shí)間，此處表示“點(diǎn)”的時(shí)間，而while通常用來表示“段”的時(shí)間。17c三年中通過使用英英詞典作者逐漸明白了姑媽當(dāng)初的意圖。此處gradually表示一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程。18d由下文的2000個(gè)單詞可知，這本英英詞典的詞匯是有限的。19a因?yàn)楸驹~典詞匯量有限，所以這些基本單詞會(huì)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。a項(xiàng)正確。20da項(xiàng)“根據(jù)，依據(jù)”；b項(xiàng)“與有關(guān)”；c項(xiàng)“除之外”；d項(xiàng)“因?yàn)?，由于”。因?yàn)樽髡呤褂糜⒂⒃~典，因此可以容易地用英語自我表達(dá)。*結(jié)束dear editor,mary is my best friend and she is a very good-hearted girl. shes always the first to help out others. but her habits make me mad sometimes and she just wont change her ways. for most situations, thats just fine with me, as i know its what makes her who she is. however, sometimes its just so hard for me to bear her behavior. she has recently got a cellphone, but she often borrows mine to make calls. my phone has a chain with it. she always tries to open it like her own phone. i usually open it for it, but not always, as sometimes im driving my car, so she needs to get it out of my purse and open it herself. this weekend, we were at a party in a faraway village. she borrowed my cellphone. as it was cold outside, i let her take it outside without opening it. now its broken because she didnt open it properly. i wouldnt be so mad, but over the weekend she also borrowed my car and never offered to pay for the gas, which made me very angry. she should have offered to pay for the gas. as i have mentioned, shes the type to help out others when and where she can. perhaps because of that, she thinks others should also do the same for her. something i just think she is very childish. i dont want to hurt her, but i do want to let her know that not everyone can accept that. what should i do to let her