商務(wù)寫(xiě)作小論文.doc

外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 2012-2013學(xué)年度 第二學(xué)期 期末考查 經(jīng)貿(mào)寫(xiě)作（2） 10（3、4、5） 2013.6 命題人:樊林Final Paper on Business Writing （2）for Class (3、4、5) , Grade 10 Criteria and Skills of Business Contract Translation外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 105班 10133324 葉玲1. IntroductionAs the development of the globalization, China has become the world factory and we can find “made in China” nearly in every corner of the world. Whats more, the import and export trade of our country is growing steadily year by year. As we all know, almost every transaction of international trade is carried out by entering into a contract. So how to handle business contract is quite important in that it keeps international trade in order and guarantees it going on smoothly. However, it is not easy to be a proficient drafter or translator of business English contract. Only a small mistake would give rise to international dispute and even cause great financial loss. This text put emphasis on the criteria and skills of translation in business English contract.2. Criteria of translation in business English contractTraditional Chinese translation theories are featured by Yan Fus(嚴(yán)復(fù)) three character normfaithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, which was advanced more than a century ago and has a far-reaching influence on Chinese translation. Therefore, we might as well explore a feasible criterion for international business contract translation without divorcing ourselves from the traditional translation theory. When we are translating the business English contract, the following criteria should be taken into consideration.2.1 Faithfulness & AccuracyThe increasing specialization on the terms, clauses, textual structure of international business English contract, requires us to put the “faithfulness” as the primary principle to follow when translating the business English contract. This criterion requires us first to have a complete understanding of the text of business English contract, and then try our best to express the meaning of the original text faithfully with accurate words.2.2 Compactness & CompletenessWe must pay great attention to the completeness of the translation. We cannot forget to translate any important points, and cannot bypass the difficult points of translation. When translating these difficult points, what we should do is, ask others for help, and have a deep study, then try our best to let the text be translated fully to express the original text. When we translate the long sentences, we have to divide them into many short sentences, at this time; we must make sure that each subordinate clause is being translated.2.3 Normativeness & SmoothnessNormativeness means the structure, terms and statements of the translation should conform to the program of the contract documents and the prescriptive requirements. A complete business contract will include dozens of items and clearly point out the rights and obligations of both buyers and sellers. But in terms of the overall structure of the contract, after a long period of practice and inspection, has been relatively fixed. Either Chinese or English text of the contract can be divided into title, preamble, the body and the end. In the body, the individual provisions are also tending to be fixed. Therefore, when translate the business English contract; we firstly should follow its conventional, standardized format and specification statement mode.3. Skills of translation in business English contractAccording to the criteria of translation in business English contract, we should take some useful skills to make our translation of the contract more formal. We should choose accurate words, make the translation well-structured and make the discourse smooth. Only in this way can we produce a good version of the business Chinese contract.3.1 The translation of words3.1.1TerminologyThe business English contract will involve a lot of technical terms, both of whom has a single definite meaning in the contract. We cannot use their common and usual meanings in translation. For example, ”collection”, “confirm”, “acceptance”, “tolerance”, “more and less”, these words are usually translated as“收集”，“確認(rèn)”，“接受”，“承受”，“大約”. But when they were used in the business contract, their meanings are “托收”，“保兌”，“承兌”，“公差”，“溢短裝”. For example:Partial shipment is allowed. This is something about specification on shipment. If we translate “partial shipment” into “部分裝運(yùn)”, it may cause a lot of disputes and even financial losses. In fact, the correct translation is: “ 允許分批裝運(yùn)”. That is to say, the seller could dispatch the goods for several times, not dispatch only part of the goods. 3.1.2 Abbreviations Business English contracts often use abbreviations, such as FOB, W.A, D/A, D/, P and so on, as well as professional words, abbreviations have clear and definite meaning, so the translation must express them completely and accurately. For example:US.500 per metric ton CIFC2% Ningbo. In this sentence, CIFC2% is an abbreviation, it means “CIF including 2%commission”. So the translation is : 寧波港全額到岸價(jià)每噸500美元，含2%傭金。3.1.3 Archaic wordsAs the Archaic Words are rarely used in common English, it is not easy to translate these words for the beginners of the business English contract, so we talk about the translation of these words. For example: Whereas=considering that, in Chinese, 鑒于，就而論Hereunder=under this, in Chinese, 在其下，依照Hereby=by means of , by reason of this ,in Chinese ，特此，因此Therein =in that, in that particular, in that respect, in Chinese，在那里，在那點(diǎn)上，在那方面“The Employer hereby convents to pay the contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the works and the remedying of defects payable under the provisions of the contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the contract.”業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)， 按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià)， 或合同規(guī)定的其他應(yīng)該支付的款項(xiàng)，以作為本工程施工，竣工以及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。3.2 Translation of long sentenceMost English sentences are long in nature, while most Chinese sentences are short in nature. There are two main methods to translate a long sentence. First divide a long sentence into two or more meaningful groups and identify the main clause and the subordinate clause, and then translate them into Chinese. In most cases, it is necessary for translators to rearrange the sentential order or structure in translation. For example:“Notice of particulars of shipments should be sent to buyer at such time and by such means so that the said notice should be received by buyer within 7 days after shipment.”賣方需及時(shí)以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞綄⒀b運(yùn)詳情通知買方， 以使買方在裝運(yùn)后七天內(nèi)收到該裝船通知。We can divide this sentence into two parts from “so that”，so as to make the trans