初中英語時(shí)態(tài)講義及練習(xí).doc

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 形式：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由助動詞be+現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞原形+ing）構(gòu)成的拼寫：A 動詞以單一的e字母結(jié)尾時(shí)，去掉e再加ing：argue，arguing hate，hating love，loving age，dye，和singe除外：ageing dyeing singeing動詞以ee結(jié)尾時(shí)，直接加ing：agree，agreeing see，seeingB 單音節(jié)動詞中只有一個元音字母并以單一輔音字母結(jié)尾時(shí)，則先雙寫該輔音字母再加ing：hit，hitting run，running stop，stopping兩個或兩個以上音節(jié)的動詞，如果它的最后一個音節(jié)只含有一個元音字母而又以單一輔音字母結(jié)尾，重音又落在這個音節(jié)上，就要雙寫該輔音字母，然后加ing：admit，admitting begin，beginning prefer，preferring但是：budget，budgeting enter，entering（重音不在最后音節(jié)上）單一元音字母后的結(jié)尾字母l總要雙寫：signal，signalling travel，travelling在美國英語中，這種情況下l不雙寫。C 以y結(jié)尾的動詞可以直接加ing，該詞的拼寫不受任何影響：carry，carrying enjoy，enjoying hurry，hurrying一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 形式：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定式與不定式的形式相同，但第三人稱單數(shù)要加s?？s略形式：動詞do在否定式和否定疑問式中通常用縮略形式：I dont workHe doesnt workDont I work？Doesnt he work？拼寫注意事項(xiàng)：以ss，sh，ch，x和o結(jié)尾的動詞，在構(gòu)成第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要加es：I kiss， he kisses I box，he boxes I rush， he rushes I do，he does I watch， he watches I go， he goes 以字母y結(jié)尾的動詞，y前為輔音字母時(shí)，要把y變?yōu)閕再加es：I carry， he carries I copy，he copies I try，he tries 以字母y結(jié)尾的動詞，y前為元音字母時(shí)，按照通常規(guī)則變化：I obey， he obeys I say， he says用來表示習(xí)慣性動作A用來表示習(xí)慣動作：He smokes他抽煙。Dogs bark狗（會）叫。Cats drink milk貓喝牛奶。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)并不告訴我們說話時(shí)動作是否在進(jìn)行，如果要明確這一點(diǎn)，就必須加一個動詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：Hes workingHe always works at night他在工作。他常常在晚上工作。My dog barks a lot，but he isnt barking at the moment我的狗老愛叫，但此刻沒叫。B一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常常和某些副詞或副詞短語連用，諸如always， never，occasionally，often，sometimes，usually， every week，on Mondays，twice a year等：How often do you wash your hair？你多長時(shí)間洗一次頭發(fā)？I go to church on Sundays我星期天去教堂做禮拜。It rains in winter冬天常下雨。或與表示慣例或習(xí)慣性動作的時(shí)間從句連用。whenever和when（=whenever）特別有用：Whenever it rains the roof leaks只要下雨屋頂就漏水。When you open the door a light goes on只要你打開門，燈就亮了。一般過去時(shí)形式A規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動詞原形后加 ed 構(gòu)成的.動詞原形：work過去式：worked以e結(jié)尾的動詞只加d. 動詞原形：love過去式： loved對所有人稱，均無詞形變化：I worked you worked he worked等規(guī)則和不規(guī)則動詞的否定式均由 did notdidn t動詞原形構(gòu)成：I did notdidnt work you did notdidnt work等疑問式則均由 did主語動詞原形構(gòu)成：did I work？ did you work？等否定疑問式：did you notdidnt you work？等B拼寫注意事項(xiàng)加ing時(shí)最后一個輔音字母雙寫的規(guī)則也適用于加ed的場合：admit，admitted stop， stopped travel，travelled 以y結(jié)尾的動詞，y前為輔音字母時(shí)，在加ed之前要把y變?yōu)閕：carry， carried try， tried 但y前面是元音字母時(shí)則不變：obey， obeyed-ed詞尾有 3種讀音。在清輔音后讀作t，以t或d結(jié)尾的詞，-ed讀作id，在其他情況下，ed讀作d。不規(guī)則動詞表：be（am，are，is）was were ；beat- beat -beaten ；become - became - becomebegin began-begun ；bend-bent，bended-bent，bended；bite -bit - bitten，bit；break broke-broken，broke（形容詞）；bring - brought brought；buildbuilt-builtbuy- bought bought；castcastcast；catch- caught caught；choose - chose -chosencome-came come；cost - cost cost；cutcutcut；do-did done；draw drew-drawndrink-drank -drunk，drunken（形容詞）；drivedrovedriven；fall fellfallen；feed -fed fed；feel feltfelt；fight - fought fought；findfoundfound；fly-flew -flown forget forgotforgotten；freezefrozefrozen；getgot- got，gotten（美）；give-gave -givengowentgone；grow-grew grown；have,hashadhad；hear-heard -heardhithithit；holdheldheld；hurt- hurt hurt；keep - kept kept；knowknew-knownlay - laid laid；lead ledled；learn-learnt（英），learned-learnt（英），learnedleaveleftleft；lendlentlent；letletlet；lie-lay lain；lose-lost - lostmakemademade；mean-meant meant；meet- met - met ；pay- paid paid；put - put -putread ri:d- readred- readred；rideroderidden；ring-rang，rung-rungrise-rose risen；run-ran run；say - said said；seesawsee；sell -sold -soldsendsentsent；set-set set；shootshotshot；sing -sang，sung sung；sit-sat -satsleepsleptslept；speak- spoke，spake spoken；spell-spelt（英）spelled-spelt（英），spelledspend - spent spent；spread -spread spread；stand stoodstood；stealstole- stolenswim- swam swum；take -took taken；teach taughttaught；tell- told -toldthink- thought thought；throw - threw thrown； wear-wore worn；win- won - wonwrite - wrote -writtenDid you enjoy it？過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 形式：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)是由動詞be的過去式現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí) A形式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由have的現(xiàn)在式過去分詞構(gòu)成；否定式由助動詞后加not構(gòu)成；疑問式由倒裝了的助動詞與主語構(gòu)成。與just連用表示剛完成的動作：He has just gone out他剛出去。相當(dāng)于：He went out a few minutes ago他在幾分鐘前出去了。這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的一種特殊用法。just必須位于助動詞與主要動詞之間。這種搭配主要用于肯定式，也可用于疑問式：Has he just gone out？他剛剛出去嗎？just一般不用于否定式。與for和since連用A for與表示一段時(shí)間的短語連用：for six days六天for a long time很久for與一般過去時(shí)連用，表示一段終結(jié)了的時(shí)間：We lived there for ten years我們在那里住過十年。（但我們現(xiàn)在不住那里了）for與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間：We have lived in London for ten years我們在倫敦已經(jīng)住了十年。（并且還住在那里）for有時(shí)可以省略，特別是在be，live和wait之后：Weve been here an hourtwo days我們在這里已經(jīng)呆了一小時(shí)兩天了。表示時(shí)間的for不能用于以all開頭的短語的前面：Theyve worked all night他們整整干了一晚上。 since與某一時(shí)刻連用，表示從那一時(shí)刻到說話時(shí)為止。She has been here since six oclock從6點(diǎn)鐘起她一直在這里。（并且現(xiàn)在還在這里）Weve been friends since our schooldays從上學(xué)的時(shí)候起我們就是好朋友了。 since從句也可表示相同的意思：Ive worked here since I left school離開學(xué)校后我就一直在這里工作。ever since作副詞用：He had a bad fall last year and has been off work ever since他去年摔傷了，從那以后就沒工作過。it is一段時(shí)間since一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It is three years since I（last）saw Bill自從我（上次）和比爾見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三年了。It is three years since I have seen Bill自我和比爾那次見面以來已經(jīng)有三年了。I last saw Bill three years ago我最后一次見到比爾是在三年以前。I havent seen Bill for three years我已經(jīng)有三年沒見到過比爾了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：這種時(shí)態(tài)由動詞be的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：肯定式：I have been working，he has been working等否定式：I have nothavent been working等疑問式：have I been working？等否定疑問式：have I nothavent I been working？等用法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個過去開始、現(xiàn)仍在繼續(xù)中的動作，或一個過去開始、現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束的動作：Ive been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up我等了一小時(shí)了，可他還沒來。Im so sorry Im lateHave you been waiting long？真對不起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎？過去完成時(shí) A 形式：過去完成時(shí)由had過去分詞構(gòu)成，因此無人稱變化：肯定式：I hadId worked等否定式：I had nothadnt worked等疑問式：had I worked？等否定疑問式：had I nothadnt I worked？等一般將來時(shí)形式：現(xiàn)代英語中嚴(yán)格說沒有將來時(shí)態(tài)，但為了方便常把willshall+不帶to的不定式稱為一般將來時(shí)。第一人稱will和shall：will專用來表示意圖：I will wait for you相當(dāng)于：I intend to wait for you我會等你。在不存在任何意圖的場合用shall，即shall用于不牽涉到主語愿望的動作：I shall be 25 next week下星期我就25歲了。We shall know the result next week下周我們就會知道結(jié)果了。I shall see Tom tomorrow明天我會見到湯姆的。（也許我們坐同一列火車上班。）現(xiàn)在，shall的以上用法在較正式的英語中仍可見到，但在口語中已不再常見了。相反，通常用will：I will be 25 next week下星期我25歲了。Well know the result tomorrow明天我們就會知道結(jié)果了。但是，有時(shí)will可能改變句子的意思。如果在 I shall see Tom tomorrow這個句子中用 will代替 shall，就會變成 I will see Tom tomorrow。這個句子可能表示明天我要見湯姆的意圖。為避免這種模棱兩可的情況就用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：Ill be seeing Tom tomorrow明天我會見湯姆。然而，shall在疑問句中仍可使用。shall常用在lets后面的附加疑問中：Lets go，shall we？咱們走，好嗎？用于建議：Shall we take a taxi？我們乘出租汽車，好嗎？用于請求對方下命令或作指示：What shall I do with your mail？我應(yīng)該怎么處理您的信件？用于推測：Where shall we be this time next year？明年的這個時(shí)候我們會在什么地方？（雖然這里也可以用will。）一般將來時(shí)的用法A 表示說話人對于將來的看法、假定和推測的句子中常由動詞befeel sure，believe，expect，hope，know， think等來引導(dǎo)或與副詞perhaps，possibly，probably，surely等連用，但也可以不用這些副詞：（Im sure）hell come back（我肯定）他會回來。（I suppose）theyll sell the house（我想）他們要賣房子。（Perhaps）well find him at the hotel（也許）我們會在旅館里找到他。Theyll（probably）wait for us他們（很可能）要等我們。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)A 形式：這種時(shí)態(tài)由be的將來時(shí)形式+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。如主語為第一人稱，除在疑問句外will要比shall更常用。將來完成時(shí)形式：willshall+完成式用于第一人稱，will+完成式用于其他人稱。用法：它常與表示時(shí)間的短語連用，而后者常以by開頭：by then到那時(shí)by that time到那時(shí)by the 24th到 24號那天By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years到下月底，他在這兒就夠十年了。 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：willshall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱，而 will have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱。用法：正如將來完成時(shí)一樣，它通常與一個以by開頭的時(shí)間短語連用：By the end of this year hell have been acting for thirty years到今年年底他當(dāng)演員就滿30年了。用動詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)填空：(1) _ Lucy _ apples ? （like） (2) Mary often _ to school . （walk） (3) We sometimes _ football after school . （play） (4) My parents _ a car . （not have） (5) _ you _ the answer to the question ? （know）用動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)填空： (1) You cant see them . They _ model ships now. （not make） (2) _ Mary _ an Chinese song now ? （sing） (3) Jacks sister _ TV now . （not watch） (4) Dont go out . It _ hard now . （rain） (5) Some students _ in the classroom. （read） (6) _ the students _ the museum now ? （visit） (7) Dont make any noise. They _ a meeting . （have）用動詞一般過去時(shí)填空： (1) Tom _ TV last night . （not watch） (2) Jack _ late for school yesterday. （be） (3) _ you ill last week? （be） (4) _ Lucy _ a good time yesterday ? （have） (5) We _ shopping last Saturday. （go）選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空：(1) “_ I speak to Jake? ”“Speaking !” (2) Dont be late again . You _ be here on time. (3) You cant park your car here . You _ park it in the car-park . (4) You _ play on the street , its dangerous . (5) You _ talk to friends by telephone .用how或what填空： (1) _ heavy the traffic is ! (2) _ a nice , kind boy! (3) _ bad the weather is today ! (4) _ lovely babies ! (5) _ bad weather ! (6) _ busy they are ! (7) _ a traffic jam ! (8) _ beautiful Shanghai is ! 用a / an填空：(1) _ interesting story-book(2) _ nice old woman (3) _ American girl(4) _ u(5) _ song(6) _ useful tool (7) _ h (8) _ envelope(9) _ English teacher (10) _ hour人稱代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換： (1) A friend of _ will come to visit her this evening. （she） (2) Are these your pens ? They arent _ . （I） (3) Would you please give _ the pencil? （he） (4) Is this _ book ? （you） (5) _ had an English party last Sunday. （we） (6) They enjoyed _ very much at the party. （they）將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式: (1) The _ are playing football. （boy） (2) We are _ , we live in China. （Chinese） (3) These are Lucys _ . （box） (4) How many _ are there in the village? （woman） (5) One of the _ is a Young Pioneer. （girl）(6) I have two （leg） _ and _ . （foot）二. 選擇填空：（ ）1. “_ you skate ?”“Sorry , I cant .” A. CanB. MustC. May（ ）2. “Must I finish my homework at school ?” “No , you _ .” A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt（ ）3. Please be quiet. You _ talk loudly in the hospital. A. mustnt B. needntC. must（ ）4. “_ _ you like some tea?” “Yes , please .” A. Would B. Will C. Do（ ）5. “Can you answer this question ?” “No , I _ .” A. may not B. neednt C. cant（ ）6. “_ I use your pencil ?” “Certainly , here you are .” A. MustB.MayC. Shall（ ）7. Please give the schoolbag _ Jack . A. toB. withC. /（ ）8. Please give _ the schoolbag. A. hisB. himC. he（ ）9. The girls enjoyed _ at the party . A. ourselvesB. themselvesC. myself（ ）10. We should keep ourselves _ . A. strong and healthB. strong and healthyC. strongly and healthy（ ）11. The story are _ and were _ in them . A. interested ; interesting B. interesting ; interested C. interested , interested（ ）12. You should _ your car here, you shouldnt _ it by the road side . A. park ; leave B. parking , leaving C. to park , to leave（ ）13. Doing eye exercises is _ for your eyes . A. goodB. badC. not good（ ）14. _ does it last ? For half an hour . A. How oftenB. HowC. How long（ ）15. _ nice my house is !A. WhatB. HowC. What a（ ）16. _ warm day it is today ! A. WhatB. What aC. How a（ ）17. _ happily the boys are playing ! A. HowB. WhatC. How a（ ）18. _ I come to school at six ? No , you neednt . A. CanB. MustC. Do（ ）19. _ delicious cake it is ! A. How a B. What aC. What（ ）20. Lets _ a rest and _ some water . A. take , drinkB. take , to drinkC. to take, to drink（ ）21. _ New Years eve , we shall have a party . A. InB. OnC. At（ ）23. The Christmas tree is standing _ the corner of the room .A. atB. inC. on（ ）24. Tom likes to make _ with different _ . A. friends , people B. friend , peopleC. friends , peoples（ ）25. _ do you visit your hometown ? Once a year . A. How longB. How soonC. How often（ ）26. What kind of person is Mr. Green? Hes _ . A. quiet and kind B. quietly and kindC. quiet and kindly（ ）28. Therere all _ of books in the library. A. kindsB. kindC. sort（ ）29. Its very dark in the room , please _ the lights . A. turn offB. putC. turn on（ ）30. Look ! The buses and cars are busy _ . A. come and goB. came and wentC. coming and going（ ）31. Be careful when you _ the busy road . A. crossB. acrossC.run cross（ ）32. Youd better _ bus to get there . A. byB. to take the C. take the（ ）33. When does then train _ Beijing ? A. leave toB. leave for C. leave on（ ）34. Therere many ways of _ around the town . A. travelingB. travelsC. travel（ ）35. Jim decided _ a trip with Lucy. A. to makeB. makingC. makes（ ）36. Whatre you going to do _ holiday ? A. for B. toC. on（ ）37. Which subject should I talk _ ?How about sports? A.toB.withC. about（ ）38. Jack promises _ fishing with us .A. to goB. go C. going（ ）39. Tom asked _ his name , but he didnt tell him .A. toB. withC. for（ ）40. Would you please _ the postcard into the letter-box ?A. sendB.postC. drop（ ）41. If you _ hard , you _ the English exam . A. work , passB. work , passC. work , will pass（ ）42. When I walked _ the library, I saw it happen . A. pastB. passC. passed（ ）43. Does Lily know _ the word ? A. to how spellB. how spellC. how to spell（ ）44. _ took them thirty minutes to walk there . A. TheyB. ThatC. It（ ）45. Cindy _ one hundred Yuan _ the shoes . A. spent ; onB. spent ; forC. took ; for（ ）46. Why _ wait for them ? Theyre coming in a minute . A. notB. dontC. you dont（ ）47. The people over there _ a meeting now . A. havingB. are havingC. is having（ ）48. Which subject do you like _ , English or art ? A. betterB. wellC. very much（ ）49. Tom learns Chinese very _ . A. goodB. niceC. well（ ）50. I dont feel very _ today . A. goodB. betterC. well（ ）51. I havent seen you _ two months. A. sinceB. forC. when（ ）52. What is the postage _ the letter _ U.S.A.? A. for , forB. for , toC. to , for（ ）53. Jims mother _ the money _ Jim and told him to buy some books. A. gave , /B. gave , withC. gave , to（ ）54. Help _ to some more apples, girls ! A. yourselfB. yourselvesC. themselves（ ）55. Tom enjoyed _ a lot , he read a lot of famous books. A. readsB. readC. reading（ ）56. Are you ready _ the English exam? A. to B. to haveC. having（ ）57. _ the door when you leave . A. Do closeB. ClosesC. Closing（ ）58. Jack is a kind-hearted boy, he often _ me _ my lessons . A. helps , withB. help , to doC. helps , and（ ）59. The policeman told the children _ carefully when they cross the road . A. to lookB. lookC. not look（ ）60. The Browns _ send the letters to their friends. A. wantB. want notC. want to現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)一.按要求改寫句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_二.對“is playing basketball”提問：_對“The boy”提問：_2. They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對“are singing”提問：_對“in the classroom”提問：_3. 仿照例句造句: Model: read a book -What are you doing? -Im reading a book. 1. read a new book 2. clean the blackboard3. she, the window, open, now.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)4. The birds are singing in the tree.(就劃線部分提問)5. is, who, the window, cleaning?(連詞成句)6. The children are playing games near the house.(就劃線部分提問)7. She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)8. You are doing your homework.(用“I”作主語改寫句子)9. they, the tree, sing, now, under.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)10.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句) 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成下列句子1. What _ you _ (do)?2. I _ (sing) an English song.3. What _ he _ (mend)?4. He _ (mend) a car.5. _ you _ (fly) a kite? Yes, _.6. _ she _ (sit) in the boat?7. _ you _ (ask) questions?8. We _ (play) games now.動詞時(shí)態(tài)題專練( )1. There _ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )2. - Who sings best in your class? - Jenny _. A. do B. did C. does D. has done( )3. - _ the young girl _ the old man clean his room every day? - Yes, she does. A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps( )4. - Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )5. - What does Linda often do in the evening? - She often _ her homewo