2015語(yǔ)法填空講解.docx

專題四語(yǔ)法填空A(2014新課標(biāo)卷語(yǔ)法填空)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _41_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _42_ some of them looked very anxious and _43_(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _44_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _45_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _46_(stop) until we reached the next stop.Still, the boy kept _47_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “_48_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It is _49_(I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _50_(sudden) became friendly to one another. 41解析：being考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。worry about表示“擔(dān)憂”，介詞后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。42解析：and考查連詞。前后句之間是順承關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and。很多人在候車，一些人看起來(lái)很擔(dān)憂、失望。43解析：disappointed考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。 look disappointed 是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“看起來(lái)感到失望”。44解析：to考查介詞。next to是固定搭配，表示“緊挨著”。45解析：caught考查時(shí)態(tài)。catch ones attention表示“引起某人的注意”，根據(jù)文中的時(shí)態(tài)可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。46解析：to stop考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。refuse to do sth. 表示“拒絕做某事”。47解析：riding考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 keep doing sth.表示“一直做某事”。48解析：Did考查助動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知這里詢問(wèn)說(shuō)話之前的情況，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。49解析：me/mine考查代詞。一名女士驚呼，“是我丟東西了/那是我的箱子”。50解析：suddenly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。陌生的人群突然間變得友好起來(lái)。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。B(2014遼寧語(yǔ)法填空)Jonny：Hey! Im just practicing Tai Chi (太極). Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter：OK. Dont laugh _61_ me. I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _62_ (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well. My legs become _63_ (pain)Jonny：Keep _64_ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let _65_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient! Tai Chi _66_ (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well _67_ strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The _68_ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable! Oh ., _69_ you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep _70_.61解析：at考查固定搭配。laugh at為固定搭配，意為“取笑；嘲笑”。 根據(jù)下面一句I may look funny“也許我看上去很滑稽”，所以先提醒對(duì)方不要嘲笑我。62解析：softly考查副詞。本句應(yīng)該使用副詞softly與前面的naturally一起作為狀語(yǔ)修飾前面的動(dòng)詞。要很自然柔和地彎曲膝蓋伸展胳膊。63解析：painful考查形容詞。become為系動(dòng)詞，其后需要跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，painful“疼痛的，疼的”。64解析：holding考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。keep doing sth.“一直做某事”；本句表示要一直維持住這個(gè)姿勢(shì)一段時(shí)間，會(huì)幫助發(fā)展你的力氣和靈活性。65解析：it考查代詞。句意：抬高腿讓它在空中停滯幾秒鐘。其中的it指代的是前面出現(xiàn)的your leg。66解析：is called考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處表示“太極拳在英國(guó)被叫作shadow boxing”，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。67解析：as考查固定搭配。本句是一個(gè)固定搭配as well as “和，也”。太極要求你動(dòng)作如水，不但要靈活而且要強(qiáng)勁。68解析：harder考查比較級(jí)。此處與下句中的“the 比較級(jí)”構(gòu)成“the 比較級(jí)， the 比較級(jí)” 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越越”。 你越用力擊打他，你越可能被擊中，他能夠控制你。因?yàn)閷?duì)方會(huì)借力打力。69解析：if考查連詞。考查上下句之間的關(guān)系。句意：如果你不介意，我得停下來(lái)深呼吸一下。70解析：breath考查名詞。Peter認(rèn)為這樣的事情是不可能的，所以他想深呼吸讓自己平靜下來(lái)。故使用take a deep breath“深呼吸”。2014年新課標(biāo)卷樣題(對(duì)話體)展示：Mum：(putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.Alan：Why?Mum：Im not sure what _1_ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table _2_ I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre _3_(go)Alan：Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen _4_(early)Mum：No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished _5_(make) them, so he couldnt have done it._6_， he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure _7_ wasnt him.Alan：(opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of _8_ fridge?Mum：Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _9_ have put them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my _10_. Now, why did I put on my coat?給提示詞不給提示詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ))名詞形容詞副詞其他連詞名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞代詞冠詞介詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞12111121本樣題給出提示詞的包括：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換)，如第3題提示詞是動(dòng)詞go變成了形容詞gone。形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的變化，如第4題提示詞early變成了earlier的形式；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及詞形的變化，如第1題happen變成了過(guò)去式happened和第5題的make變成了making等。不給出提示詞的包括：根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境填入冠詞，如第8題填入定冠詞the表示特指的用法。連詞，如第2題填入連詞when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。代詞，如第7題根據(jù)內(nèi)容填入代詞it以及副詞或名詞等。特點(diǎn)：考查詞形變化的考點(diǎn)偏多，并且未給出提示詞的空處有填實(shí)詞的考點(diǎn)，如第10題要求考生根據(jù)內(nèi)容填入名詞mind/memory等；挖空一般比較均勻，所要填空的地方一般不會(huì)影響考生對(duì)短文的理解。2014年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)1.語(yǔ)法填空題的命題特點(diǎn) 語(yǔ)法填空題是一種綜合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的測(cè)評(píng)方式，因?yàn)樵谕瓿蓽y(cè)試文章時(shí)，考生必須讀懂文章的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)猜測(cè)缺失部分的單詞的意義，這樣在重新構(gòu)建語(yǔ)篇的過(guò)程中，考生必須運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化、語(yǔ)篇分析、學(xué)習(xí)策略等各方面的能力來(lái)完成這一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。顯然，語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空題考查的重點(diǎn)是考生分析、綜合、信息轉(zhuǎn)換等超出語(yǔ)言知識(shí)以外的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力。(1)命題形式材料字?jǐn)?shù)：1篇文章，短文體200字左右，對(duì)話體180字左右。難度適中，符合高中中等學(xué)生的閱讀水平。試題數(shù)：10小題。分值：15分，每小題1.5分。試題材料形式：一般分為短文體、對(duì)話體兩種，相關(guān)情況如下表：給提示詞(47個(gè))不給提示詞(36個(gè))詞性轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞名詞(單復(fù)數(shù))形容詞副詞其他連詞名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞代詞冠詞介詞(2)命題特點(diǎn)給出提示詞的較多(47個(gè))；考查詞性變化的考點(diǎn)偏多，并且未給出提示詞的空處有填實(shí)詞的考點(diǎn)；每空填寫不超過(guò)三個(gè)詞；挖空一般比較均勻，所要填空的地方一般不會(huì)影響學(xué)生對(duì)短文的整體理解。2語(yǔ)法填空題的考點(diǎn)以各種詞形變換為重點(diǎn)，如名詞復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞、分詞等。形式的準(zhǔn)確尤為重要。(1) 詞法（2）句法語(yǔ)法填空題是以語(yǔ)篇的形式在具體語(yǔ)境中考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力，我們?cè)诮忸}前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先進(jìn)行填寫。在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析、逐題解答。下面我們結(jié)合有無(wú)提示詞的情況進(jìn)行具體分析：一、有提示詞1括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是動(dòng)詞首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。然后根據(jù)以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。(1)若句中沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(分析：第一步，觀察61題括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是be動(dòng)詞；第二步，判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，分析空處所在句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子為主從復(fù)合句，句首的it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；主句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；第三步，確定時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible可知本段敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)是it, 因此此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was。此處句意為：在1969年，the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio被污染得如此嚴(yán)重，以前沒(méi)有人能夠想象到這條河會(huì)被清理干凈。答案為was。)(2)若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要確定是v.ing形式，v.ed形式，還是不定式。確定的方法主要有：作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用v.ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體情況；作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用分詞，若與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)；若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞(v.ed)；作目的狀語(yǔ)、形容詞后的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用不定式。典例1(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)It took years of work _65_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(分析：第一步，觀察65題括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是動(dòng)詞reduce；第二步，判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，65題所在句為簡(jiǎn)單句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為took，故空處需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；第三步，確定形式。根據(jù)固定句式：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花了某人一段時(shí)間”，可知此處應(yīng)填不定式to reduce。注意句中的and clean為and連接省略to的并列不定式。答案為to reduce。)典例2(2014鄭州模擬節(jié)選)_(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(分析：第一步，觀察括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是動(dòng)詞see；第二步，判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句中無(wú)連詞，逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)句子，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；第三步，確定形式，see與句子主語(yǔ)the south foot of the mountain之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)。答案為Seen)特別提醒有時(shí)所給提示詞雖然是動(dòng)詞，但是空格處既不是考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也不是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是要求進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。典例3(2014哈爾濱模擬節(jié)選)My first football _(compete) was in Nagoya, Japan several years ago.(分析：提示詞雖是動(dòng)詞compete，但分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少的是主語(yǔ)，由名詞football修飾，故空處需用名詞形式，依據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知此處表示“自己的第一次足球比賽”。答案為competition。)2括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞或副詞(1)如果括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是形容詞，一般是考查副詞，即要變成副詞形式；如果括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是副詞，一般是考查形容詞，即要變成形容詞形式。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual) caught fire and burned.(分析：提示詞為形容詞actual，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞caught，故應(yīng)該用其副詞形式actually。答案為actually。)(2)有時(shí)也要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷是否要變成名詞形式或否定含義。典例(2014長(zhǎng)春模擬節(jié)選)At last, her courage and _(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.(分析：提示詞為形容詞wise, 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與前面的名詞courage是并列成分，一起在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，故要用其名詞形式wisdom。答案為wisdom。)(3)比較等級(jí)通常有表示范圍的in/of介詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞前有the時(shí)，一般要用最高級(jí)；than的前面一定要用比較級(jí)。典例1(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_ (clean) than ever.(分析：提示詞為形容詞clean，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)空后的than，可知空缺處應(yīng)該填提示詞的比較級(jí)形式。句意：最后人們的努力得到了回報(bào)，現(xiàn)在這條河比以前更干凈了。答案為cleaner。)典例2(2014貴陽(yáng)模擬節(jié)選)One of the _ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher .(分析：提示詞為形容詞bad，空處為one of the名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“其中之一”，范圍是三者或三者以上，因此形容詞需要用最高級(jí)形式worst。答案為worst。)3括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞(1)如果空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后，則應(yīng)考慮填名詞。但不要忘記考慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(分析：提示詞為名詞change，根據(jù)本句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分是系動(dòng)詞are，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，所以使用changes。答案為changes。)(2)當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)提供的是名詞時(shí)，還可能考查形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等。典例1(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)Just be _70_ (patience)(分析：提示詞為名詞patience，但空格前為系動(dòng)詞be，故應(yīng)用其形容詞形式在句中作表語(yǔ)。答案為patient。)典例2(2014唐山模擬節(jié)選)A certain man planted a rose and watered it _(faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.(分析：提示詞為名詞faith，但空處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞watered，故應(yīng)用其副詞形式。注意：先將名詞faith變成形容詞faithful，然后再變成副詞faithfully。答案為faithfully。)4詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題詞性的判斷主要是通過(guò)分析句子的成分來(lái)確定。一般情況下可以作如下分析：(1)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)一般由形容詞充當(dāng)，有時(shí)也可以是動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞等。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷樣題節(jié)選)I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre _(go)(分析：提示詞為動(dòng)詞go，因空處在句中作表語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用其形容詞形式：gone adj.“離去的，不見(jiàn)的”。句意：因?yàn)槿髦尾灰?jiàn)了，所以有人肯定把它們拿走了。答案為gone。)(2)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。典例(2014承德模擬節(jié)選)Even days after I reported the event to the police, they failed to _(proper) solve this situation of even return my calls.(分析：提示詞為形容詞proper，因空處在句中作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞solve，故應(yīng)用其副詞形式。答案為properly。)(3)作主語(yǔ)，或在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，用名詞形式。典例(2014銀川模擬節(jié)選)A new opera, written by a secondgeneration NigerianAmerican, tells the story of Harriet Tubman, who escaped from slavery and led others to _(free) a century and a half ago.(分析：提示詞為形容詞free，因空處位于介詞to之后，故應(yīng)用其名詞形式在句中作賓語(yǔ)。注意：lead to中的to為介詞。 答案為freedom。)(4)在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。 典例(2014?？谀M節(jié)選)What came out of his mouth surprised me.Id never heard a more comforting _(explain)(分析：提示詞為動(dòng)詞explain，因空格前有不定冠詞a，故此處應(yīng)用其名詞形式，意為“我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更安慰人心的解釋”。答案為explanation。)二、無(wú)提示詞純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞(含從屬連詞和并列連詞)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。1填代詞在簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句中，若句子缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一般是填代詞。 典例(2014石家莊模擬節(jié)選)I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second.(分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and連接前后兩個(gè)句子，and后面的句子缺主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞it。答案為it。)2填限定詞名詞前面若沒(méi)有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等)，很可能是填限定詞。典例(2014銀川模擬節(jié)選)It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly.(分析：名詞rice crop前還沒(méi)有限定詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，據(jù)說(shuō)宋朝有一個(gè)急性子的人急于使“他的”禾苗長(zhǎng)得快，故填形容詞性物主代詞his。答案為his。)3填介詞名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面一般是填介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前，如at night, on Sunday等；也可位于形容詞之后，如be interested in , be good at等；還可位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。典例(2014遵義模擬節(jié)選)The richest of these billionaires is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money _ starting the company Microsoft.(分析：依據(jù)句意可知Bill Gates是通過(guò)創(chuàng)辦微軟公司掙錢的，因此空處填by，此處by表“通過(guò)途徑”。答案為by。)4填連詞連詞有兩類：一類是并列連詞，另一類是從屬連詞。 我們可以根據(jù)句子的類型判斷所要填的詞類。主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)或句型：(1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句：并列結(jié)構(gòu)包括由并列連詞連接的詞或詞組；并列句一般由“簡(jiǎn)單句并列連詞簡(jiǎn)單句”構(gòu)成，有時(shí)并列連詞前有逗號(hào)?？梢愿鶕?jù)上下句的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系判斷連詞，如并列關(guān)系(and)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but)、選擇關(guān)系(or)、因果關(guān)系(so)等。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months.(分析：空處連接兩個(gè)并列的短語(yǔ)在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意“但是這條河流的改變不是幾天或者幾個(gè)月的事情”可知，此處應(yīng)填表示選擇的連詞or。答案為or。)特別提醒若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，或者兩個(gè)單詞以及短語(yǔ)中間，沒(méi)有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，也沒(méi)有連詞，那空格處通常是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。(2)狀語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)確定為狀語(yǔ)從句后，就要通過(guò)理解語(yǔ)境，判斷上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定是哪種從句，是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、目的或其他，最后確定從屬連詞。典例(2014唐山模擬節(jié)選)House prices vary from place to place and are usually high _ there are famous schools.(分析：句意：各地的房?jī)r(jià)不同，有名校的地方，房?jī)r(jià)通常很高。根據(jù)句意可知，此處需要用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。答案為where。)(3)名詞性從句：當(dāng)確定為名詞性從句后，可以分析從句是否缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，如果缺以上成分，一般情況下要使用what，有時(shí)可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，則考慮句子意思是否完整，意思完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的則考慮whether, when, where, why, how, because等。典例(2014洛陽(yáng)模擬節(jié)選)I was in the train sitting opposite a middleaged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but _ they did touched me deeply.(分析：空處所在的句子為but連接的并列分句，第二句中又含有主從復(fù)合句；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為touched，_ they did為主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少did的賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填what。答案為what。)(4)定語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)確定為定語(yǔ)從句后，首先要看看先行詞是指人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，還是其他，然后判斷關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分，再根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)規(guī)則確定使用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy.(分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a habit (指物)，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞that或which。答案為that/which。)5填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did等)。典例1(2014齊齊哈爾模擬節(jié)選)What is acceptable in one country _ be considered extremely rude in another.(分析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語(yǔ)從句，空格后的be considered是謂語(yǔ)；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞does(由語(yǔ)境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù))；再由句意及作者的語(yǔ)氣可知，此處需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may。答案為may。)典例2(2014沈陽(yáng)模擬節(jié)選)He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.(分析：這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had是一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，后一分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；但句中bring用的卻是原形，既與語(yǔ)境的時(shí)態(tài)不符，也與主語(yǔ)he不一致，該句又不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did；由句意和作者的語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)，應(yīng)當(dāng)填對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did。答案為did。)6填冠詞(1)下列情況下很可能填不定冠詞：_可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))；_形容詞可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。(2)下列情況下很可能填定冠詞：_(定語(yǔ))名詞of等介詞短語(yǔ)(表示特指)；_(定語(yǔ))名詞定語(yǔ)從句(表示特指)；_(定語(yǔ))名詞不定式短語(yǔ)或分詞短語(yǔ)(表示特指)。典例(2014新課標(biāo)卷節(jié)選)Now, years later, this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(分析：此空后面的most是最高級(jí)的形式，由于形容詞的最高級(jí)與定冠詞連用，因此此處填定冠詞the。答案為the。)7根據(jù)固定搭配、典型句型確定動(dòng)詞、名詞、介詞等固定搭配的短語(yǔ)及習(xí)慣用法是屬于比較簡(jiǎn)單的考點(diǎn)，只要平時(shí)注意積累基本上就能答對(duì)。典例(2014長(zhǎng)春模擬節(jié)選)Volunteer work plays an important _ in Americas high school education.(分析：此處考查短語(yǔ)play a part in的搭配用法。答案為part。)8根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷詞義判斷詞義可以通過(guò)定義、對(duì)比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定。(1)定義法：定義法是指通過(guò)定義解釋、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)等判斷詞義。這類詞主要是名詞。典型(2014石家莊模擬節(jié)選)We are all in the position of the _. If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, well get a useless crop. If we dont plant anything, well harvest nothing at all.(分析：通過(guò)后面句子的含義解釋可以確定空格處詞義是“農(nóng)夫、農(nóng)民”，特別是幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“plant，seed，harvest”與farmer的工作特點(diǎn)是完全一致的。 答案為farmer。)(2)對(duì)比法：對(duì)比法是指通過(guò)句子的對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)判斷所缺單詞的詞義，通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)一些連詞或副詞來(lái)判斷，如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand等。典例(2014貴陽(yáng)模擬節(jié)選)There are more _ teachers in my schools than men teachers.(分析：通過(guò)對(duì)比后面的men teachers可以確定空格處詞義是“女性”，即名詞women作定語(yǔ)修飾teachers。答案為women。)(3)因果法：指通過(guò)句子的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系或句子之間存在的因果關(guān)系來(lái)判斷詞義。典例(2014齊齊哈爾模擬節(jié)選)The museum was so _ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(分析：根據(jù)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的含義“不可能一天之內(nèi)看完所有的展品”可以判斷主句指的原因是“博物館太大了”。答案為large。)(4)語(yǔ)境線索：即通過(guò)上下語(yǔ)境確定空格內(nèi)要填的詞義。典例(2014石家莊模擬節(jié)選)One day mother looked at Nicks shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How _ they are! You must clean them.” (分析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“看看你的鞋子，你必須把它們弄干凈”可以判斷空格處詞義是“臟的”。答案為dirty。)綜上所述，語(yǔ)法填空題雖然難度相對(duì)較大，考查范圍相對(duì)較廣，考生失分現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重，但是只要考生能夠清楚地了解這類題目的命題特點(diǎn)和命題規(guī)律，掌握答題的技巧，在備考的過(guò)程中有針對(duì)性地多加練習(xí)，熟練語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用，及時(shí)對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，加強(qiáng)在語(yǔ)篇情境下的應(yīng)用能力，在考試中就能提高準(zhǔn)確率，取得理想的成績(jī)。隨堂即時(shí)訓(xùn)練A(2014貴陽(yáng)高三質(zhì)檢)W：Mr. Brown, this is your bed, and as you can see, there are three other beds in the ward. Have you 1._(get) everything you need?M：Yes, nurse, I think 2._. I followed the hospitals advice, and Ive only brought a few 3._(belong) with me.W：Good, you can see the reasons 4._ we ask you to do that, the cupboard is 5._(real) very small.M：Yes. Nurse, can you tell me what the visiting hours are?W：Yes, of course. They are in the afternoon from 2：30 to 4：30 and in the evening from 7：00 6._ 8：00, but remember that only two people can see you at the same time.M：I see. What other rules are there?W：Yes.We start pretty early. We wake you at 6 oclock, and breakfast is at 8 oclock, lunch is at noon, there is tea at 3：30, and supper is at 6 oclock.M：Oh, thats very 7._(difference) from what I have been used to. Youd better tell me the rest of the rules here.W：Yes. Well, you can see the no 8._(smoke) sign. We dont allow smoking in the wards, and the same 9._(go) for alcohol. However, if you 10._(need) to smoke, there are special rooms.M：Oh, I dont smoke, so it doesnt affect me.W：Good.答案1解析：got考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)樵摼涫褂玫氖乾F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以填寫過(guò)去分詞got，構(gòu)成have got .結(jié)構(gòu)。2解析：so考查副詞。此處用so來(lái)代替上文提到的內(nèi)容。3解析：belongings考查名詞。分析句子可知，a few后用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。belonging意為“行李”。4解析：why考查關(guān)系副詞。分析句子可知，此處用why來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。句意：你能看到我們讓你那么做的原因，櫥柜真的非常小。誤解分析：此處不可用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而此時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，故用why而不用that或which。5解析：really考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾形容詞。6解析：to考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)from . to . “從到”。7解析：different考查形容詞。分析句子可知，此處考查形容詞短語(yǔ)be different from .“不同于”。8解析：smoking考查名詞。no smoking sign“禁止吸煙的標(biāo)志”。9解析：goes考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的and可知，該句為并列句，所以前后的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是一致的，由上文的“We dont allow smoking .”可知，該句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。誤解分析：此處不可用go，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)為the same，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為goes。10解析：(do) need考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的“there are special rooms”可知，if條件從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，且可在need前加do，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。B(2014吉林大學(xué)附中高三檢測(cè))A friends grandfather came to America from Eastern Europe. After 1._ (settle) down at Ellis Island, he went into a cafeteria in Manhattan to get something 2._(eat)He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order. Of course nobody did. 3._(final), a woman with a tray full of food sat down opposite him and informed him 4._ a cafeteria worked.“Start out at that end，” she said. “Just go along the line and pick out what you want. At 5._ other end theyll tell you how much you have to pay.”“I soon 6._(learn) how everything works in America，” the grandfather told the friend. “Lifes a cafeteria here. You can get anything you want as long as you are 7._(will) to pay the price. You can even get success, 8._ youll never get it if you wait for someone to bring it to you. You have to get up and get it yourself.”You cant change the inevitable. The only thing you can do 9._ to control y