初高中語(yǔ)法銜接-時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài).doc

精品文檔初高中語(yǔ)法銜接動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)表時(shí)態(tài)意義標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成公式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，存在的狀態(tài)，或客觀真理often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day主語(yǔ)+V原形（主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，V加s或es）主語(yǔ)+is /am/are+V過(guò)分現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作now，Look!, Listen!， at this moment主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+V-ing主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+being+V過(guò)分現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在already , yet ,since, so far主語(yǔ) +have/has +V過(guò)分主語(yǔ)+have/has +been+V過(guò)分一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作yesterday ，last week, ago, in 1998, just now主語(yǔ)+V過(guò)去式主語(yǔ)+was/were +V過(guò)分過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)at this time yesterday, just then, at 6:00 last Sunday, when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+was/were+V-ing主語(yǔ)+was/were+being+V過(guò)分過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去已完成的動(dòng)作by the end of +過(guò)去的時(shí)間，by the time +一般過(guò)去時(shí)主語(yǔ)+had+V過(guò)分主語(yǔ)+had+been+V過(guò)分一般將來(lái)時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的狀態(tài)tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days, in 2100主語(yǔ)+am/is/are going to +V原形，或主語(yǔ)+will+V原形主語(yǔ)+will be+V過(guò)分過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)常用于主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)+was/were+going to+V原形，或主語(yǔ)+would +V原形主語(yǔ)+would+be+V過(guò)分現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句/時(shí)間點(diǎn)ago”或“for+時(shí)間段” 主語(yǔ)+have /has+been+V-ing 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must等+V原形can/may/must等+be +V過(guò)分考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)有哪些特殊用法？（1） 表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Whats the time now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？（2） 在含時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中（主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)）。Ill call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天一到北京，我就給你打電話。（3） 在主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的復(fù)合句中，如果賓語(yǔ)從句陳述的是客觀真理，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher said Maria is a girl.老師說(shuō)瑪利亞是個(gè)女孩。（4） 表示書、信、報(bào)紙、通知、廣播、告示牌等的內(nèi)容用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It says, “Closed”.上面寫著，“停止?fàn)I業(yè)”。專練 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1、 Three plus two_（be）five. 2、There_（go）the bell!3、Light_（travel）faster than sound. 4、If you_（ask）her tomorrow, she will help you.5、The notice _（say）“No Smoking!”.考點(diǎn)2 如何使用used to?used to后加動(dòng)詞原形表示“過(guò)去常?！保湟蓡?wèn)句和否定句可直接使用used，也可借助于did。I used to be afraid of dark .我過(guò)去常怕黑。He usednt to ride to school.他過(guò)去不常騎車去上學(xué)。He used to smoke, didnt he?他過(guò)去常抽煙，是嗎？注意：be used to doing 意為“習(xí)慣做某事”， be used to do 意為“被用來(lái)”，不要混淆。專練 按要求變化下面的句型1、She used to play near the river.(改為否定句)_2、 The children didnt use to come here early,_？(補(bǔ)全反意疑問(wèn)句) 考點(diǎn)3 一般將來(lái)時(shí)有哪些形式？ （1）“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示計(jì)劃或打算在最近要做的事。 Im going to take you to the park.我打算帶你去公園。 （2）“will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”是單純的將來(lái)時(shí)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He will come back next week.他下周回來(lái)。 （3）“be+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事，或用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見。 We are to meet outside the park. 我們約定在公園外面見。 Am I to go on with the work? 這工作我是不是接著干下去？ （4）“be about+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示即將做某事，一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 It is about to rain.天要下雨了。（5） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于瞬間動(dòng)詞（start,begin,die等）。 Im leaving for Shanghai. 我要去上海了。專練 按要求變化下面的句型1、 Have you finished your homework? Not yet. I_（this afternoon）.2、 Where are you going this Sunday? _（the zoo）.考點(diǎn)4 哪些動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)？ 表示感覺(jué)、情感、狀態(tài)、看法、意愿的動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)，這類動(dòng)詞有：hear, see, smell, look, seem, think, like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe等。專練 改正下面每個(gè)句子中的錯(cuò)誤1、 Im hearing a strange noise now.2、 Now you are looking beautiful.考點(diǎn)5 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)有什么區(qū)別？二者表示的動(dòng)作都在過(guò)去發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，不能與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。Have you done your homework?你做作業(yè)了嗎？ Yes, I have.做了。When did you do it?什么時(shí)候做的？ Last night.昨天晚上。專練 根據(jù)所給的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，分別用一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)造句1、 go to the beach 2、not hear of that考點(diǎn)6 have been to, have been in和have gone to有何區(qū)別？have been in 表示“在某地”；have been to 表示“去過(guò)”某地，常與ever, never ,before, once ,twice等連用；have gone to 表示“去了”某地，人可能在途中或已到達(dá)那里。專練 用have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空1、 Tim_out. Hell be back in an hour.2、 Jim_this city for two years.3、 _you ever_Jinan? It has some famous springs.考點(diǎn)7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，謂語(yǔ)何時(shí)用瞬間動(dòng)詞，何時(shí)用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞？ 若表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)如these days, in the past few years, during the last three months, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently等連用。The old man has been away from home for twenty years.那老人離開家已十年了。注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與持續(xù)性的完成時(shí)連用，必須改為延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，記住下面的瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的換用：1、 動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)詞：buyhave, borrowkeep2、 變?yōu)椤癰e+adj./adv.”：beginbe on, close/openbe closed/open, diebe dead, finishbe over, get upbe up, marrybe married, gobe off, comebe here, returnbe back, arrivebe here3、 變?yōu)椤癰e+介詞短語(yǔ)”：come/go be in/at, joinbe in(或“be+成員”)，put onwear(或be in) I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years haspassed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school. 專練 A）用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1、I _（buy）this bicycle for five years. 2、You can _（borrow）it for two days. 3、The film_（begin）for five minutes. 4、How long _ you _（go）this school? 5、My brother _ (join) the army since 1999. 6、I _（put on）the shoes since three years ago. 7、The old man_（die）since 2000. B ) 將下面的句子變?yōu)橥x句8、 They got married two years ago. It _since they got married.9、We came to this school three years ago. We_ this school _three years.10、I have been up for two hours. Two hours _I got up.考點(diǎn)8 如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的方法是：一看動(dòng)詞，二換主語(yǔ)，三變謂語(yǔ)。（1） 主動(dòng)句有雙賓語(yǔ)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，但若將直接賓語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ)，后面要使用to 或for引出間接賓語(yǔ)。He gave me a book yesterday. I was given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday.( 2 ) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分的整體，變化時(shí)不能丟掉介詞或副詞。 You should speak to me politely. I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少)（2） 主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)若是地點(diǎn)名詞，變化時(shí)不要忘記加介詞。Shandong produces salt. Salt is produced in Shandong. ( 4 ) 帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)在原位置不動(dòng)。 I saw a man playing basketball there. A man was seen playing basketball there. ( 5 ) 在主動(dòng)句中某些動(dòng)詞后的不定式可省略to，但在被動(dòng)句中to要補(bǔ)出。 Our parents make us study hard. We are made to study hard.專練 將下面句子的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、 The students clean the room every day.2、 She gave me twenty yuan last week. 3、 A present was bought for me by my sister.4、 The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years.考點(diǎn)9 哪些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義？（1） 系動(dòng)詞，如look, feel, taste, smell等。The music sounds beautiful.這音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)很美。（2） sell, feel, write, drive, open 等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)。This kind of clothes sells well.這種衣服賣得很好。（3） 在be worth doing sth.中的doing。The basketball match is well worth watching.這場(chǎng)籃球賽很值得看。（4） 在need ,want, require等表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后接V-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于to be done。My kite wants mending.我的風(fēng)箏需修理。專練 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、 The fur of the cat_（feel） very warm.2、 The apples_（taste）good.3、 This kind of food_（smell） hot.4、 The latest model cars _（sell）well.5、 The ball-pen_（write）smoothly.6、 Your coat _（not wash）easily.7、 The book is worth_（read）.8、 Your hair wants _（cut）.考點(diǎn)10 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有哪些習(xí)慣用法？It is said that據(jù)說(shuō) It is well known that 眾所周知It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that 大家相信It is said that it will rain tomorrow.據(jù)說(shuō)明天要下雨。專練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，完成下面的句子1、_（據(jù)說(shuō)）we will have an English exam tomorrow.2、_(眾所周知)most families have one bike at least.3、_(大家相信)our government will solve this problem.考點(diǎn)11 如何判斷時(shí)態(tài)？遇到時(shí)態(tài)判斷題可按以下步驟判斷：一找標(biāo)志（詞），二想公式，三寫變化。首先找出時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞，如：He_（not talk）now.其標(biāo)志詞是now。再根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞確定用哪些時(shí)態(tài)，想想其公式。如now是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，公式是am/is/are+V-ing。注意：看句式是疑問(wèn)句還是否定句，寫出變化形式。如上題是否定句，故填isnt talking。中考英語(yǔ)試題精選動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)【1遼寧沈陽(yáng)】1.Tomorrow theres a programme about our school on TV，then it _ by millions of peopleAwill seeBsawCwill be seenDwas seen【1湖北襄樊】2-Ithe Great Wall next week-Have a good trip！AvisitBvisitedCam visitingDhave visited【1山東東營(yíng)】3. Heto Dongying many times, so he knows every corner of it.A. wentB. will goC. has goneD. has been【1安徽省卷】4. - Are you going to the party?- No, because I _.A. have askedB. havent askedC. have been askedD. havent been asked【1河北省卷】5. This term _ over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be【1湖北武漢】6. -When _ you _ to learn to skate?-Five years ago.A. do; startB. will; startC. had; startedD. did; start【1福建?晉江】7. I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college.-Me too. Teachers _very much there.A. needB. are needingC. are needed【1湖北咸寧】8. The 1 Asian Sports Meetthis November in Guangzhou. Yes. I wish Chinese players will do well.A. will be heldB. have been heldC. was to be heldD. would be held【1黑龍江哈爾濱】9Great changes have taken place since we _ ETimesAnd the computer is widely used throughout the world Aentered Bwill enter Chave entered【1貴州銅仁】10. Hello!Is that Mr. Jiang ?No ,he_Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks.A. goesB. wentC. has gone toD. has been to【1江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】11. The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places?Yes. Also, we _ to the Great Wall.A. have goneB. have beenC. had goneD. had been【1江蘇蘇州】12What do you think of the film“Avatar”?Its fantasticThe only pity is that I_ the beginning of itAmissedBwas missingCmissDwill miss【1甘肅?蘭州】13. In the past few years there _ great changes in my hometown.A. have beenB. wereC. had beenD. are【1湖北宜昌】14. -Theres too much salt in the Chinese diet.-So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt _ for each man every day.A. is neededB. needsC. will needD. has needed【1廣東廣州】15. Excuse me, whats this for?Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.A. usesB is usedC is usingD. used【1四川?達(dá)州】16. When we got to Yushu airport , we were told that they _ more than 500 people from the ruins (廢墟) by earthquake.A. has savedB. savedC. had savedD. have saved【1寧夏】17. -Have you read this book?-Yes. I _ it two weeks ago.A. am readingB. have readC. will readD. readA. am doingB. were doingC. was doing【1重慶】18. If you _ to the 1 Shanghai Expo next month, I will go with you.A. goB. has goneC. will goD. are going【1浙江?義烏】19 It _ to drive after drinking wine.A. is allowedB. is not allowedC. is madeD. is welcomed【2山東臨沂】20. Chen Guangbiao says he _ all his money to charities when he dies.A. leavesB. leftC. will leaveD. would leave【2山東威?！?1.Mom, when can I go out to play football?Finish your homework first, or I _let you go out.A. dontB. didntC. wontD. havent【2?山東青島】22. Hello! Im very glad to see you. When_you_here?A. did; arriveB. will; arriveC. have; arriveD. are; arriving【3山東濱州】23. We know that she enjoys _ books very much.A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read【3山東濱州】24. My pen pal Andrew found it difficult _ Chinese wellA. learningB. learnC. to learnD. learned【3.山東菏澤】25. As one of the school rules, middle school students are not_ to smoke.A. ordered B. refused C. allowed D. forbidden【3.山東菏澤】26. Our foreign teacher Mr Green _us English since three years ago.A. has taught B. is teaching C. taughtD. teaches【3山東濟(jì)南】27.Why do you want to stay at home?Because I _ good when I am with my family.A. smeltB. feelC. taste D. sound【3山東濟(jì)南】28. Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn _?Three years ago.A. to meetB. to swimC. to paintD. to sing【3山東濟(jì)南】29. Do you know Tom?Sure, we have _in the same village for many years.A. leftB. livedC. come D. gone【3山東濟(jì)寧】30.Sorry, Mr Green. I have_my homework at home.Never mind. But dont forger next time.A.putB.keptC.leftD. remained【3山東濟(jì)寧】31.Will you go and see the movieNet Motherwith me?Thank you. But I _it already.A.sawB. have seenC. seeD.will see【3山東聊城】32. Do you know the Englishman?Yes. I _ him for two years.A. get to knowB. have knownC. knewD. got to know【3山東臨沂】33. Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia _ the first hotel in space in the near future.A buildsB. will buildC. buildD has build【3山東臨沂】34. Every ye