2010年全國職稱英語等級考試理工類A級沖刺模擬題.doc

大家論壇2010年全國職稱英語等級考試理工類A級沖刺模擬題第1部分：詞匯選項（第115題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1 The union representative (put across) her argument very effectively. A. explainedB. inventedC. consideredD. accepted2 He talks tough but has a (tender) heart.A. heavyB. strongC. kindD. wild3 It is no use (debating) the relative merits of this policy.A. makingB. takingC. discussingD. expecting4 Our statistics show that we (consume) all that we are capable of producing.A. wasteB. buyC. useD. sell5 The fuel tanks had a (capacity) of 140 liters.A. functionB. abilityC. powerD. volume6 Our lives are (intimately) bound up with theirs.A. tenselyB. nearlyC. carefullyD. closely7 Her faith (upheld) her in times of sadness.A. supportedB. excitedC. inspiredD. directed8 The book provides a (concise) analysis of the countrys history.A. cleanB. perfectC. realD. brief9 It is (laid down) in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A. suggestedB. warnedC. statedD. confirmed10 The council meeting (terminated) at 2 oclock.A. beganB. continuedC. endedD. resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a (token) of danger.A. signB. substituteC. proofD. target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is (unwilling) to risk change.A. reluctantB. eagerC. pleasedD. angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely (regulate) or enlarge an old one.A. limitB. controlC. replaceD. offset14 The secretary is expected to (explore) ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A. denyB. investigateC. stressD. create15 The (steadily) rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A. graduallyB. suddenlyC. excessivelyD. exceptionally第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Project Aims to Raise Demand for Laptops(筆記本電腦) for Poor Children The project known as One Laptop Per Child has a new campaign to bring its computers to children in developing countries. The campaign will urge people in the United States and Canada to spend just under four hundred dollars for two laptops. One will go to a child in a poor country. The other will go to the buyer. The Give One, Get One campaign will start on November twelfth for two weeks only. Project officials think the donations may help persuade governments of developing countries to buy more. The green-and-white machines are specially designed for children in the developing world. The laptop, called the XO, does not use very much power. And if no electricity is available, users can charge the battery by hand by turning a crank(曲柄). The computer uses the free, open-source operating system Linux. The color display can change to a black-and-white image so users are able to see it even in bright sunlight. Also, the laptops are able to connect wirelessly(無線的) to each other, as well as the Internet if local service is available. They have a camera. And they are built to resist dirt and moisture. Mass production is expected to begin in October, once a final design is approved. The XO laptop is currently being tested in Cambodia, Thailand, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Uruguay, Brazil and Peru. Walter Bender is head of software and content for the nonprofit One Laptop Per Child project. He says officials hope to establish a process through the United Nations for countries to make proposals to get free laptops. Donations may be necessary to launch a laptop program in some poor countries, he says, but governments are needed to keep it going. Partnerships between nations could also help. Italy, for example, has agreed to buy fifty thousand laptops for Ethiopia. The project is led by Nicholas Negroponte, the founding director of the Media Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was waiting for three million orders, but so far that has not happened. In two thousand five he announced the idea for a computer that would cost one hundred dollars. Right now, the cost is almost one hundred ninety dollars. Several countries in Africa and South America have already placed orders. Walter Bender says countries that buy laptops could still receive others through donations. 16. People in America and Canada are asked to buy two laptops for children in poor countries.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Children can use the laptop without electricity or battery.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The computer is not easy to become dirty and wet.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The XO laptop will be tested in Philippines next year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Italy has promised to offer 15,000 laptops for Rwanda because of their partnerships.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Nicholas Negroponte has received a large order of three million laptops from different countries.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The cost of a laptop has increased by 90 dollars since 2005.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第2326題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題；（2）第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。Touring the Antarctic brings danger1 Ship tourism to Antarctica is on the rise: More than 35,000 tourists are expected to visit Antarctica this spring and summer. In 1992-93, 6,750 visited Antarctica, according to the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. All of this tourism, however, is posing great danger to both tourists and the environment.2 Among the tourist ships that visit the continent, the Explorer, a Canadian ship, was one of the first. Launched in 1969, it was built to ferry tourists to Antarctica. Last week, however, it became the first commercial passenger ship to sink beneath the polar regions waters. Fortunately, all of the passengers and crew members were evacuated(撤離) from the ship. However, the sunken ship threatens the Antarctics fragile environment. The ship was estimated to be holding 48,000 gallons of marine diesel fuel.3 The accident was not unanticipated. Both the US and UK had warned a conference of Antarctic treaty nations in May that the tourism situation in the region was a potential disaster. The US said in a paper, people should take a hard look at tourism issues now, especially those related to vessel safety. The increasing number of ships operating in Antarctica means that ships are under greater pressures to meet the time slots for visiting key sites, the British government wrote in a paper at the meeting of treaty nations.4 Although the Antarctic seas are relatively calm, floating ice poses a potential threat to ships. The owner of the Explorer attributed the sinking to a fist-size hole in the hull created by ice. Many of the other large cruise ships now visiting Antarctica have little or no ice reinforcement in their designs. Such ships generally can only come to the continent at the height of summer. But the tourist rush is pushing vessels into dangerous situations.5 As a natural frontier, Antarctica is in a legal muddle. There are no obvious answers as to who is responsible for dealing with the threat that tourism may cause to human life and the environment.6 Jim Barnes, executive director of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, told the New York Times: Theres no military or coast guard for Antarctica. He asked: Do we want this (the Antarctic) to become Disneyland, or do we want some controls?23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A. The Sinking of the ExplorerB. Increasing TouristsC. PollutionD. Hidden DangersE. Warnings Before the AccidentF. Big Disaster27. Although the Explorer sunk, the crew members and passengers are _.28. The accident of the Explorers sinking is _.29. The tourist ships are in danger of _.30. Who is responsible of Antarctics threat is _.A. safeB. being hit by floating iceC. pollute the seaD. foreseenE. unclearF. dealing with the threat第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether youre driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns(制裁) on cell use by both pedestrians and drivers. The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities(死亡者) to the number of cell phones in use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a critical mass(臨界數(shù)量) of 100 million, the study found. These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factored in a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use. Loeb and his co-author determined that, at the current time, cell phone use has a significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety and that cell phones and their usage above a critical threshold adds to motor vehicle fatalities. In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a life-saving effect in pedestrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. Cell-phone users were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time, Loeb hypothesizes(假設(shè)). However, this was not the case when cells were first used in the mid-1980s, when they caused a life-taking effect among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those early days, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because drivers and pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using them, and there werent enough cell phones in use to make a difference in summoning help following an accident, he explains. The life-saving effect occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, and increasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a drop in fatalities, explains Loeb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out once the numbers of phones reached a critical mass of about 100 million and the life-taking effect increased accidents and fatalities outweighed the benefits of quick access to 911 services, according to Loeb. Loeb and his co-authors used econometric(計量經(jīng)濟的) models to analyze data from a number of government and private studies. He and his co-authors recommend that governments consider more aggressive policies to reduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians, to reduce the number of fatalities.31. The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. LoebA. show that talking on the phone while driving or walking in the street increases deaths of drivers and pedestrians.B. show that talking on the phone while driving increases pedestrian deaths.C. recommend that strict measures be taken to restrain cell phone use.D. both A and C.32. According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?A. Right after cell phones were invented.B. Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass.C. When cell phone users totaled to a certain number.D. When the number of cell phones decreased to a certain number.33. What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?A. The number of cell phones in use exploded in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s.B. The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.C. Cell phone users are likely to be involved in traffic accidents.D. The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.34. What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?A. It had a life-taking effect because there werent enough cell phones in use then.B. The increased use of cell phones then caused a life-taking effect.C. Traffic fatalities increased then because the number of cell phones in use decreased.D. Traffic fatalities decreased then because the number of cell phones in use increased.35. Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question What caused the life-saving effect to occur in the early 1990s?A. There were more cell phone users during that period.B. The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.C. More cell phones were used to call 911 when accidents occurred.D. Cell phones enabled people to have quick access to 911 services.第二篇How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence Researchers believe that our universe began with the Big Bang(宇宙大爆炸) about 13 billion years ago, and that soon after that event, matter began to form as small dust grains and gases. How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years, but a state-of-the-art(最新技術(shù)水平的) computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence. The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today, and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler. Dr. Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U.S. incorporated these conditions of the early universe, sometimes referred to as the cosmic dark ages, to simulate the formation of an astronomical(天文的) object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness. The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar(原恒星) the early stage of a massive primordial(原始的) star of our universe and the researchers computer simulation sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process. The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being. According to their simulation, gravity acted on minute density variations in matter, gases, and the mysterious dark matter of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun. The simulation reveals how pre-stellar(前恒星的) gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar. Dr. Yoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing(合成) heavy elements, not just in later generations of stars, but soon after the Big Bang. This general picture of star formation, and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe, will eventually allow investigation into the origins of life and planets, said Lars Hernquist, a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University. The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars have accumulated, he says, and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these elements further across the universe. So when you think about it, all of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars, long ago. Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universe. More powerful computers, more physical data, and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations, but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation when a stellar object becomes a true star.36. What can the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about?A How matter began to form the first stars after the Big Bang.B How the Big Bang marked the beginning of our universe.C How the Big Bang took place about 13 billion years ago.D How dust grains and gases form after the Big Bang.37. What does the astronomical object (paragraph 2) refer to?A The early universe.B Cosmic dark ages.C The first star formed in the universe.D Dust grains and gases.38. What does the word minute mean in the expression minute density variations?A A unit of time equal to one sixtieth of an hour.B A short interval of time.C Exceptionally large.D Exceptionally small.39. According to paragraph 4, what is NOT true about a protostar?A It had a mass of one percent of the sun.B It was developed into a massive star before the Big Bang.C It began to combine heavy elements after it evolved into a massive star.D It was evolved from pre-stellar gases.40. All except one of the following indicate the goals of the simulation project. Which one is it?A To know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe.B To apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation.C To know how a stellar object becomes a true