定語(yǔ)從句講解PPT圖表.ppt

定語(yǔ)從句Thebestwayyoucanget TheAttributiveClause 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) Complexsentence復(fù)合句 由連詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子 其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分 主句 另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分 如主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 復(fù)合句 主句 定語(yǔ)從句 一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分 主句 另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分 定語(yǔ) Thestudents whodonotstudyhard willnotpasstheexam 主句主語(yǔ) 從句主語(yǔ) 從句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 主句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 定語(yǔ)從句 是指在復(fù)合句中 修飾或的從句 被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 名詞 代詞 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 HowmanykindsofAttributiveClausesarethere 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句 TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語(yǔ)從句 TheNon RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞 指代人指代事物所屬關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間指原因 who whom thatwhich thatwhose ofwhichwherewhenwhy 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) amachine themachine Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) amachine that which 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì) Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary that who whom Thegirl 注意避免重復(fù) Correctthemistakes 1 Underthebigtreeare34students manyofthemcomefromclasstwo 2 Mymotherhasagoodbook whichcoverlooksterrible 3 Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore 4 Thereisanoldwoman thatisholdingastick whom whose it who 在句子中作定語(yǔ) 修飾名詞或代詞的從句 這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo) 并作句子成分 定語(yǔ)從句還叫做嵌入句 因形容詞定語(yǔ) 所以又稱之為形容詞性從句 Attributiveclause 定語(yǔ)從句的位置 通常在先行詞 在主句中 后 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 指人 指物 who 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) whom 賓語(yǔ) that 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) whose 定語(yǔ) that 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) which 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) whose 定語(yǔ) where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) why 原因狀語(yǔ) Attributiveclause 限制性定語(yǔ)從句restrictive 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句non restrictive 是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ) 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意義 這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切 寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開 和主句關(guān)系不很密切 只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加說(shuō)明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 這種從句 寫時(shí)往往逗號(hào)分開 Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited inmyoffice Jenny withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday livesinmynextroom Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain ThatisMr Wang whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool 注意 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that 指人時(shí)用who 主語(yǔ) whom 賓語(yǔ) 指物時(shí)須用which 考點(diǎn)一 如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞 1 找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全 如齊全用關(guān)系副詞 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞 Iwillneverforgetthedays Istayedwithyou when JurassicParkisaboutapark averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs where 1958wastheyear Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm Pleasegivemethereason youmadesuchagreatsuccess when why Morningisthebesttime youpractisereadingaloud when Doyourememberthelake youfirstmetyourgirlfriend where 2 如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ) 確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物動(dòng)詞 如是 用關(guān)系代詞 如不是 用關(guān)系副詞 考點(diǎn)一 如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive where inwhich Thehouse theybuiltin1987 stayedupintheearthquake whichthat Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknow werekilledintheearthquake whowhomthat Myfatherwasbornintheyear theSecondWorldWarbrokeout inwhich when 3 如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 有主語(yǔ) 則用關(guān)系副詞 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where October1stistheday newChinawasfounded when Thewindow wasopenedthismorning hasbeenbroken Whichthat Themeeting willbeheldnextweek isveryimportant Whichthat 考點(diǎn)一 如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞 考點(diǎn)二 that和which的選擇 1 that指物時(shí)一般可以與which互換 但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用that 不用which 當(dāng)先行詞為all much little few none something anything everything nothing等不定代詞時(shí) 如 a Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone b Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow c Thereislittle that theenemycandobesidessurrender 先行詞被all every no some any little much修飾時(shí) I vereadallthebooks that yougaveme 考點(diǎn)二 that和which的選擇 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) Thisisthebestbook that I veeverread Thisisthefirstcomposition that hehaswritteninEnglish 先行詞被theonly thevery thelast修飾時(shí) Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone that Ireallylike Thisistheverybook that Iwanttofind 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí) 這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用that而不用who whom 和which引導(dǎo) 如 Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools that hehadvisited 先行詞是疑問詞who which what時(shí) 定語(yǔ)從句用that而不用who whom 和which引導(dǎo) 考點(diǎn)二 that和which的選擇 Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí) Maryisnolongerthegirl that sheusedtobe Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe Which可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 可用于介詞后 其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞 也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分 1Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Theweatherturnedouttobegood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it 考點(diǎn)二 that和which的選擇 2 只用which的情況 B B 考點(diǎn)三 as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納 1 如果定語(yǔ)放主句后 即引用as也可以用which Hefailedtotheexam as which isnatural Sheseemsascientist as which infactsheis Grammarisnotadeadrule which as Ihavesaidbefore 2 如果從句在主句前 這時(shí)要用as而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 如 Asweallknow hisparentswerekilledinthewar Asweallknow theearthisround 3 用于thesame as such as as as so as 中 一般用as e g Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday 4 as代表前面主句意思時(shí) 有 正如 之意 而which沒有此意思 從句中的動(dòng)詞常是expect know see think want suppose等 Hewonthematch aswehadexpected Heagreedtotheplan aswastobeexpected Thepolicewerelookingforhim ashethought 考點(diǎn)三 as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift 5 as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如beknown besaid bereported等 如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般要用which作主語(yǔ) e g Shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected Tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy 6 如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用 或者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果 則用which a Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney whichwasverydisgraceful b Hecamebacklate whichmadehismotherworried 考點(diǎn)三 as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 考點(diǎn)四 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定 如何選定介詞 1 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系 請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì) e g Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配 如 e g CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI msure 3 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣 請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì) e g 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 4 非限制性定與從句中 要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí) 可用 數(shù)詞 代詞 of 關(guān)系代詞 的結(jié)構(gòu) 如 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 5 Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為 of 關(guān)系代詞 型 如 e g Theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth 考點(diǎn)四 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定 關(guān)系副詞when where why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~ which來(lái)替代 如 when in on at which where in on at which why for which介詞的位置非常靈活 有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前 有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后 eg 1 Iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich Iwasborn 2 Thisistheroomwhere inwhich Ilived ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin 3 Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 Tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedinTianjin 考點(diǎn)四 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定 思考 是否所有的介詞 關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替 Thepainting Ilooked waspaintedbyme atwhich Thebook Iheard waswrittentwentyyearsago aboutwhich Thepen shewrotethatbook cannowbeseeninamuseum withwhich Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where inwhich Iwillneverforgottheday Ifirstmetyouontheship onwhich when duringwhich Thefilm Ifellasleep wasveryboring 結(jié)論 只有當(dāng)介詞 關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 才能用關(guān)系副詞代替 Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 4 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget 去掉 theone to which 5 Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous that 5 Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom 6 Thestudentwho sbookIhadborroweddidn tcometoschooltoday 7 Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory 8 Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently 9 ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10 Whichisknowntoall manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky as Whose that that that As 能力提高 Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 3 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget to that 4 I mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme 5 Thosethathaven tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate which who Correctthesentences 6 ThisisthelasttimewhenI vegivenyoulessons 7 Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable that why Correctthesentences 8 MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool gives Correctthesentences 9 Taiwan thatweknow belongstoChina 10 ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis as on Correctthesentences 練習(xí)題 1 All isusefultousisgood A whichB whatC thatD whether C 2 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek A whereB thatC whichD theone D 3 Shewillneverforgettheday shespentinBeijing A whenB whatC whichD why C 4 Thisistheschool myfatherworked20yearsago A thatB whenC whichD where D 5 Thisistheveryfactory wevisitedlastyear A thatB whichC whatD theone A 6 Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories learntinthepastthreedays A thathaveB thathavebeenC whichhasD whichhasbeen B 7 Thecollegewon ttakeanyone eyesightisweak A whoB whoseC ofwhomD which B 8 Letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused A whereB thatC ofwh