常用詞語辨析.doc

1a bit/ a little 這兩個(gè)詞都意為“一點(diǎn)兒”有時(shí)可以互換，但有時(shí)不能。二者作程度副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或比較級(jí)時(shí)，意義相同，為“一點(diǎn)兒” “有些”。如： I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有點(diǎn)餓。 He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有點(diǎn)慢。二者都可以作名詞詞組，充當(dāng)主語或賓語。如： A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一點(diǎn)兒就夠了。 I know only a little / a bit about her. 我對(duì)她的情況只了解一點(diǎn)。a little可直接修飾名詞；a bit后須加of才可以。如：. There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.注意 a little of 后的名詞通常特指，表“中的一些”，如： May I have a little of your tea?. 否定形式 not a little 作狀語，相當(dāng)于very/ quite, “很”， “非?！?；作定語和賓語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于much, 意為 “許多”。而not a bit 作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于not at all, 意為“一點(diǎn)也不”，作賓語時(shí)則相當(dāng)于not much. Eg: He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他餓極了。 He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一點(diǎn)也不餓。 She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。. Not a bit 中的not 可以分開使用；not a little中的not 則不能分開。Eg: He felt not a bit tired. = He didnt feel a bit tired. 他覺得一點(diǎn)也不累。 He felt not a little tired. 他覺得非常累。但不能說：He didnt fell a little tired.2a few/ few/ a little/ little. a few和few修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little和little修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a few和a little表示肯定意義，few和little表示否定意義，可受only修飾。如： Few people will agree to the plan because its too dangerous.This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some Dont worry, we have a little time left.3about/ on.about “關(guān)于”表示的內(nèi)容較為普通或指人時(shí)用它。側(cè)重于敘事，多用于敘述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和事跡，故事內(nèi)容涉及一些較淺的問題。是非正式用語。.on “關(guān)于”側(cè)重于論述政治理論，國際形勢(shì)，學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告等。也就是說，當(dāng)表示這本書，這篇文章或演說是嚴(yán)肅的或?qū)W術(shù)性的可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀時(shí)用。eg:This is a text book on African history. 這是一本關(guān)于非州歷史的教科書。注：它們有時(shí)可通用。4above/over/on/upon. 方位介詞，“在之上”. above 著重指：在上方，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反義詞為：below. The sun rose above the horizon. 太陽升到了地平線上。 The aero plane flew above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。.over 表蓋在上面，或鋪在上面。此時(shí)不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反義詞為under. Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布鋪在桌子上。. on 含有與表面相接觸的意思。 The book is on the desk. There is an oil painting on the wall. 墻上有一幅油畫。.upon 也含有和表面相接觸的意思。與on沒有多大的區(qū)別，但較正式，口語中較少用。 He laid his hand upon the boys head. 他把手放在孩子的頭上。注 up 與以上幾個(gè)不同，它表示向上方或高處，含有由下而上，由低而高的意思。常和表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞連用。作副詞時(shí)，表示在上方或高處。 We run up a hill. 我們跑上山。 The plane was high up in the air.飛機(jī)在高空中。5accident/incident “事故”. accident 可以表示事故，指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。 Twenty people were killed in the railway accident He met with an accident. 這完全是偶然的事。. Incident 的意思是事件，尤指與較重大的事件相比，顯得不重要的事件。它還可以表引起國際爭(zhēng)端或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的事件。 It is a quite common incident.這是很普通的事。 The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 蘆溝橋事件發(fā)生于1937年7月7日。6accept/receive. accept “接受”，表示其行為是由主觀意愿決定的。 I accepted it without question. 我毫無疑問地接受了它。 We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建議。. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行為與主觀意愿無關(guān)。如： I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的來信。 He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了禮物，但沒有接受下來。 He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。注 在表示接待、接見時(shí)，通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.如：We often receive foreign guests. 我們經(jīng)常接待外賓。7 at hand/ in hand . at hand“在手邊；在附近；即將到來”如： When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 他寫東西時(shí)，手邊總有一本字典。 Spring is at hand. 春天就要來了。. in hand “在手中的；現(xiàn)有的”引申為：“在掌握中；在處理中”。如： I have 100 yuan in hand. 我手頭有100元錢。 The police immediately had the situation in hand. 警方立即控制了局勢(shì)。8accurate/exact/correct. accurate “準(zhǔn)確、精確” 不僅表無錯(cuò)誤，且表細(xì)心，謹(jǐn)慎地做到符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，符合事實(shí)或真象。如： Clocks in railway stations must be accurate.火車站的鐘必須準(zhǔn)確。 The figures are not accurate.這些數(shù)字不精確。. exact “精確、確切”強(qiáng)調(diào)完全符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，符合事實(shí)或真象，絲毫沒有差錯(cuò)。它這三個(gè)中語意最強(qiáng)。如： His translation is exact to the letter. 他的翻譯翻譯確切。 Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很確切。.correct. “正確”指按照一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)則，而沒有錯(cuò)誤。在這有一個(gè)詞中，它的語意最弱。 His answer is correct. 他的回答是正確的。 The thing turned out to be correct. 事情結(jié)果是對(duì)的。9ache/pain “痛”. ache 通常指一種持續(xù)的隱痛。 它可以與表身體某部分的詞，組成復(fù)合詞。如： Where is the ache? 哪里痛？ I have a headache (stomachache, toothache atc). pain 是普通用語。不含持續(xù)痛的意味，尤指一種突然的劇痛。除指肉體上的外，還指精神的痛苦。如： I feel a great deal of pain. 我感到非常痛。 He cried with pain. 他痛得直叫。 I have a pain in the arm. 我手臂痛。 I have pains all over. 我渾身痛。 It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 聽到不幸的消息很悲痛。10across/through/ over. across “橫過、穿過”，指從的一邊到另一邊。含義與on有關(guān)。如： I swam across the river. 我游過這條河（指從此岸到彼岸） Lets help push the cart across the bridge.我們幫著把車子推過橋吧。. through “穿過、通過”指穿過兩邊。是從空間較狹窄的一頭穿到另一頭。是從內(nèi)部穿過，含義與in有關(guān)。如： We walked through the forest. 我們穿過森林。 The river flows through the city from west to east. 這條河從西到東流過城市。. over“橫過、跨越”指橫過道路、河流等“細(xì)長物”時(shí)，與across通用。Over 雖可指從表面的接觸及跳（飛）越，但指渡過則不能用。從房間、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端橫越到另一端時(shí)也不能使用。而常用across. She went across / over the bridge. He jumped across / over the stream他跳過了小溪。 She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游過了多佛爾海峽。 They drove across the desert. 他們駛過沙漠。另外，over作介詞還有“翻過”的意思，如：climb the mountain 翻過那座山。11affair/matter/business. affair “事、事情、事務(wù)”它的涵義最廣，可指已經(jīng)發(fā)生或必須做的任何事情， 也可泛指事務(wù)（通常用算數(shù)，指重大或頭緒較多的事務(wù)）。如： The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火車事故是件可怕的事。 Thats my affair, not yours. 那是我的事， 不是你的。 We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我們要關(guān)心國家大事。. matter“事、事情” 是普通用語，常指我們所寫到或談到的事情，要考慮和處理的事情。如： This is a matter I know little about. 這件事我不大知道。 Ill ask some one about the matter.關(guān)于這件事我將去問問人。 There are several matters to be considered. 有幾件事情要考慮。注：在口語中，be the matter 相當(dāng)于be wrong, 表發(fā)生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如： Whats the matter? 怎么啦？Whats the matter with you? 你怎么啦？. business“生意、商業(yè)”產(chǎn)普通用語。它表“事情、事務(wù)”時(shí)，往往指一種任務(wù)、責(zé)任或必須去做的事。此外，它有時(shí)還含有輕蔑的意味。如： We dont do much business with them.我們跟他們沒有多少生意來往。 It is a teachers business to help his pupils.幫助學(xué)生是教師的責(zé)任。 He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把為一位老大娘挑水當(dāng)作自己的事。 Its not your business.這不是你的事。注：這三個(gè)詞有時(shí)可通用，但不能任意替換。如：Mind your own business.少管閑事。這里的business 可用affairs 替換，但不能用 matters.12afraid/ fear/ frightened. afraid “害怕”是形容詞，只能作表語，而不能作定語，后接of 短語或不定式，構(gòu)成be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。 The little girl is afraid to go out at night.afraid +that clause “恐怕”，是婉轉(zhuǎn)拒絕別人的一種表達(dá)方式。如： Im afraid (that) I cant go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去參加聚會(huì)了。我弟弟病了。. fear “害怕”是動(dòng)詞，與be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特別是在口語中）。如： We fear no difficulty.我們不怕困難。 e feared to speak his mind.他不敢說出自己的想法。 Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因?yàn)榕滤麜?huì)受涼，我走去看他。. frightened adj “受驚嚇的、害怕的”可做表語，也可作定語。如： She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能動(dòng)彈。 A frightened girl is crying. 一個(gè)受驚的女孩正在哭。13 feel like / would like.feel like 與would like 意思很相近，但feel like 后面常跟名詞；動(dòng)名詞。構(gòu)成：feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名詞；動(dòng)詞不定式。構(gòu)成：would like (to do) sth.的句式。如： I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？ I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃東西。.feel like 還表示：“覺得好像，摸起來像”。如： It feels like silk. 它摸起來像綢緞。14. after/behind“在之后”. after “在（時(shí)間）之后”；“在（地點(diǎn)）之后”，指次序。如： He came after ten oclock. 他十點(diǎn)以后來的。 Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到達(dá)兩天以后，我拜訪了他。 Against comes after again in this cictionary.在這本字典中 against 排在again 之后。. behind 表地點(diǎn)時(shí)意為：在后面、著重指位置的前后。偶爾也指時(shí)間，表按照一定的時(shí)刻而遲了的意思。 The garden is behind the house. He stood behind me. The train was behind time. 火車誤點(diǎn)了。 You are two hours behind. 你遲了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。15. ago/before. ago adv. “以前”指從此刻起，若干時(shí)間以前，通常與過去連用。如： It happened two days ago.這件事發(fā)生在兩天以前。 I met him a few minutes ago.我在幾分鐘以前碰到他。. before adv, prep & conj “以前”指從那時(shí)起若干時(shí)間以前。通常與完成時(shí)、過去時(shí)等連用。還可用作前置詞或連接詞表時(shí)間，而ago 則不能這樣用。 He said that he had seen her two days before.他說他兩天前見到過她。（表從她說話那時(shí)起兩天前） I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天氣很好。 Ive seen that film before. I never met him before.16. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on). agree to “同意、應(yīng)允”通常用于同意某件事情（我們可以同意我們自己有不同看法而并不贊同的事情）。如： Do you agree to this plan? He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提議。 I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的條件。. agree with “同意、贊同”常常表示同某人意見一致，也可表贊同某件事情。還有“（氣候、食物等）適合”之意。如： I quite agree with you.我很同意你。 Do you agree with me ? I agree with all you say.我同意你所說的。 His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。 Too much meat doesnt agree with her.吃太多肉對(duì)她身體不合適。注：agree with 不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。. agree on /upon “對(duì)取得一致意見”指兩方或多方就某個(gè)問題取得了一致的意見或達(dá)成了某種協(xié)議。如： After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 經(jīng)過討論，雙方就?；饐栴}達(dá)成了協(xié)議。 They all agree on the plan.他們對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃意見一致。注：此句型可轉(zhuǎn)換成agree in doing sth.如： All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他們對(duì)做這個(gè)問題達(dá)成了共識(shí)。17 at times / at all times / all the time. at times “不時(shí)；偶爾”如： The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有時(shí)漲得高。 I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我說英語偶爾會(huì)出錯(cuò)。. at all times.“隨時(shí)；任何時(shí)候；總是” 如：He has a cool head at all times. 他隨時(shí)都有清醒的頭腦。. all the time “一直；始終” 其中time用單數(shù)形式。如：The baby cries all the time. 那嬰兒一直哭。18. aim/ purpose/ object. aim “目的”指抱有一種明確的目的，并意味著為之實(shí)現(xiàn)而竭盡全力。如： Whats your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么？ The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.黨的最終目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義。. purpose “目的”指心中有打算，并意味著對(duì)所作的打算有較大的決心。如： It was done with a definite purpose. 做這件事具有一個(gè)明確的目的。 For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在？. object “目的” 含有比較具體的意味。往往指在我們的行為中，需要或希望直接達(dá)到的目的。如： The object of my visit is to consult you. 我訪問的目的是來和你商量。 What is your object in studying English? 你學(xué)英文的目的何在？注：以上這幾個(gè)詞的涵義雖有差別，但在語言實(shí)踐中，常被毫無區(qū)別地使用著。19. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead. alive adj“活著的”“在世的”，它既可修飾人也可修飾物?？勺鞅碚Z，定語。作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后。如： They were alive and as happy as ever. 他們都還活著，并跟以前一樣快活。 All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都還活著亡了，他是唯一的幸存者。.living adj,“活著的”主要用著定語，常置于名詞前，有時(shí)也可置于名詞后。也可作表語。如： Every living person has a name. 每個(gè)活著的人都有一個(gè)名字。 No man living could do better. 當(dāng)代人沒有一個(gè)能做得比這更好。. the living “活著的人”如：The living are more important to us than the dead.對(duì)我們來說活著的人比死了的人更重要。. live adj. “活著的”讀著laiv,反義詞為 dead, 可作定語，放在所修飾的名詞之前，一般不用來修飾人。 還可以作動(dòng)詞，讀著liv, 意為“生活”、“生存”如： The cat was playing with a live mouse.這只貓?jiān)谕媾恢换罾鲜蟆?Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊貓通常生活在中國的南部和東南部。. lively adj. laivli(livelier, liveliest) “生動(dòng)的”；“活潑的”；“充滿生氣的”用作表語或定語，可用來修飾人或物。如：The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行著各種球類比賽，呈現(xiàn)出一派生氣勃勃的景象。20. all/ every. all 和 every 意思十分相近，二者都可用來泛指人或物。但all可與算數(shù)的名詞連用，而every 只能與單數(shù)的名詞連用。如： All Mondays are horrible. 星期一總是可怕的。 Every Monday is horrible. 每個(gè)星期一都是可怕的。. all 和 every 也可用來指某一類東西中的個(gè)體。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定詞”，而every后卻不能。它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)無一例外的意思。-She is eaten all the biscuitsbiskit. What, every one? Every single one! 她把餅干都吃光了。怎么，把每一塊都吃光了嗎？每一塊全都吃了！. all 還可和單數(shù)名詞連用，表示every past of 而every卻不能有此義。如：She was here all day. 她在這呆了一整天。21. all/ whole. 二者意義（“全部、都、整個(gè)”）相同，然而詞序不同。. all用于冠詞，所有格或其它“限定詞”之前。 whole 則用于冠詞之后。如： all the time. the whole time.全部時(shí)間 all my life the whole life.我的一生 all this confusion this whole confusion.整個(gè)混亂狀況。. 如果沒有冠詞，或其它限定詞，whole不能與單數(shù)名詞連用?？梢哉f： The whole city was burning.但不能說： Whole London was burning.whole 和 all 與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)意思不同。Whole 的意思為“全部”，而all的意思則近乎“每一個(gè)”如： All Indian tribes(traib部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。 Whole Indian tribes were killed off.有些印第安人部落整個(gè)被殺光了。. whole 一般不用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞（包括物質(zhì)名詞） 可以說：all the money 或all the wine 不可以說：the whole money 或the whole wine. The whole of = whole 與單數(shù)名詞連用。它用于冠詞、所有格之前。the whole of the time. the whole of my lifethe whole of this confusion22allow/ permit/ let/ promise. allow“允許、許可”，一般指聽任，或默許某人去做什么，含有消極地不反對(duì)的意味。如： We allowed him to depart.我們?cè)试S他離去。 Who allowed you to leave the camp?誰允許你離開營地的？ I cant allow you to do that.我不能允許你做那件事。allow 也可表客氣的請(qǐng)求。如 Will you allow me to use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎？. permit “允許、許可”但是正式地許可，含有比較積極地同意某人去做什么的意味。如： I will permit him to do so. 我準(zhǔn)備同意他這樣做。 The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.當(dāng)這群陌生人說出口令后，哨兵就允許他們通過了。注：allow 與 permit 的涵義雖有差別，但在語言實(shí)踐中，它們常常被通用著。如： Smoking is not allowed here.此處禁止吸煙。 Smoking is not permitted in this theatre. 本戲院里禁止吸煙. let.“允許、讓”它可以指積極地允許，但更多的是著重指不予反對(duì)和阻止其后所跟的賓語要接不帶to 的不定式用以表示客氣的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，可與allow通用。且更具有口語色彩。如： Her father will not let her go.她父親不會(huì)讓她去。 Dont let this happen again. 不要讓這種事發(fā)生了。 Please let me know what happens.請(qǐng)告訴我發(fā)生些什么事。. promise “答應(yīng)” “允諾”。與以上三個(gè)詞的意義不同，用于主體答應(yīng)自己要作什么的場(chǎng)合。如： He promised to begin at once.他答應(yīng)立刻開始。 I promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly. 我答應(yīng)（他）立即處理這件事。 They promised an immediate reply.他們答應(yīng)立即答復(fù)。阻止t.ng is not permitted in this theatre. the countersign.23almost/ nearly. almost“差不多、幾乎”有very, nearly 的意思。如： He has almost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作。 Almost no one took any rest. 幾乎沒有一個(gè)人休息一下。. nearly “差不多、幾乎、將近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如： Its nearly five oclock.差不多五點(diǎn)鐘了。 Nearly everyone knows it. 幾乎每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)。 Hes nearly ready. 他快準(zhǔn)備好了。注：almost有時(shí)可與nearly通用，但當(dāng)其與no, none, nothing, never連用時(shí)，不用nearly。如以上almost的例可以互換，但例則不能。24alone/ lonely. alone adj. “單獨(dú)的”只能作表語。如： Im alone but I dont fell lonely.我單身一人但我從不覺得孤獨(dú)。 此外alone 還可作副詞。相當(dāng)于by oneself,“單獨(dú)地”“獨(dú)自” Ill go there alone.我將獨(dú)自去那兒。. lonely adj. “孤獨(dú)的”“寂寞的”有時(shí)還可表示“荒涼的”“無人煙的”意思,與deserted意思相同。含有較濃的情感色彩。既可作定語也可作表語。如： Were together most of the time, so we never feel lonely. a lonely / deserted island25aloud/ loud/ loudly. aloud adv. “出聲地”有使能聽得到的意味。如： Please read the story aloud. 請(qǐng)朗讀這個(gè)故事。 They were shouting aloud.他們?cè)诟呗暤睾艉啊? loud. adv “高聲地、大聲地、響亮地”常指在說笑等方面。如： Dont talk so loud. 不要如此高聲地談話。 Speak louder. 說得大聲點(diǎn)。. loudly adv. “高聲地”有時(shí)與loud 通用，但含有喧鬧的意味。如： Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大聲敲門。 Dont talk so loudly（loud）. 不要如此高聲地談話。26already/ yet /still. already. adv. “已經(jīng)”多用于肯定句中，通常與動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。也可用于疑問句，但不表真心的疑問，而表“驚奇”。它多置于句中。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而置于句末。如： Ive seen the film already. The train has already left. 火車已經(jīng)開走了。 Have you already had breakfast? 難道你已經(jīng)吃過早餐了？. yet adv “已經(jīng)、仍然、還”一般只用于否定句或疑問句，且常常置于句末。如： He hasnt found his bike yet他還沒有找到他的自行車。. still adv “仍然、還”可用于各種句中，且一般只用于句中。如： Do you still teach in that school? 你還在那所學(xué)校教書？注：still在句中的位置不同，其意義也不同。如： He is still（還）standing there. He is standing there still（adj.不動(dòng)的、靜止的）他站在那兒一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。27also/ as well/ too/ either “也”. also較正式，位置通?？拷鼊?dòng)詞，用于句中；且用于肯定句中。如： He also plays football. 他也踢足球。 I was also there.我也在那兒。. too 多用于口語，通常置于句末，前邊須用逗號(hào)隔開，也可用于句中，且前后均須用逗號(hào)隔開，；用于肯定句中。如： He is a worker, too. The two cows, too, are white.那兩頭奶牛也全都是白的。. as well 是副詞短語，多用于口語，只用于句末。如： She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教過我們英語，還教過我們數(shù)學(xué)。 He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教師，也是一位作家。. either 用于否定句中，常置于句末。在肯定句變否定句時(shí)，其中的also, too, as well都要改為either. Yesterday I didnt watch TV and I didnt see the film, either.昨天我沒有看電視，也沒有看電影。28for / from / since. 三者都能用來表示時(shí)間，但用法不同。 since “自從”，所表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)?？捎米鹘樵~，也可用作連詞，后接時(shí)間名詞或短語，或引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；要求前面的謂語動(dòng)詞或主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須用完成時(shí)態(tài)，要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。而since引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常應(yīng)是短暫性的動(dòng)詞。若接時(shí)間，則應(yīng)為點(diǎn)時(shí)間。如： He has worked there since1989. She has lived here since she moved here. from “自從” 只用作介詞，表一個(gè)事情的開始點(diǎn)，可用于過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)態(tài)。如： They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning. We have been good friends from childhood. for 作為介詞，后面接段時(shí)間，用于完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)，句中要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： Well stay here for ten minutes.我們將在這兒呆10分鐘。 They have studied English for three yeas.29although/ though. although conj. “盡管、雖然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 though. 只是比though稍微正式些。多用于句首。though 用于非正式文體中，較普遍，但以下幾種用法，不能用although. 如： 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用even though,如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling.盡管我一字不識(shí)，我還是一直微笑著。. Though可用在倒裝句中，如：Young though he is, he is quite experienced.他雖然年輕，但很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 though 可作副詞，表示“然而”放在句末或其它位置。如：He said he would come, he didnt though.他說他要來，結(jié)果他卻沒來。此外，although不用著副詞。在英語中如果用了although 或 though, 就不能再有but,但可以用yet 或still; 反之，如果用了but , 就不能用although 和 though. 如： Although he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard. = He is in poor health, but he works hard.雖然他身體不好，但他工作仍努力。Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.雖然天氣很冷，他未穿外衣就出去了。 He is quite strong, although very old. 他雖然很老了，但還是十分健壯。. though 常用作連詞，“雖然”。在口語中還用著副詞，一般放在句末，意為“可是、然而”等。如： He didnt light the fire, though it was cold. 天氣雖很冷，他卻還沒生火。 Though it was very late, he went on working.雖然很晚了，他還是繼續(xù)工作。 He said he would come, he didnt, though. 他說他來，可是結(jié)果他沒有來。30 always / yet. always “總是；一直”常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用。有時(shí)也與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用， 但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而是表示“贊嘆、厭煩、不滿”等情緒。常用于肯定句中，放在“三類詞”(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞本書稱為“三類詞”)之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。如： We always get up before six oclock. 我們總是六點(diǎn)前起床。 He is always thinking of others. 他總是想著別人。. yet. “仍然；還”常與not連用。用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：He hasnt finished the work yet. 他還沒完成這項(xiàng)工作。31always/ often/ frequently/ often/usually/ sometimes/ never. 這幾個(gè)詞都是表頻度的副詞，它們之間的區(qū)別可用百分比來區(qū)分：（0%）（20%） 70%）（75%）（100%）從不 有時(shí) 時(shí)常 通常 總是 即：never(0%)sometimes(20%)often/frequently(70%)usually(75%)always(100%) always “永遠(yuǎn)、總是”。與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí)，表“再三地、老是”等意思。有時(shí)還表“生氣或不耐煩”等盛情色彩。如： The sun always rises in the east.太陽總是從東方升起。 I always get up at seven oclock. 我總是在七點(diǎn)鐘起身。 The boy is always asking whys.這男孩老是問這問那沒個(gè)完。 often “時(shí)常、常?！睆?qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性。如： He often comes here to see me. 他時(shí)常到這兒來看我。 We have often been there. frequently “時(shí)常、屢次”常與often 通用。但它強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)頻繁。如： Business frequently brings him to Shanghai.他時(shí)常因事到上海去。 He frequently comes here to see her.他時(shí)常到這兒來看她。 usually “經(jīng)?！逼鋭?dòng)作頻率僅次于always.常常與一般過時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用。 I usually get up at six in the morning. never “從不”是否定副詞。常常與完成時(shí)連用。 I have never been to the Great Wall. She said she had never gone there.頻繁ten uently es here to see me. t.uently(70%)usually(75%)always(100%)32 edge / side.edge側(cè)重于指很窄的 “邊緣”, 如刀刃或沿邊的一部分.如:Put some salt on the edge of your pl