語音基礎知識.doc

語音基礎知識一、英語字母： 1.英語中有26個字母，其中5個元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。 它們的音標分別是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, /, /ju:/。剩下的21個字母都是輔音字母。英語字母發(fā)音表A a/ei/B b/bi:/C c/si:/D d/di:/E e/i:/F f/ef/G g/ i:/H h/ei/I i/ai/J j/ ei/K k/kei/L l/el/M m/em/N n/en/O o/P p/pi:/Q q/kju:/R r/a:/S s/es/T t/ti;/U u/ju:/V v/vi:/W w/dblju:/X x/eks/Y y/wai/Z z/zi:/或/zed/英語國際音標表（48個）元音（20個）元音 : (發(fā)音響亮 , 口腔中氣流不受阻礙 , 是音節(jié)的主要組成部分。)單元音（12個）長元音a: i: u:短元音 iue 雙元音（8個）ai ei i i u au輔音（28個）（清濁成對的輔音11對）發(fā)音不響亮，口腔中氣流受到阻礙，不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分輕輔音ptk fs htstr濁輔音bdgv z rdzdr單個輔音（6個） 鼻音 m n 半元音jw 邊音 l開音節(jié)1)相對開音節(jié)(重讀開音節(jié))元音字母+輔音字母（除r）+不發(fā)音e） 元音字母按字母名稱讀音或長音。 如 :kite name bike make plane shine these home excuse like remove特殊：have2)絕對開音節(jié)：輔音字母+ 元音字母 如 :he hi go no do be tree three hello在重讀的開音節(jié)中元音字母按字母名稱讀音。閉音節(jié) : 以一個或幾個輔音字母（ r 除外）結尾而中間只有一個元音字母的音節(jié)，稱為閉音節(jié)。1) 輔音 + 元音 + 輔音 如 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2) 元音 + 輔音(重讀閉音節(jié)) 如 : map ， desk ， is,man, sad, dad在重讀的閉音節(jié)中元音字母讀做短元音。 重讀音節(jié)：指在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞中有一個發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)，叫重讀音節(jié)，用重音符號“”標于相應位置，其他音節(jié)為非重讀音節(jié)，如begin |bigin|，單音節(jié)詞作重讀處理，但不標重音符號.重讀閉音節(jié)就是元音不發(fā)字母本身音（重讀閉音節(jié)三要素：1. 必須是重讀音節(jié)； 2. 最后只有一個輔音字母；3. 元音字母發(fā)短元音。） (兩個輔音間夾著一個元音) sitsitting beginbeginning admit-admitted重讀開音節(jié)和重讀閉音節(jié)可以這樣區(qū)別：看末尾的音節(jié)，你比如：like, ride, strike等一系列單詞，它們的最后一個音節(jié)都是二元夾一輔，即兩個元音中間夾一個輔音，類似的單詞就叫重讀開音節(jié)；而比如：map, bag, forget等類似的單詞的末尾是兩輔夾一元，即最后的音節(jié)是兩個輔音夾一個元音，這樣的單詞就叫重讀閉音節(jié)。一個單詞，不管它有多長，你只看它的最后一個音節(jié)即可。非重讀音節(jié)：在雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞中，重讀音節(jié)之外的音節(jié)稱為非重讀音節(jié)。例如：字母a,o,u在非重讀音節(jié)中一般讀 或i。如：banana today police 字母e,i,y在非重讀音節(jié)中，一般讀i或，或不發(fā)音behind different toilet duty student 一、“oo”發(fā)音口訣“oo”讀 blood flood /u:/ noon cool boot/u/ good cook wooden1、k、d 之前除食物、心情、面條，大家都來讀短音，f、l、m、n 、s、t、th 之前除去腳、羊毛、羊毛的，大家都來讀長音；classroom、bedroom 復合名詞，請讀短音別含糊，動物園、也、選、房、軍隊、松的請讀長音莫彷徨。 “血”與“洪水”真特殊，“oo”讀細分辨，2、“教室、臥室、好、腳、站在木毛上，遇到老K發(fā)短音”注：“教室、臥室、好、腳、站在木羊毛上”短?！奔矗篶lassroom, bedroom,good, foot, stood, wood ,wool羊毛.二、動詞或名詞詞尾加-s或-es的發(fā)音：(清對清，濁對濁，元音后面也對濁)1在清輔音后面讀s works stops clocks shops desks2在濁輔音和元音后面讀z runs sings stays balls radios 3在s、z、 、音后的-es讀iz dances watches washes bridges roses oranges4在詞尾-ies中讀iz studies countries5 在t 后讀ts cats lots sits lifts texts its6 在d后讀dz friends beds sands reads hides 三、動詞詞尾加“ed”后的發(fā)音規(guī)則(清對清，濁對濁，元音后面也對濁) 以t、d結尾加ed發(fā)id在濁輔音后面 d called moved welcomed rained questioned begged believed 在清輔音后面 t asked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached元音后面 d borrowed enjoyed answered repaired stayed cried以-t結尾的單詞 id wantedwntid startedsta:tid fitted countedkauntid 以-d結尾的單詞 id neededni:did nodded decided四、n 發(fā)/n/或者/n在k、g音前讀sink think bank blanket angry anger hungry hunger language English twinklecontinent ancient miner president journal finally pardon onceorange /n/handkerchief(手帕) /五、th的發(fā)音、 think thank month mouth their than clothes smoothSome youths with wreaths are walking along the paths to have baths in their houses with something in their mouths. (ths-z) houseshauziz高中一年級英語語音練習題高考給出的五個語音的試題，它一般是三元兩輔，考的是三個題是元音的題，兩個是輔音的題。1. honest A heart B hire C hour D human2. hunt A finger B think C language D recognize3. experience A exercise B explanation C experiment D extra4. nature A natural B native C international D adventure5 question A emotion B situation C suggestion D information6.peace A leader B breakfast C pleasure D pleasant7.include A pollution B publish C gun D hunt8.present A medal B prepare C effect D complete9.point A bank B think C final D ink10.ancient A custom B curtain C actor D official11.character A chance B headache C choice D match12.shoulder A should B could C would D chose13.cycle A joy B plenty C young D July14.foot A blood B cool C pool D cook15.mean A meant B pleasant C dead D seaside16exist A exercise B explain C excuse D example17.unfair A unless B uncle C unite D unusual18.breathe A tenth B worth C health D clothes19.houses A roses B buses C horses D faces20.roof A food B book C stood D wooden 21.nature A national B natural C nation D international22. wonder A dragon B across C discover D decorate23.pages A faces B tapes C besides D drives24.question A revolution B education C suggestion D reception25.official A pencil B physical C affect D special26.realize A theatre Bweather C break D breath 27.hear A. nearly B. search C. bear D. heart 28. museum A. subject B. true C. huge D. busy29. stop A. loseB. woman C. lock D. rose30.honest A.host B.hour C.habit D.husband31.occur A.ocean B.possible C.position D.offer32.enough A.touch B.mouth C.soul D.shout33.wear A.near B.require C.cheer D.share34.watched A.judged B.worked C.refused D.wanted35.passenger A.sugar B.organize C.strange D. together36.chemistry A. stomach B. achieve C. check D.machine37.club A. pollution B. struggle C. useful D.bury38.majority A. baggage B. attract C. Canadian D. magazine39.area A. theatre B. breathe C. break D. heaven40success A.officialBexcuseC.correctD.exciting41society A.achieveB.friend C.scienceD.believe42theirs A.threadB.smooth C.thirstyD.bealth43.raise A.remainB.certain C.moantainD.pare A.company B.continue C.commonD.concert45.again A. cabbage B. narrow C. famous D. tradition46. custom A. measure B. upstairs C. respect D. sugar47. twice A. machine B. invite C. terrible D. bitter48. doubt A. amount B. trouble C. shoulder D. group49.north A. thunder B. worthy C. neither D. clothes50.permit Afirst .behind C.island D. smile51.question A.revolution B.exhibition C.suggestion D.education52.empty A.toilet .dozen .general .connect53.social A.precious .certain .discovery .decision54.forget A.ordinary .major .world .report55. regard A. design B. ge