九年級英語新目標過去完成時態(tài)輔導.doc

中考英語定語從句復習定語從句的概述在復合句中修飾或限定名詞、代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾或限定的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞；引導定語從句的詞叫做引導詞。定語從句放在所修飾、限定的詞（先行詞）之后。例1：The boy who is reading a story book is my brother. 那個正在讀一本故事書的男孩是我的兄弟。在這句話中，who is reading a story book.是定語從句。它修飾、限定the boy，the boy是先行詞，引導定語從句的who是引導詞。定語從句的分類定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面，用來說明先行詞的性質、身份、特征等狀況，與先行詞的關系非常密切，翻譯時一般要譯到先行詞的前面；如果去掉，則整個句子的意思含混不清。A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 醫(yī)生是照顧人們健康的人。非限制性定語從句起到補充說明作用，譯為漢語時常不譯作定語，而是根據(jù)句意譯為相應的其他形式的從句。它與主句的關系不如限制性定語從句密切，只是對先行詞作附加說明，既使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。非限制性定語從句前往往有逗號與主句隔開，如非限制性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號與隔開。Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.昨天，吉米動身到加拿大去了，他曾在那兒呆了兩年。定語從句的引導詞引導定語從句的詞稱為引導詞，它一方面連接先行詞和定語從句；別一方面又在定語從句中充當句子成份，如例1中的who，以定語從句中作主語。引導詞一般不能按照疑問代詞或疑問副詞的意義進行翻譯，一般情況下應譯為“的”。定語從句的引導詞可為分為關系代詞和關系副詞。I. 關系代詞關系代詞代替的是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并且在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成份。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。關系代詞在從句是作賓語時?？墒÷?。常見的關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。1. 當先行詞指人時，使用who或whom，如果在從句中作主語，則用who；作賓語，則用whom，但在口語中，?？捎脀ho代替whom，也可以省略。Whom 作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的后面。The boy who can play basketball well is our monitor. 那個籃球打得好的男孩是我們的班長。The man (whom) we met at the school gate is an English teacher. 我們在學校門口遇到的那個人是一位英語教師。 The woman to whom you talked is Kangkangs mother. = The woman (whom) you talked to is Kangkangs mother 那位與你談話的婦女是康康的媽媽。2. 當先行詞指物時，使用which，在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時?？墒÷浴hich 作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的后面。The books which were bought last week will be sent to poor children. 上周買的那些書將被送給貧困孩子。 He gave me the ball (which) we bought last week. 他把我們上周買的球給了我。Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. =Dont bring children to see the animals (which) they are afraid of.不在帶孩子去看那些他們害怕的動物。3. Whose 引導的定語從句的先行詞可以是人也可以是物，whose在從句中作定語。Whose 作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的后面。The man whose coat is blue is cleaning the room. 那個穿藍上衣的人在打掃房間。The book whose cover is red is an English book. 那本紅色封面的書是一本英語書。The boss in whose factory I worked is a very kind person. = The boss whose factory I worked in is a very kind person.我工作的那個工廠的老板是一個非常和善的人。4. that引導的定語從句的先行詞既可指人也可指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴hat在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞一般不放在它的前面。The new job that I found was to be a teacher. 我新找的工作是當老師。He is the teacher that we met at the bus stop. 他就是我們昨天在公共汽車站遇到的那位老師。The village that he lives in is very far away. 他所居住的村子非常遠。 關系代詞在定語從句中作短語動詞的賓語時，此時關系代詞前的介詞應是短語動詞固定搭配中的那一個介詞。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。5. 當先行詞指人時that一般可以與who 通用；當先行詞指物時，that一般可以與which通用。但是當先行詞符合下列條件之一時，只能用that. 當先行詞指物為不定代詞時，只用that引導定語從句。Ive forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我在學校學的東西我全忘記了。 當先行詞是最高級或被最高級所修飾時，只能用that引導定語從句。This is the best way that we can raise money. 這是我們可以籌錢的最好方法。 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時，只能用that引導定語從句。He is the first person that I met this morning. 他是我今天早上見到的第一個人。 當先行詞被only, very, just, last, one of, all no, little, few, any等詞修飾時，只能用that引導定語從句。It is one of the beautiful views that I have seen. 這是我所見到的最美的風景之一。 當先行詞既有人又有物時，只能用that引導定語從句。We talked the things and persons that we were interested in. 我們談論我們感興趣的人和事。 如果有兩個從句，其中一個用了who (which)來引導，則另一個用that以避免重復。He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.他建造了工廠要生產(chǎn)一些我們以前沒見過的東西。 當先行詞被the only, the very, the some, the last等詞修飾時，只能用that引導定語從句。 This is the last place that I want to visit. 這是我想?yún)⒂^的最后一個地方。6. 當先行詞指物時，that一般可以與which通用。但是當先行詞符合下列條件之一時，只能用which. 當作主語或賓語的關系代詞前有介詞時，只能用which. This is the house of which the windows face south. 這是那間窗戶朝南的房子。 在引導非限制性定語從句時，which可代表先行詞或前面的一句話，譯成“這一點，這件事”。 He passed the exam, which made us very happy. 他通過了考試，這使得我們非常高興。 先行詞為that, those時，引導詞用which. Whats that which on the table? 桌子上是什么？7. 當先行詞指人時that一般可以與who 通用。但是當先行詞符合下列條件之一時，只能用who. 當先行詞是one, ones, anyone, those指代人時， 只能用who. Anyone who does that must be mad. 誰那樣做一定是瘋了。 在there be 結構中，先行詞是人時，只能用who. There is a girl who is waiting for you. 有個女孩在等你。 當先行詞是人，后面有較長的修飾語時，只用who. I met a friend of mine who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games. 昨天我在公園見到一個朋友，他在亞運會上得到了三枚金牌。 當先行詞是I, you, he ,they等時（常用于諺語中），只用who. He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。II. 關系副詞 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。常用關系副詞有why, when, where.1. when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。也可以用“介詞+關系代詞”代替when, 這時的介詞一般為in, at, on等。Ill never forget the day when (on which) I first come here. 我永遠都不會忘記我第一次到這兒的那天。2. where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。也可以用“介詞+關系代詞”代替where, 這時的介詞一般為表示方位的at, in , on, beside等。This is the room where (in which) he lived last year. 這是他去年住過的房間。3. why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。也可以用“介詞+關系代詞”代替why, 這時的介詞一般為for。Thats the reason why (for which) he was late for school. 這就是他上學遲到的原因。4. that 可用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。This is the place (that / where / in which) he works. 這是他工作的地方。非限制性定語從句關系代詞和關系副詞在非限制性定語從句中的應用與在限制性定語從句中類似。先行詞為人時，用who, whom, whose；先行詞為物時，用which。 that不用于非限制性定語從句中。Mary has a brother, who is an engineer. 瑪麗有一個兄弟，他是一位工程師。She has six cousins, three of whom lived to grow up. 她有六個表兄弟，其中三個已經(jīng)長大成人了。The children are taught by a 32-year-old Englishman, whose wife is an American.孩子們的老師是一位32歲的英國人，他的妻子是美國人。非限制性定語從句也可以由where或when 引起。Last week we visited Hangzhou, where there is a beautiful lake.上周我們游覽了杭州，那兒有一個美麗的湖。We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.我們把晚會推遲到下周，那時我們就不會這么忙了。定語從句專練單項選擇. 從題后所給四個選項中選擇最佳答案填入空白處。1. Mr. Li is an English teacher _ loved playing soccer.A. who B. whom C. he D. which2. We called the man _ had promised to help us. A. he B. that C. whom D. which3. The coat _ he is wearing today was bought by his aunt. A. what B. where C. who D. that4. The place _ he works is in the factory. A. that B. which C. in which D. in where5. Thats the most beautiful place _ I have ever _. A. where; visited B. that; visit C. where; visit D. that; visited6. I dont know the boy _. A. whom you often talk B. you often talk with C. with who you often talk D. that you often talk7. Look! The boy _ name is Simon is playing soccer with his friends. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom8. All _ they have done is good for us. A. what B. which C. why D. that9. I want to go to some places _ its cool in summer. A. those B. which C. where D. this10. Saturday is the day _ people can have a rest. A. that B. at which C. on which D. on that11. She is new here, there are no friends _ she can _ turn for help in the city. A. whom B. to whom C. which D. to which12. He is one of the boys _ basketball well. A. whom play B. whom plays C. who play D. who plays13. The fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where14. Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country. A. that B. when C. during which D. at which15. I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late. A. why B. that C. how D. what16. There are two caps on the table, _ belongs to Tom. A. the smaller of which B. the small of which C. the smaller of them D. the small one17. My brother had become a doctor, _ was what he wanted to be. A. who B. what C. that D. which18. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow. A. whose B. of which C. its D. that19. Is there a post office around _ I can get some stamps? A. which B. what C. where D. that20. He talked happily about the man and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. when21. There isnt a dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that22. He wanted to know the time _ he needed to know. A. that B. when C. where D. what23. Lucys pet cat died, _ made her very sad. A. as B. which C. that D. whose24. This is one of the best films _ this year. A. have been show B. that have shown C. that have been shown D. which has been shown25. Is _ some foreigners visited last week? A. this factory B. this the factory C. this factory one D. the factory where26. Ill give you _ he gave me last week. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all27. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army. A. where B. when C. why D. that28. That is the reason _ he didnt come to your birthday. A. why B. that C. which D. when29. The doctor _ we met at the gate works in the nearby hospital. A. / B. who C. which D. he30. His book is not the only thing _ has been stolen. A. that B. / C. which D. who參考答案1. A 先行詞teacher 指人，關系代詞who在定語從句中作主語。B中whom只能作賓語；C中he不可以作定語從句引導詞；D中which引導定語從句時，先行詞應為物；故選A是正確的。2. B 先行詞the man指人，關系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。C中whom只能作賓語；A中he不可以作定語從句引導詞；D中which引導定語從句時，先行詞應為物；故選A是正確的。故選B。3. D 先行詞the coat指物，關系代詞that在定語從句中作wearing的賓語。What, it, this均不做引導詞引導定語從句。因此選D是正確的。4. C 先行詞the place， 關系代詞in which在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于where。He是定語從句的主語，work是不及物動詞，不帶賓語，因此A，B不正確。副詞不可作介詞的賓語，D選項不正確。故選C是正確的。5. D 先行詞是place, 關系代詞that在定語從句中作visited 的賓語。句子的后半部分為現(xiàn) 在完成時。定語從句中visit需要一個賓語，因此A，C可排除。Visit前有have ever，可以判斷出是現(xiàn)在完成時，B選項中visit沒有用現(xiàn)在完成時。選D是正確的。6. B 先行詞為the boy指人，關系代詞who/ that作talk with的賓語, 可以省略。Talk為不及物動詞，A，D選項不正確；who 不作介詞賓語，C選項可排除；故選B。7. B 先行詞the boy 指人，關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語。What, which, whom不能作定語。故選B。8. D 先行詞all是不定代詞，關系代詞that在定語從句中作done的賓語。當先行詞為不定代詞且指物時，引導定語從句的關系代詞只能是that.故選D。9. C 先行詞是some places, 表示地點。 關系副詞where在定語從句中作地點狀語。Those, this 不引導定語從句。Which是關系代詞。因此，只能選C。10. C 先行詞是the day，表示時間。On which等于where在定語從句中作時間狀語。因此，A，D不符合要求。在具體到某一天時，我們一般用介詞on而不用at，所以B也不合適。只可以選C。11. B 先行詞是friends, 指人。關系代詞whom在定語從句中作turn to 的賓語。選項C，D不可以代指人，turn to sb. for help 向某人求助, A不符合要求。故選B。12. C 先行詞是the boys, 關系代詞who在定語從句中作主語。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。選項A，B中whom不可以在定語從句中作主語，D中數(shù)與先行詞不一致。故選C。13. B 這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the fence, 關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語。That不引導非限制性定語從句，不可以選A。where 不能在定語從句中作賓語。What不引導定語從句。故選B。14. A 先行詞是the time, 關系代詞在定語從句中用spent的賓語。Spent是及物動詞，可以直接帶賓語，不需用介詞。因此，B，C，D不符合要求。選A。15. B 先行詞是the reason, 關系代詞that在定語從句中作given的賓語。Why不能作賓語，how, what不引導定語從句。故選B。16. A 這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是two caps, 關系代詞which在定語從句中作主語。C，D不是定語從句，指兩個中較小的那個，應用形容詞的比較級。故選A。17. D 這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是doctor, 在本句中指職業(yè)。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語。Who引導的定語從句先行詞指人，that不用于非限制定語從句。What 不用于引導定語從句。故選D。18. B 先行詞是mountain, of which等于where, 在定語從句中作地點狀語。Whose, that在定語從句中不作狀語，its不引導定語從句。故選B。19. C 先行詞是post office, 關系副詞where在定語從句中作地點狀語。Which, that不能在定語從句中作地點狀語，what不引導定語從句。故選C。20. B 先行詞是the man and books，既有人又有物