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mountrushmore capitolbuilding thewhitehouse supremecourtbuilding politicalsystem uspoliticalinstitutions i theusconstitutionii theexecutivebranchiii thelegislativebranchiv thejudicialbranchv politicalparties americanconstitution theconstitutionof1787 theoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld theusconstitution twocharacteristicsfederalismseparationofpowers checksandbalances federalism federalismmeansthedivisionofthepowersofgovernmentbetweenthenationandthestate eachamericanissubjecttotwogovernments 1 thegovernmentofhisstateand2 thegovernmentoftheunion thestateshavetheprimaryfunctionsofprovidinglawandorder education publichealthandmostofthethings whichconcernday to daylife thefederalgovernmentatwashingtonisconcernedwithforeignaffairsandwithmattersofgeneralconcerntothestates includingcommercebetweenthestates theusconstitution separationofpowers checksandbalancesseparationofpowersitreferstotheprinciplethatthenationalgovernmentissplitinto3branches legislative executiveandjudicial inthelegislativebranch powerissplitfurtherinto2houses theconstitutionoftheu s 1787 article1 sec 1 alllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinacongressoftheunitedstates whichshallconsistofasenateandahouseofrepresentatives article2 sec 1 theexecutivepowershallbevestedinapresidentoftheunitedstatesofamerica heshallholdhisofficeduringthetermoffouryears theconstitutionoftheu s 1787 article3 sec 1 thejudicialpoweroftheunitedstates shallbevestedinonesupremecourt andinsuchinferiorcourtsasthecongressmayfromtimetotimeordainandestablish theconstitutionoftheu s 1787 checksandbalances separationofpowers checksandbalanceschecksandbalanceseachbranchhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower eachbranchofgovernmentcancheck orblock theactionsoftheother the3branchesareinbalance checksandbalances congressmaypassalaw butthepresidentcanveto orcancelit thencongressmaypassthelawagain thistimebya2 3vote andthepresidentcannotvetoit butthelawmaystillbecancelledifthesupremecourtdecidesitunconstitutional thecongresscanimpeach sack thepresidentorasupremecourtjudge checksandbalances examples article4 thecongress whenevertwothirdsofbothhousesshalldeemitnecessary shallproposeamendmentstothisconstitution theconstitutionoftheu s 1787 amendmentii awellregulatedmilitiabeingnecessarytothesecurityofafreestate therightofthepeopletokeepandbeararmsshallnotbeinfringed 紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的 人民持有和攜帶武器的權(quán)利不可侵犯 thethreedocumentsthatmadeamerica politicalprinciplesoftheu s government theseparationofpowersfederalismrespectfortheconstitutionandtheruleoflaw usfederalgovernment thelegislativebranch atwo chamber bicameral congressthesenate upperhouse 2 states6 yeartermsthevicepresidentthehouseofrepresentatives lowerhouse determinedbypopulation2 yeartermsspeakerqualificationssenatorsmembersofthehouseofrepresentative uscapitolbuilding powersofthehouseandsenatebothhouseshavethepowertointroducelegislationonanysubject thesenatehastheauthoritytoconfirmpresidentialappointmentsofhighofficialsaswellasratifyalltreaties thehousehaspoweroverrevenuebillsandbringschargesofimproperbehaviorofofficials thelegislativebranch howabillbecomesalaw 1 amemberofcongressintroducesabill2 committeesreviewandvoteonthebillcommitteesaremadeupofsmallgroupsofsenatorsorrepresentatives thecommitteemayrejectthebilland table it meaningitisneverdiscussedagain oritmayholdhearingstolistentofactsandopinions makechangesinthebillandcastvotes ifmostcommitteemembersvoteinfavorofthebill itissentbacktothesenateandthehousefordebate 3 thesenateandthehousedebateandvoteonthebillseparately thesenateandthehousedebatethebill offeramendmentsandcastvotes ifthebillisdefeatedineitherthesenateorthehouse thebilldies ifamajorityofboththesenateandthehousevotesforthebill itgoestothepresidentforapproval 4 thepresidentsignsthebill ornotifthepresidentapprovesthebillandsignsit thebillbecomesalaw however ifthepresidentdisapproves hecanvetothebillbyrefusingtosignit congresscantrytooverruleaveto ifboththesenateandthehousepassthebillbyatwo thirdsmajority thepresident svetoisoverruledandthebillbecomesalaw howabillbecomesalaw thelegislativebranch legislativefunctions themostcentralisthepassageoflawsfirstabillisintroduced thebillisreferredtoacommitteewhichstudiesitandissuesareporttothehouse thehousedebatesthebillandvotesfororagainstitspassage ifpassed thebill nowcalledand act isdeliveredtothesenate ifthesenateapproves itwillsendtothepresidentwhomayeithersignitintolawofvetoit ifthepresidentvetoed congresscanoverridethevetobya2 3majority theexecutivebranch thepresidencytheformofgovernmentintheusisdescribedasthe presidentialsystem thepresidentisheadoftheexecutivebranch headofthestate andcommanderofthearmedforces thefirstcitizen thefirstladytwosuccessivefour yearsterms qualificationsforauspresident anatural bornamericancitizenatleast35yearsold candidatesforthepresidencyarechosenbypoliticalpartiesbeforethepresidentialelection executivepowersissuerules regulationsandinstructions calledexecutiveorders thecommander in chiefofthearmedforces legislativepowersissuebillsandpoliticalordersvetoanybillpassedbycongressand unless2 3ineachhousevotetooverridetheveto thebilldoesnotbecomelaw presidentialpowers powersinforeignaffairsrelationswithforeignnations heappointsambassadorsandreceivesforeignambassadorsandotherpublicofficials judicialpowerstogivereprievesandpardonsinfederalcriminalcases offerapardontoagroupofpeople anamnestyinfluencethejudicialsystembyappointingfederaljudgesandsupremecourtjustices presidentialpowers theexecutivedepartments thepresidentthecabinetthevice president13departmentsstatedept treasuredept defensedept justicedept thewhitehouse thejudicialbranch thestructure thesupremecourt 11courtsofappeals 91districtcourts 3courtsofspecialjurisdictionthejurysystemandcommonlaw thesupremecourt theonlyorganthathasthepowertointerprettheconstitution achiefjusticeand8associatejusticesjudgesareappointedbythepresidentandconfirmedbythesenate impeachedbythecongressopening 1stmon oct middleofjune interpretslawscanhearappealsfromanyfederalcourtcases tohearappealsfromstatecourtcasesthatinvolvetheconstitutionornationallaws maydeclarealawunconstitutional maydeclareapresidentialactunconstitutional thesupremecourt two partysystemfederalistsvs democraticrepublicanswhigsvs democratstherepublicansvs thedemocrats politicalparties therewillalwaysbetwo partysystemintheunitedstatessimplybecauseitworkswelltogettwonamesontheballotforeveryoffice politicalparties differentviewsofthe2partiesoneconomicissuesthedemocratsfavorgovernmentinterventiontherepublicansstresstheroleofthemarketonsocialissuesthedemocratssupportastrongsocialsecuritysystemtherepublicansopposelargegovernmentalsocialsecurityprograms politicalparties electingpresident 1 primaryelection feb june 2 themajorpartiesholdconventionstochoosecandidatesforpresidenttodeterminethepartiesplatforms3 thecampaigningstageradio television newspapers andpersonalcommunications4 chooseaslateofpresidentialelectorswhomakeuptheelectoralcollege5 tuesdayfollowingthe1stmondayinnovember electionday notpopularvotebutelectoralvotes electoralcollegemembershipintheus electoralcollege theelectorsofall50statesandthedistrictofcolumbia 3electors atotalof538tobesuccessful acandidateforpresidencymustreceiveatleast270votes ifnocandidatehasamajority thedecisionshallbemadebytheho

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