英文論文的結構.ppt

英語論文的結構 機電工程學院唐榮年 Constructionguidelines TitleAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsReferencesTablesandfigures 1 Title Beshort accurate andunambiguousGiveyourpaperadistinctpersonalityBeginwiththesubjectofthestudy Tips 1 Careful Meaningful 2 Don tbeginwith Studieson Investigationon 1 AstudyofthestructuralseriesintheTl Ca Ba Cu Osuperconductingsystem 2 FormationmechanismofH2Ti3O7nanotubes 3 SurfacestructuralchemistryofhighTcsuperconductorsbyHREM 4 Directpreparationofnanoporouscarbonbynanocasting 5 Synthesis structuresolution characterizationandcatalyticpropertiesofTNU 10 ahigh silicazeolitewiththeSTItopology 1 Thetitleistheonlypartofyourpapermostpeoplewillread makeitclear conciseandinformative 2 Actualfindingsshouldbedescribedwithclaimsthatcanbesupported 3 Itshouldbecatchy memorable 4 Thetitleisalabel notasentence 1 Studentfirst supervisorsecond 2 Anauthorofapapershouldbedefinedasonewhotakesintellectualresponsibilityfortheresearchresultsbeingreported 3 Givecreditwhereitisdue Itdoesnotcostanything anditcreatesfriends Scienceismoreofasocialactivitythanyoumightthink 4 Authors affiliationsandcorrespondingauthor ThelistofAuthors Theabstractisvitallyimportant withoutdoubtthemostimportant200 300wordsinthepaperNeverforgetthattheabstractisoftentheonlythingreaderswillreadfromyourpaper Payattentiontoit Makeitveryconcise clear cut easytoread Avoidtechnicaltermsorcomplicatedreasoning 2 Abstract useshortsentencesworkiswritteninpasttenseuseactivevoice Thispaper Thisstudy Shouldinclude Purposes Procedures Methods Results ConclusionsShouldanswer WhatIwanttodo HowIdidit WhatresultsdidIget WhatconclusionscanIdraw Whatisnewandoriginalinthispaper Tips First1 2sentences introductiontotheconceptNext1 2sentences thesystemandthespecificquestionNextxsentences abriefsummaryoftheresultsFinal1 2sentences conclusion Notice TypedasasingleparagraphNoabbreviations orcitationsEliminateorminimizebackgroundinformationAvoidrepeatingthetitleorpartofthetitleinthefirstsentenceoftheabstractLimittheabstracttonewinformationdon tusecommentarywords satisfying most Thisinvestigationwasperformedtoseeifthealuminuminpopcans 易拉罐 andaluminumcookwareenterstheliquidtheycontain Itwashypothesizedthataluminumdoesentertheliquidsinaluminumcansandcookware Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingsevendifferenttypesofcarbonatedbeveragesandwaterboiledinaluminumcookwareforthreehours Everyhourasamplewasremovedfortesting Thecookwareconsistedofanewandoldaluminumpot Thecolorimetricmethodwasusedtodeterminetheconcentrationofaluminum Theresultsshowedthataluminumwaspresentincarbonatedbeveragesandinthewaterboiledinthecookware Itwasconcludedthataluminumexistedincarbonatedbeveragesandsubstancescookedinaluminumcookware andthattheconcentrationofaluminumincreasedwithtime Objectives purpose hypotheses Methods materials procedures Results data observations discussion Conclusions Journalexample Conferenceexample solved Objectivesofthisstudy hypothesis Methods materials procedures Results data observations discussion Conclusions Dissertationexample Background problemsthatneedtobesolved rationaleforthepresentstudy Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults Conclusions WhatisknownWhatisnotknownWhywedidthisstudy 3 Introduction Nomorethan3pagesAbadbeginningmakesabadending Correctwriting callattentiontothespecificsubject definetheproblem Nottoomuch providebackgroundandpresentthestudyresultsShouldnotbe too technicallistthestructureofyourresearchprojectandwhatyouplantopresentinyourpaper Tips thewaytoinducetheproblemThedeficiencyofWang sapproachis Theproblemofthesepapers However themechanismhasnotbeenfullyunderstood Noneoftheotherphaseshavebeenexaminedindetail CarefullychooseWordforthefirsttime most proveddon tcopyotherpapers introductions 4 Methods ParticipantsMeasurementsOutcomesandexplanatoryvariablesStatisticalmethods SufficientdetailsothatworkcanberepeatedDescribenewmethodsindetail thedegreeofreplicationandsensitivityCitetheacceptedmethodbrieflyusingreferenceIfapublishedmethodismodified suchmodificationsmustbedescribedindetailStatisticalanalysisofdataifappropriateaskacolleagueifhe shecanfollowthemethodologySinceyourprocedureshavebeencompletedreportthemusingpasttense SamplecharacteristicsUnivariateanalysesBivariateanalysesMultivariateanalyses 5 Results GenerallydoesNOTincludeexplanationsordiscussionoftheresultsTableandfigurelegendsshouldbeaccompaniedwithsufficientinformationformainpointTableandfigureshouldbeabletostandaloneAlltablesandfiguresmustbenumberedintheorderinwhichtheyarementionedinthetextNumericaldatawiththecorrectnumberofsignificantdigits 6 References AllcitationsmustbeaccurateIncludeonlythemostimportant mostrigorous andmostrecentliteratureQuoteonlypublishedjournalarticlesorbooks conference Neverquote secondhand Don tputallcitationsattheendofsentencesDon tquoteyourselfworktoomuchDon tcopy directorindirect tableandfigure Complywith Instructionstoauthors Citeonly20 35references Journal Conferencepaper dissertation 7 TableandFigure