醫(yī)學(xué)專用英語術(shù)語.docx

Medical Jargon Close this window A abduction - to move a limb or some other body part away from the midline of the bodyABG - arterial blood gas readingacetaminophen - a nonsalicylate analgesic-antipyretic (Tylenol)ACE - angiotension-converting enzymeACLS - advanced cardiac life support; includes electricity (defibrillator) and drugs for life threatening arrhythmiasacidotic - abnormally high acidity of body fluids and tissuesacute - sudden, intense flare-upadenosine - a drug used to help a patient with Supraventricular tachycardia convert to normal sinus rhythmagonal - a word used to describe a major negative change in a patients condition, usually preceding immediate death, such as a complete cessation of breathing or a dire change in the patients EEG or EKGalbuterol - a bronchodilator used on asthma patients and patients having bronchial spasms to dilate the bronchia and improve breathingALOC - abbreviation for Acute Loss of Consciousnessalzheimers disease - a progressive disease with specific brain abnormalities marked by memory loss and progressive inability to function normally at even the simplest tasksAMA - against medical advice or American Medical Associationambu-bag - handheld squeeze bag attached to a face mask. see also baggingamitriptyline - a tricyclic antidepressantamoxicillin - an antibioticamp - abbreviation for Ampule, which is a sealed plastic or glass capsule containing a single dose of a drug in a sterile solution for injection.anaphylactic shock - an extreme allergic reaction that usually involves heart failure, circulatory collapse, a severe asthma-like difficulty in breathing and sometimes results in death.ancef - a cephalosporin antibioticanemia - chronically low hematocritaneurysm - a balloonlike swelling in the wall of an arteryangina pectoris - a severe acute attack of cardiac painangioplasty - plastic surgery of blood vessels during which a balloon is passed into the artery and inflated to enlarge it and increase blood flowanhidrosis - the abnormal absence of sweatanterior - word used to describe the front surface of an organ, muscle, etcantivert - a drug prescribed for nausea and dizzinessaortic calcification - hardening of the aorta, the main artery coming out of the left ventricle of the heart, usually from cholesterol deposits or some other organic substanceaortic coarctation - a dangerous narrowing of the aortaaortic dissection - a tear in the aortaaortic rupture - when the aorta burstsarterial stick - insertion of an IV line into an arteryarrhythmia - when the beat of the heart is no longer originating from the sinus node, and the rhythm is abnormalASA - the abbreviation for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)astrocytoma - a slowly growing tumor of the glial tissue of the brain and the spinal cordasystole - a condition in which the heart no longer beats and usually cannot be restartedativan - a minor tranquilizer drug (lorazepam) used for anxiety, tension, agitation, or fatigueatropine - a drug to increase the heart rateatypical angina - a form of angina pectoris that does not manifest the typical angina symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, etc, but which comes on suddenly and occurs without a predisposing causeAZT - an antiviral drug (zidovudine) prescribed for the treatment of AIDSBBabinskis reflex - also known as the plantar reflex; the movement of the big toe upward instead of downward; used to test injury to, or diseases of, the upper motor neuronsbactrim - the trade name for cotrimoxazole and sulfamethoxizole, an antibacterial agent particularly useful for urinary infectionsbagging - manual respiration for a patient having breathing trouble that uses a handheld squeeze bag attached to a face maskBarlows syndrome - infantile scurvyBetadine - trade name for povidone-iodine, a preparation used as a surgical scrub that is available in liquid and aerosol formsbilateral hemothorax - blood in both sides of the pleura, the membrane covering the lungblood culture - incubating a blood sample so that suspected infectious bacteria can multiply and thus be identifiedblood gas - a test to determine the gas-phase components of blood, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH balance, etcblood pressure - a measure of how well blood circulates through your arteries, listen in the format of the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is about 120/80blood swab - a blood sample taken with a cotton-tipped stickBLS - abbreviation for basic life support; includes CPR and removal of foreign body airway obstructionbody packer - a drug courier who swallows condoms filled with cocaine or heroin in order to smuggle them into a country and then passes them rectally after hes safebolus - a large dose of a drug that is given (usually intravenously) at the beginning of treatment to raise blood-level concentrations to a therapeutic levelbounceback - a patient who returns to the ER with the same complaint shortly after being releasedbowel disimpaction - manual removal of impacted fecal matter from a patients rectumBP - abbreviation for blood pressurebradycardic - a slowing of the heart rate to less than 50 beats per minutebreath sounds - the sounds heard through a stethoscope placed on the chest over the lungsbronchoscopy - the use of an endoscope to examine and take biopsies from the interior of the bronchiaBUN - abbreviation for blood urea nitrogenCc-section - shorthand for cesarean section, which is surgical delivery of a baby through the abdominal wallc-spine - shorthand for cervical spine, or the neckcalcium oxalate stone - a kidney stoneCalots triangle - the cystic duct, the common duct, and the livercalyx - a cup-shaped part of the kidneyscapillary refill - when a fingernail is pressed, the nail bed turns white. Capillary refill refers to the return of the nail bed to pink color. Good cap refill is two seconds or lesscapoten - see captopril captopril - an antihypertensive and ACE inhibitor prescribed for high blood failure and congestive heart failure. It is also sold under the trade name capoten (captopril is the drugs generic name)carboxyhemoglobin - a substance formed when the poisonous gas carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in the blood. Carboxyhemoglobin is incapable of transporting oxygen to the bodys organs. Large amounts of this compound are found in carbon monoxide poisoningcardiac effusion - see pericardial effusioncardiac enzymes - creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate transaminasecardiomyopathy - a disorder of the heart muscle that can often be fatal cardiac tamponade - compression of the heart from fluid such as an effusion or bloodCAT scan - Computerized axial tomographycatchers mask - a device used for a patient with bleeding varices in the throat that allows a tube with two balloons attached to be positioned securely in the throat and inflated. The balloons then put pressure on the enlarged veins in order to stop the bleedingCBC - abbreviation for complete blood count, which is an all-purpose blood test; combining diagnostic evaluations of red blood cell count, white cell count, erythrocyte indices, hematocrit, and a differential blood countcc - abbreviation for cubic centimeterscecum - a pouch at the junction of the large and small intestine. The lower end bears the vermiform appendixceftriaxone - a cephalosporin antibioticcellulitis - a skin infectioncentral line - the central location in the circulation of the vein used, usually in the internal jugular and subclavian veins in the neck, or the femoral veins in the groin. This has the benefit of being able to send more fluid into the bodycephalosporin - an antibioticcesarean section - surgical delivery of a baby through the abdominal wallchampagne tap - a successful lumbar puncture with no red blood cells found, which means it is as clean as possible. So-called because the supervising resident has to, by custom, buy the student a bottle champagneChem 7 - a battery of blood chemistry tests; the seven parts of a Chem 7; sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glucosechest film - a chest X-rayCHF - abbreviation for congestive heart failure, see pulmonary edemaclaudication - limping caused by impaired blood supply to the legscoag panel - a blood test used to determine the clotting factors of a patients bloodcode brown - term used when a patient doesnt make it to the bathroom in timecompazine - a drug (prochlorperazine) prescribed for severe nausea and vomiting and also for treatment of psychotic disorders and anxietycordotomy - surgical severing of the nerves in the spinal cord to relieve intractable pain in the pelvis and lower limbscrasher - a person who passes out in the ER, often not a patient but a family member who is upset over whats going on with a loved onecricothyroidotomy - a procedure used to surgically establish an airway in the patients throat when intubation isnt possibly because of swelling or bleedingcricothyrotomy - see cricothyroidotomycrispy critter - irreverent ER slang for a seriously burned patientcrit - short for hematocritCPK - creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme that elevates in the blood when a heart attack occurs, used as a confirmation of a heart attack and as a gauge of damageCT scan - See CAT scanCVA - abbreviation for cerebrovascular accident, ie strokecyanotic - when a patients skin and mucous membranes are bluish in color from an inadequate supply of oxygen in the bloodcystic fibrosis - a lung disease that causes the production of thick mucus in the lungs, hampering breathingDD5 - the abbreviation for dextrose (glucose) given in a 5 percent normal saline solutionDarvocet - a drug (propoxyphene hydrochloride) prescribed for painDB - ER abbreviation for a dead bodydead shovel - ER slang for a fat man who dies while shoveling snowdebridement - cleaning an open wound by removing foreign material and dead tissue. Debridement of burns is extremely painfuldecerebration - the progressive loss of cerebral function; advanced decerebration (and the resultant deep unconsciousness) occurs with severe damage to the cerebrum, the largest part of the braindeep vein thrombosis - a blood clot in a deep veindefibrillation - the cessation of fibrillation of the cardiac muscle and restoration of a normal rhythmdelusional - having an irrational belief that cannot be changed by a rational argument, often found in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosisdemerol - trade name for meperidine, a synthetic analgesic often used as a substitute for morphinediabetic ketoacidosis - depletion of the bodys alkali reserves due to diabetes, causing a major disruption in the bodys acid-base balance. The breath smells fruity and the patient is usually comatose.diagnosis - determining whats wrong with a patient by using the patients symptoms, signs, test results, medical background, and other factorsdialysis - the procedure to filter blood for patients with kidney failure, also used to remove absorbed toxins from overdosing and poisoningdiaphoresis - sweatingdiastolic - pressure during the relaxing of the heartDIC - abbreviation for disseminated intravascular coagulation (no blood clotting). (In many hospitals, ER personnel also interpret DIC to mean death is coming since disseminated intravascular coagulation usually means death is imminent) differential diagnosis - diagnosis made by ruling out many disorders. The patient usually presents with symptoms that can be shared by many conditions. For example, chest pain can be caused by many diseases or conditions, and each one must be ruled out to arrive at the correct diagnosisdigitalis - a drug prescribed for congestive heart failuredilantin - an anticonvulsant drug used to prevent seizuresdiplopia - double visiondisaster protocol color coding - the following color tags are used to immediately triage patients during a mass casualty event: Green is walking wounded; yellow is urgent; red is critical; black is DOAdistal pulse - the pulse farthest from the heartdiuresis - the increased production of urinediuretic - drug used to increased diuresis, ie lasixdiverticulitis - inflammation of the colonDNR - the abbreviation for do not resuscitate, which is requested or ordered for terminally ill patientsDOA - abbreviation for dead on arrivaldopamine - a catecholamine neurotransmitter, similar to adrenaline. It is used during surgery to increase cardiac output and renal blood flowDTP - a diphtheria tetanus pertussis toxoid injectiondyspnea - shortness of breathdystocia - difficult labor due to some fetal problem, such as dislocation of the shouldersEECG - electrocardiogram. measures heart activityEEG - electroencephalogram. measures brain activityEKG - see ECGeclampsia - a serious condition affecting pregnant women in which the entire body is affected by convulsions and the patient eventually passes into a comaectopic pregnancy - the development of the fetus in the fallopian tube instead of in the wombedema - excessive accumulation of fluidelavil - trade name for amitriptylineelectrolyte analysis - tests the basic chemicals in the body; sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonateembolectomy - surgical removal of an embolusembolus - a blood clotEMS - abbreviation for emergency medical services. The term EMS is used in the American Heart Association protocols for BLS and ACLSEMT - abbreviation for emergency medical technicianendocarditis - inflammation of cardiac tissue, usually caused by bacterial infectionendoscope - a long flexible tube with its own special lightingepi - adrenaline, used to make heart beat faster and raise blood pressureepidermis - the outer layer of the skinepidural - an epidural block; an injection through a catheter of a local anesthetic to relieve pain during labor, usually done at the lumbar level of the spineepiglottitis - inflammation of the epiglottisepinephrine - adrenalineesmolol - a beta-blocking drugETA - abbreviation for Estimated Time of ArrivalFFeldene - a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (piroxicam) prescribed for arthritis and other forms of joint and bone inflammationfentanyl - a short-acting morphine like narcotic analgesic of high poitency, often used in conjunction with other drugs. Fentanyl can enhance the effect of certain narcotics (including morphine)fetal distress - a term used to describe a number of critical conditions threatening the live delivery of a fetusFHT - abbreviation for fetal heart tonesfibrillation - an uncoordinated, quivering of the heart muscle resulting in a completely irregular pulsefirst-degree burn - a burn affecting only the epidermis. The color of the burn is red, capillary refill is present, the skin texture is normal, and the burn heals in five to ten days with no scarringflexeril - a potent muscle relaxantfluconazole - an antifungal drug used for infections of the mouth, blood, and throat. Fluconazole is often used by AIDS patients to combat oral thrush and other infectionsfluoroscope - an X-ray machineFocused H and P - a history and physical examination. H and P is the term used to describe an examination that results in a patient history and makes an assessment of his or her condition. The patient is physically examined and then talked to regarding his or her complaint and the doctor then makes a probably diagnosis. Focused means do not examine a patients feet or do a rectal if theyre complaining of a headache and double visionfoley - a foley (indwelling) catheter. This is a thin flexible tube inserted into the urethra in order to drain the bladderGgastric lavage - irrigation of the stomach when poisoning or bleeding is suspected, or to remove ingested toxins before they enter the blood streamGCS - see Glasgow coma scalegentamicin - an antibioticGGF1 - an abbreviation for grandpas got a fever, which is shorthand for a battery of tests performed when an elderly male presents with a fever of unknown origin. The tests included in a GGF1 are a CBC, Chem 7, chest film, U/A, and blood cultures times twoGI cocktail - a commonly used mixture of liquid donnatal (which stops gastrointestinal spasms), viscous lidocaine and mylanta (which counteracts the stomach acid and soothes the stomach). This concoction is often given to patients presenting with severe heartburn, signs of an ulcer, or indications of an excess production of stomach acidgiardiasis - intestinal infection with the giardia bacteriaGlasgow coma scale - this scale is used to quickly determine the status and degree of injury of a trauma victim to the headGlove up and dig in - see bowel disimpactiongolden hour - also known as the golden window. When treating a patient who has had a myocardial infarction, emergency personnel must be extremely careful during the first hour. The ventricles are very sensitive during this period and life threatening arrythmias can occurgomer - ER slang for Get Out of My Emergency Room and is a derogatory term for geriatric patients with multiple complicated medical problemsgorked - ER slang for unconscious (as in gorked patient). Also used as a noun, as in Ive got a gork in 2Grams stain - a stain test that identifies various forms of bacterial microorganismsgranuloma - a tumorGSW - abbreviation for gunshot woundguiac - a test of stool with a gloved finger inserted looking for bloodHH and P - see also Focused H and P, history and physical: the initial evaluation and examination of a patienthaldol - a drug (haloperidol) used for psychotic disorders, Tourettes syndrome, and hyperactivity in childrenheart/lung bypass - using a machine to breathe and circulate blood fo