高中英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句 (2).doc

狀語(yǔ)從句一狀語(yǔ)從句定義 狀語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)相當(dāng)于副詞的從句，在句中起副詞的作用，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)從句主要分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式，條件，讓步，比較，目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。溫馨提示：一般情況下，狀語(yǔ)從句從句的引導(dǎo)詞在狀語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)選引導(dǎo)詞，所以要重點(diǎn)掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的含義。 二.狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 狀語(yǔ)從句中的常用連詞和特殊連詞 從句類(lèi)型常用連接詞特殊連接詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as,by the time一些時(shí)間名詞：the moment，the instant，the minute，the day，next time，every time，the first time，the last time一些副詞：instantly，immediately，directly固定搭配的連詞：no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where wherever，anywhere原因狀語(yǔ)從句because，since，as，forconsidering that，given that，in that，now that，for the reason that目的狀語(yǔ)從句(so) that，in order thatlest，for fear that，in case結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so/such.that，so thatto the/such a degree that，to the/such an extent that條件狀語(yǔ)從句if，unless，as long assuppose，supposing，providing，provided，on condition that讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although，though，even though，even ifwhile(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))，wheverno matter wh，whether.or.比較狀語(yǔ)從句as，thanthe more.，the more.方式狀語(yǔ)從句as，as if/thoughthe (same) way，A is to B what C is to D1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句中從屬連詞when，while，as的多種含義 when：當(dāng)時(shí)候；就在那時(shí)；既然；雖然；在之后；as：一邊一邊；隨著；雖然；因?yàn)?；依照，如；while：在期間；而；雖然。用when，while和as填空：He will take my place _ I am away.I was having my lunch _ the fire alarm went off._ you have finished your work，you may have a rest._ he swam，he cried for help._ the Internet is of great help，I dont think it good to spend too much time on it.【答案】whilewhenWhenAsWhilebefore的用法 注意判斷before在狀語(yǔ)從句中的含義：才；就；趁沒(méi)有；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及；寧可也不；不知不覺(jué)?！窘馕觥縝efore 常用于以下句型： It will (not ) be +時(shí)間段+ before.表示“要過(guò)多久/ 不久才” It was not long + before 表示“不久就.” It was +時(shí)間段+ before 表示“過(guò)了多久才”1. 判斷下列各句中before的含義：()We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. ()We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. ()Please write it down before you forget it.()Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.()She would die before shed give in.()Three months went by before we knew it. 2. 區(qū)別以下句型：用before，that，since，when填空：Its three days _ he returned home.It was three days_ he returned home.It will be three days_ he returns home.It was three days later _ he returned home.It was three oclock _ he returned.【答案】1. 才就趁沒(méi)有 還沒(méi)來(lái)得及寧可也不不知不覺(jué)2. sincebeforebeforethatwhen注解答此類(lèi)題目關(guān)鍵有三點(diǎn)：首先要確定是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，當(dāng)我們把it is/was以及連接詞去掉時(shí)，剩余部分若能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，這時(shí)連詞用that；否則，就要考慮它的句式特點(diǎn)。其次要看是時(shí)間段還是時(shí)間點(diǎn)。再次是連接詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)確定為時(shí)間段時(shí)，連接詞前后時(shí)態(tài)不一致，用since；時(shí)態(tài)一致，用before；當(dāng)確定為時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句就用that，否則就用when。 The moment he saw me ,he recognized me. 他一看見(jiàn)我，就認(rèn)出我了（the moment,the minute, the instant 名詞連詞化=as soon as=immediately,directly 副詞連詞化） .till/until 表示到.時(shí)間為止主句的動(dòng)作結(jié)束。Not.until.表示到.時(shí)間為止主句的動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始。until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Eg. He waited.( until I came here等的動(dòng)作在我來(lái)的時(shí)候結(jié)束） 他等到我來(lái)這兒。 He didnt go there until he finished his homework.(去那里到他完成作業(yè)時(shí)才發(fā)生）直到他完成作業(yè)才去那兒。 She _ (sleep) until midnight. She _ (arrive)until midnight.He didnt go to bed until he finished his work. _(倒裝句)_(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)【答案】slept；didnt arriveNot until he finished his work did he go to bed；It was not until he finished his work that he went to bed 2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:where ,wherever Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 I want to go wherever climate is mild. 我想去氣候溫和的地方。 3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because, since, as, in that, now that（= since） Because he was ill, he didnt go to school.（直接原因）因?yàn)樗×?，他沒(méi)去上學(xué)。 Since/Now that we are all here, lets begin our meeting.（大家都知道的原因，since既然） 既然大家都到齊了，我們開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)吧。 As he did not know much English , he looked up the word in the dictionary . 由于他不懂什么英語(yǔ)，所以查字典。 He is a good student in that he studies hard.(in that在于） 溫馨提示:because, since, as, in that, now that（= since）的區(qū)別 because 表示直接原因，用于下面幾種情況 1）用why 提問(wèn)，回答時(shí)必須用because -Why was he late? -Because he was caught in the traffic jam. 2)只有because 能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中 ,不能用since, as, in that, now that It is because he didnt study hard that he failed in the exam. 3）當(dāng)前面有副詞時(shí)，如partly/mainly/totally等，只能用because The air pollution is very serious mainly because vehicles let out carbon dioxide. 空氣污染很?chē)?yán)重主要因?yàn)檐?chē)輛排放二氧化碳。 since=now that “既然”，不是直接原因，是大家都知道的原因。 as “由于”，在口語(yǔ)中可代替because. for 是并列連詞，放在句末，用逗號(hào)和前面的句子隔開(kāi)，表示解釋說(shuō)明。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.（兩個(gè)并列句） 昨天晚上一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈貪窳恕?4. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句: although, though, even if, even though, as, whatever(=mo matter what), however(=no matter how), whoever(=no matter who), whomever(=no matter whom), whenever(= no matter when), wherever(=no matter where), whichever(=no matter which), whether.or. （無(wú)論是.還是） Although/though/Even if /Even though it is raining hard, the workers are still working outside.盡管天正在下很大雨，工人們還在外面工作。 Child as he is ,he knows a lot.盡管他是一個(gè)孩子，他知道的很多。 Whatever/No matter what he does, he is always careful with it. 無(wú)論他做什么事情，他總是非常謹(jǐn)慎。 However /No matter how hard the maths problem is , I will work it out. 無(wú)論這道數(shù)學(xué)題有多么的難，我都要把它做出來(lái)。 Whether you go or stay, I dont care. 無(wú)論你是走還是留，我都不在乎。 溫馨提示: 1.although引導(dǎo)讓步壯語(yǔ)從句，從句絕對(duì)不倒裝。 though引導(dǎo)讓步壯語(yǔ)從句，從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝 as 引導(dǎo)讓步壯語(yǔ)從句，從句一定倒裝 Child as/though he is ,he knows a lot.=Although/though he is a child,he knows a lot. 盡管他是一個(gè)孩子，他知道的很多。 5.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 :if（如果）, unless（除非，如果不）,as/so long as ,in case, provided that, providing that,on condition that如果，只要 Unless you are familiar with the place, you will not be permitted to go there. =If you are not familiar with the place, you will not be permitted to go there. 除非你熟悉那個(gè)地方，否則你將不被允許去那兒。 As long as/If/On condition that/. you make every effort to do it, you will succeed.只要你努力，你就會(huì)成功。6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句: so.that., such.that., so that He is so good at English that we all admire him.他如此擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)以致于我們都?xì)J佩他。 He is such a good man that people all like him.他是一個(gè)如此好的人以致于人們都喜歡他。 He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果他通過(guò)了考試。so.that.和 such.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 so形容詞/副詞that.so形容詞a(n)名詞that.sucha(n)形容詞名詞that.such形容詞不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)that.注so/such.that.放在句首時(shí)要倒裝。完成下列句子：He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.He is _ that we all respect him.So _ that we all respect him.Such _ that we all respect him.He made _ rapid progress that the teacher praised him.He made _ much progress that the teacher praised him.【答案】so good a teacher；good a teacher is he；a good teacher is hesuch；so溫馨提示: so that 還可以進(jìn)到目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句經(jīng)常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.（目的狀語(yǔ)從句） 他起的很早為了能趕上第一班公共汽車(chē)。7.目的狀語(yǔ)從句：so that,in order that 為了從句的謂語(yǔ)常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 8.比較狀語(yǔ)從句: than比.更. , as.as.和.一樣. He runs faster than I (run). He runs as fast as I (run). He doesnt run as/so fast as I (run). 溫馨提示:1.比較狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)如果和主句的謂語(yǔ)相同，比較狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)經(jīng)常省略。 . 2., as.as.和.一樣.如果用于否定句，第一個(gè)as可以改成so,也可以不改。 3.如果as.as.中提到名詞，名詞要放在as.as之間 He is as good a student as I (am). 他和我一樣是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。 9. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句:as 像.一樣, as if /though 仿佛，好像 Americans use “fall” just as the British did three hundred years ago. 美國(guó)人用秋天這個(gè)詞，就像英國(guó)人300年前那樣使用。 He treated me as if/though I were his son. 他對(duì)待我好像我是他的兒子一樣。 * 狀語(yǔ)從句的一些特別用法 1.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)。 2.as if /though 仿佛，好像 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，用would/might/could+do He talked a lot as if he had known everything .（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反） 他談了很多好像他知道一切。*狀語(yǔ)從句的省略現(xiàn)象 當(dāng)when，while，if，unless，as，though，as if，as though等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致(或雖不一致，是it)，從句的謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be，就可省略從句中的“主語(yǔ)be”部分。if，unless，when，though，once，as if 等連詞后用ing表示主動(dòng)，ed表示被動(dòng)；as if 后如表示目的，則用to do表示。注after，before，since，without后接being done表示被動(dòng)。完成下列句子：_(如果有必要的話(huà))，Ill explain to you again.Although _(lack) money，they sent their children to school.When _(complete)，the hall can hold 2，000 people.He stopped as if _(see) if someone followed him.【答案】If necessarylackingcompletedto see1. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before2. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. whileD. when3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. whereB. when C. thatD. until4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. thatD. Until5. (04年江蘇) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless6. Mary made coffee her guests were having their meal.(全國(guó)) A. so that B. although C. while D. as if7. (2014江蘇卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed. A. though B. as C. since D. unless8. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever9. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever10. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever11. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever12. China has sent 158 engineers to Tibet _ they can restore communication facilities destroyed by Saturdays earthquake.A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that13. China confirms PLA to take part in Russias Victory Day parade, _ unexpected terrible things happen.A. when B. because C. before D, unless14. I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless15. (2014天津卷)_ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once16. I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.A. when B. than C. until D. after17.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only18. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.A. if B. unlessC. becauseD. since19. The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place. A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however20. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.A. until B. when C. although D. where21. Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that 22. _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. IfD. Until23. _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. WhicheverD. Whenever24. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however25. Coach, can I continue with the training? Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injure.A. until B. beforeC. because D. unless26. (2014重慶卷)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.A. until B. when C. although D. where27. (2014北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. so B. or C. for D. but28. (2014陜西卷)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left _ I could ask for their names. A. while B. before C. after D. since29. (2013江蘇卷)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，_ it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever30. (2013北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.A. when B. which C. whose D. where31. (2013 全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again，_ I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C. so D. or32. (2013山東卷)Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.A. unless B. until C. although D. since33. (2012重慶卷)Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.A. until B. before C. as D. unless34. The dog，if _，will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properly B. being trained properlyC. properly to train D. trained properly35._ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.A. WhileB. UnlessC. Since D.As二 1.Opposite is St.Pauls Church, which you can hear some lovely music.(2015)2.You wont find paper cutting difficult as if you keep practicing it.3. It is so cold that you cant go outside once fully covered in thick clothes.4.Since scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know.5.Since he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.6.Just because a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 7What should we pay more attention to if