過(guò)去分詞的用法.docx

過(guò)去分詞的用法1. 分詞的定義動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞即過(guò)去分詞，是由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2. 過(guò)去分詞的語(yǔ)法作用 過(guò)去分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。3. 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ) 1)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)。如： Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。 2)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，既表示被動(dòng)，又表示完成。The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。3)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。4)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示動(dòng)作) The library is now closed. 圖書(shū)館關(guān)門(mén)了。(過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ))4. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 1)單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。The excited people rushed into the building. 激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。=The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外國(guó)專(zhuān)家提出來(lái)的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。 = The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 這些書(shū)是魯迅寫(xiě)的，受到了許多中國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。= The books, which are written Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 4) 用來(lái)修飾人的過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過(guò)去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。 The boy looked up with a satisfied expression. 男孩帶著滿(mǎn)意的表情舉目而視。 The worried look deepened upon her face. 她臉上的愁容加重了。5. 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下四類(lèi)： 1)表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 I heard the song sung in English. 我聽(tīng)到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過(guò)這首歌。 He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。 2) 表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have make, get, keep, leave等。 Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。 Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。3)表示思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如consider，know，think等后。如： I consider the matter settled. 我認(rèn)為這件事解決了。4)表示愛(ài)憎,意愿的動(dòng)詞，如want, wish, like, hate等后。如： I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要預(yù)定兩張機(jī)票。5)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。(mention it) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(pull his tooth out)6)使役動(dòng)詞have接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。 過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。 Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out. 你最好找醫(yī)生把那顆壞牙拔掉。 表示主語(yǔ)的經(jīng)歷或遭遇。 He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了。 (自己的經(jīng)歷)6. with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞 此結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞用作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間，方式，條件，原因等狀語(yǔ)。(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了，他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件)(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決，我們都回家了。(表原因)(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。7. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 1) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須和句子的主語(yǔ)相一致。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)生物很感興趣。 2) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。 3) 過(guò)去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園。 表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激動(dòng)的人們被那個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了，停止了爭(zhēng)吵。 表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another chance, he will do better. 再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。 表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。 表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個(gè)老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。高考鏈接1. The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost3. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded4. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer5. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated6. Claire had luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked7. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind8. The players_ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected9. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused10. So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library.A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered11. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning12. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing13. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see14. Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D. being surprised15. Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 16. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertise D. having advertised17. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow18. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated19. _ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded20. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To g