北外口譯翻譯技巧資料(精).doc

北外口譯翻譯技巧資料(英譯漢英譯漢Chapter One 詞義的選擇、引申和褒貶一.詞義的選擇(一根據(jù)詞性He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二 根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二.詞義的引申(一將詞義做抽象化的引申1.將表示具體形象的詞譯成該形象代表的屬性Every life has its roses and thorns.每個(gè)人的生活有甜有苦。There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.他們的性格既殘暴,又狡猾。2.將帶有特征性形象的詞譯成該形象所代表的詞see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad時(shí)好時(shí)壞這兩種情況不斷地交替出現(xiàn)Their troops goosestepped into power.他們的軍隊(duì)耀武揚(yáng)威地奪取了政權(quán)。(二將詞義做具體化的引申The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green.我前面的車停下來了,我錯(cuò)過了綠燈。三.詞義的褒貶(一英語(yǔ)中有些詞本身具有褒貶意義He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。His notoriety didnt come until his death.他的惡名是他死后才傳開的。(二中立意義的詞在上下文中譯出褒貶The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.我們要求他談了他的希望和抱負(fù)He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.他欺騙了我,使我成了他進(jìn)行罪惡勾當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ?。練?xí):Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.信息技術(shù)將成為21世紀(jì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的中心。The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.美國(guó)的大城市形形色色,卻有許多共同的問題。The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.由于教育不斷普及,推動(dòng)了機(jī)遇面前人人平等的美國(guó)理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)。Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.美國(guó)的種族關(guān)系一直是棘手的問題。The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems. 多民族的人口結(jié)構(gòu)也給社會(huì)帶來一定的問題,種族歧視和偏見依然存在。Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.報(bào)紙和雜志的經(jīng)費(fèi)來源主要是依靠廣告收入。Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.地理位置為美國(guó)提供了豐富的可利用資源,肥沃的土地和有利的氣候。The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.美國(guó)沒有父親的單親孩子比例激增。The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.美國(guó)的節(jié)日賀卡和裝飾業(yè)增添了宗教節(jié)日和習(xí)俗節(jié)日的歡樂氣氛。Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.1689年至1763年間英法兩國(guó)連年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),使北美的歐洲殖民地也卷入其中。The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement?，F(xiàn)代美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)從來沒有完全脫離過政府的干預(yù)。The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。丁克家庭的增長(zhǎng)沖擊了傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭觀念。Chapter Two 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯一.轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已用來探索宇宙。2.含有動(dòng)詞意味的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.看到我們的飛機(jī),聽到飛機(jī)的聲音,令我特別神往。3.英語(yǔ)中以er結(jié)尾的名詞在句中不指身份和職業(yè),而含有動(dòng)詞意味,譯為動(dòng)詞I think my sister is a better singer than I.我認(rèn)為我姐姐比我唱的好。二.轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞1.名詞派生的動(dòng)詞Formality has always characterized their relationship.他們之間的關(guān)系有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是以禮相待。2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化的動(dòng)詞This machine is designed to burn up if overused.這個(gè)機(jī)器,按其設(shè)計(jì),如果過度使用就會(huì)燒毀。練習(xí):For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.數(shù)百萬(wàn)移民踏上這片充滿希望的土地,第一眼看到的是自由女神像。One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living.導(dǎo)致人們遷居的原因往往是向往宜人的氣候,迷人的景色和愜意的生活。The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.過去的20年中,美國(guó)的航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)迅速發(fā)展。The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.財(cái)富逐漸集中在少數(shù)人手中,引發(fā)了許多社會(huì)問題和政治問題。Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增長(zhǎng)是自然增長(zhǎng)和不斷移民的結(jié)果。The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的組織方式是個(gè)人所有制,合伙制和公司制。Chapter Three 分句合句法一.分句法(一把原句中一個(gè)單詞譯成句子1.副詞They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他們根本沒有答復(fù),這是不足為奇。2.形容詞He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.他在談到他女兒的時(shí)候很自豪,這是可以理解的。3.名詞The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.每個(gè)房間內(nèi)怎樣的布置,這要看各個(gè)使用者的性格了。(二 把短語(yǔ)翻譯成句子1.名詞短語(yǔ)Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅,這是一條普遍公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。2.介詞短語(yǔ)Their power increased with their number.他們?nèi)藬?shù)增加了,力量也隨之增加。(三 把原文中的一個(gè)句子拆開, 變成兩個(gè)句子Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.如果該地區(qū)再次發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng), 顯然會(huì)使國(guó)際關(guān)系處于緊張狀態(tài)。His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因?yàn)樗麤]有遵守安全規(guī)則,機(jī)器出了故障。二.合句法(一把原文中兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句譯成一個(gè)句子There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.從全國(guó)各地來的人中有許多是北方人。(二把原文中的主從復(fù)合句譯成一句When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我們對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國(guó)人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是處于禮貌。練習(xí):Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.美國(guó)人有獨(dú)立的精神,有自主的權(quán)利,并為此感到自豪。The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry. 電視普及,盜版問題嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致了電影業(yè)的衰落。Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.由于受季風(fēng)影響,夏威夷一年四季如春,春夏秋冬,白天黑夜,溫差很小。Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.與大部分工業(yè)化國(guó)家相比,美國(guó)人休假時(shí)間短,休假次數(shù)少。The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century.隨著新世紀(jì)的開始,加強(qiáng)美中關(guān)系變得越來越重要。Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.某些產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力日益短缺,將使工人更有權(quán)利要求較高的工資。New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.紐約已經(jīng)成為西方世界最具影響力的大城市之一,目前人口已達(dá)800萬(wàn)。Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.雖然美國(guó)是個(gè)富裕的國(guó)家,但全國(guó)仍然存在著貧窮和嚴(yán)重的收入差別問題。The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef.科研人員希望完善克隆牛技術(shù),因?yàn)榘嘿F的高質(zhì)牛肉市場(chǎng)龐大。Chapter Four 定語(yǔ)從句一.限制性定從(一前置法There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism.全世界人民在社會(huì)主義陽(yáng)光下過幸福生活的一天是會(huì)到來的。(二后置法1.譯成并列分句,重復(fù)英語(yǔ)先行詞They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力,這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍惜的,在過去,許多中國(guó)人曾為此犧牲了自己的生命。He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal. 他把自己非凡的才智和精力無(wú)私地獻(xiàn)給了這項(xiàng)事業(yè),而這項(xiàng)事業(yè)今天已使他實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)。2.譯成并列分句,省略英語(yǔ)先行詞It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle. 是他接到那封信，說他的叔叔去世了。 （三）融合法 There are many people who want to see the film. 許多人要看這部電影。 二