MPA復(fù)習(xí)02.doc

寫作技巧：句型變換MBA英語寫作經(jīng)常是困擾MBA考生的一個(gè)障礙，且是他們?nèi)菀讈G分的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。在MBA聯(lián)考英文考試中，作文的分?jǐn)?shù)為20分， 占總分的20。上海華宏MBA培訓(xùn)中心周老師從歷年英文考試的實(shí)際情況看，MBA考生的英語作文相對(duì)于英語考試的其他幾個(gè)部分，得分一直偏低。經(jīng)過觀察、分析和研究，我們認(rèn)為廣大考生在這一方面的困擾主要源于他們?cè)谟⑽膶懽鞯恼J(rèn)知上存在明顯的誤區(qū)以及由此帶來的心理障礙，這種認(rèn)識(shí)上的偏差和心理上的障礙嚴(yán)重地妨礙了他們寫作水平的提高。在不少人看來，寫作是一種深不可測的智力活動(dòng)，他們認(rèn)為寫作一定就是靈感的產(chǎn)物，或是將要說的話變成書面的東西。華宏MBA周老師說基于這種認(rèn)識(shí)，再加上對(duì)英語語言無把握，考生在時(shí)間和心理壓力很大的情況下進(jìn)行英文寫作時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)顯得手足無措。評(píng)判作文的二個(gè)初級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1.詞匯：用詞面的寬2.結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)雜句的量3.道地：how much Chinglish【Sample 1】a. Reading makes us happy.b. Reading is a major source of human happiness.c. There is no doubt that reading is a major source of human happiness.【Sample 2】a. The Internet is very important in our lives and work.b. The Internet is playing an increasingly important role in practically every aspect of our lives and work.c. It is obvious that the Internet is playing an increasingly important role in practically every aspect of our lives and work.Improved:1. Many rivers are so seriously polluted that there is no fish nor clean water can be found.2. Teachers play such an important role in education that their social status should be improved.3. She spent much less time studying than before, which is quite typical of senior students.4. In many IT companies where people work mainly with their brains, more attention must be given to sports5. One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail is the extent to which they take advantage of opportunities rather than the number of opportunities.6. Teenagers, pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, often resort to smoking like adults, though they feel a little guilty at times.7. Nuclear plants are a clean and economical way of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy, though people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hold a strong negative attitude toward them.8. Despite soaring tuition fees and room-and-board charges, getting their children into college continues to be the goal of millions of Chinese people who think higher education will bring them a good job.9. The US fast-food business, one of the most advanced in the world, has brought China benefits that go beyond providing consumers with more choice.10-a. The pressure of land is forcing more homes to be built on the land once covered with trees and farmland.10-b. Natural vegetation and even farmland is removed to make room for more houses due to the scarcity of land.Directions: Learn to develop.Living in city center is becoming is becoming not attractive. The first reason is that the house price keeps increasing, so more and more people cant buy apartment house in the city center and have to move to the suburbs. The second reason is that the city is full of traffic, it is noisy and dirty.Improved:It is obvious that living in the city center is becoming less attractive. For one thing, the soaring prices of housing in the city centers force more and more people to move to the suburbs, as they cannot afford to live in downtown. For another, the city centers now full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, and torn by the roar of buses and lorries are increasingly perceived as undesirable in the eyes of working people. MBA寫作練習(xí)：思想表達(dá)1. 在迅速發(fā)展的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，許多人都迫不急待地想發(fā)財(cái)致富，甚至?xí)幌б誀奚殬I(yè)道德為代價(jià)來賺錢。(fortune, at the cost of, sacrifice)1. With the rapid development of market economy, many people cannot wait to make a fortune, and will even do so at the cost of giving up work ethics.2. 這些做法不僅傷害了消費(fèi)者的信心和社會(huì)利益，同時(shí)也損害了企業(yè)自己的形象，從長遠(yuǎn)來看會(huì)減少它們的市場份額。(deeds, welfare, enterprises, image, share, in the long run)2. These practices/deeds not only harm customers confidence and social welfare, but also destroy the enterprises own image and decrease their market share in the long run.3. 根據(jù)我的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該采取行之有效的措施以便鼓勵(lì)自愿無償獻(xiàn)血。首先，應(yīng)該開展一個(gè)全國性的教育運(yùn)動(dòng)以便傳播無償獻(xiàn)血的必要性和知識(shí)。此外，應(yīng)該確立相應(yīng)的法律來保護(hù)那些獻(xiàn)血的人。只有以這種方法我們才能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧和健康的社會(huì)。(voluntary, donation, campaign, launch, harmonious)3. In my view, effective measures should be taken to encourage free/voluntary blood donation. First of all, a nation-wide education campaign should be launched to spread the necessity and knowledge of free blood donation. Besides, laws should be set up to protect those who donate blood. Only in this way can we create a harmonious and healthy society.4. 如同上面的柱狀圖所明確顯示的一樣，中國新生兒男女比例(116.9：100)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于國際認(rèn)同的最高警戒線(107:100)，在中國的一些地區(qū)，該比例甚至達(dá)到了150:100。圖中的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字反映了一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí)，應(yīng)該引起全社會(huì)的關(guān)注。(apparently, reveal, ratio, alert, statistics, grim, concern)4. As is apparently revealed in the bar chart above, the sex ratio of new-born babies in China (116.9 : 100) is much higher than that of the internationally accepted alert line(107: 100). In some parts of China, the ratio has even reached 150: 100. The statistics reflect a grim reality, which should arouse our social concern.5. 如同上面的圓餅圖所明確揭示的一樣，誠信和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是大多數(shù)工作單位對(duì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生和普通員工的兩個(gè)主要素質(zhì)要求。這個(gè)事實(shí)發(fā)人深省并且值得討論，因?yàn)槟壳皠趧?dòng)市場的競爭比以往任何時(shí)候都更加激烈。(credibility, requirement, thought-provoking, fierce)5. As is apparently revealed in the pie charts above, credibility and working experience are the twin leading quality requirements for college graduates and ordinary working staff by most working units. The very fact is most thought-provoking and worth discussing with the competition in labor market getting more fierce than ever before.6. 上面圖表的深層含義可以被簡述如下。首先，重要的是我們應(yīng)該對(duì)我們星球有更深刻的理解并且逐步樹立保護(hù)我們生存環(huán)境的意識(shí)。一些自然災(zāi)害是人類的錯(cuò)誤行為所造成的，例如對(duì)森林的無情破壞，過量排放氧化物以及過度開采地球，這一切均破壞了生態(tài)平衡。此外，必要的是我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到科學(xué)的預(yù)警機(jī)制和應(yīng)急機(jī)制的重要性。由于各種自然的災(zāi)害比以往任何時(shí)候都更加頻繁地出現(xiàn)，建立這兩個(gè)機(jī)制注定在拯救人類生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)方面發(fā)揮決定性的作用?？傊?，更好的理解人類與我們星球之間的關(guān)系以及建立有效的預(yù)警和應(yīng)急機(jī)制具有重要意義。(imperative, awareness, disaster, misconduct, excessive, exploitation, ecological, emergency rescue, decisive, ) 6. The implied meaning of the table above can be briefly stated as follows. To begin with, it is imperative that we should have a better understanding of our planet and build up the sense/awareness of protecting our living environment. Some of the natural disasters simply result from human misconducts, such as the relentless destruction of forests, excessive discharge of dioxide, and over-exploitation of the earth, which spoil the ecological balance. Whats more, it is quite necessary that we should realize the importance of a scientific warning system and an emergency rescue system. With the natural disasters of various kinds cropping up more frequently than ever before, the establishment of such systems is bound to play a decisive role in saving human lives and properties. In sum, a better understanding of the relationship between human beings and our planet and the building-up of a sound warning system and emergency rescue system are of great importance.7. 中國已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了、而且正在經(jīng)歷一個(gè)繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，許多公司如雨后春筍般拔地而起。而人們也拋棄了過去那種一生只做一份工作的根深蒂固的觀念，更換工作變得像家常便飯一樣普通。于是也出現(xiàn)了一系列的問題，包括員工們?nèi)绾螆?jiān)持職業(yè)道德、保守機(jī)構(gòu)秘密等。一些人得到新的工作僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄冋莆樟撕芏嗲閳?bào)，另一些人也許在無意中就泄露了機(jī)密信息。這兩種行為都會(huì)導(dǎo)致不公平的競爭、并且嚴(yán)重影響經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的良好運(yùn)行。(prosperous, boom, mushroom, deep-rooted, a series of, emerge, stick to, intelligence, unconsciously, reveal, well-functioning)7. As China has experienced, and is experiencing, a prosperous economic boom with numerous companies mushrooming, people start to throw away the deep-rooted thought that one should keep a single job as a life-long pursuit. Instead, job hopping has become as common as daily meals. A series of problems thus emerge, including how employees stick to their occupational discipline to keep secrets of different organizations. Some people are offered a new position merely for the intelligence they command, while others might reveal confidential information unconsciously. Their behavior leads to unfair competition and damages the otherwise well-functioning economic order.8. 我認(rèn)為必須采取有效的措施來結(jié)束這種現(xiàn)象。首先, 我們應(yīng)該在各行各業(yè)內(nèi)大力宣揚(yáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任和職業(yè)道德。其次，應(yīng)該制定和執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定, 嚴(yán)懲那些忽視食品安全的個(gè)人和企業(yè)。只有通過政府和社會(huì)的共同努力，我們才能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧和有序的社會(huì)。(measures, put an end to, advocate, ethics, regulations, enact, enforce, neglect, combined, harmonious, orderly)8. I maintain that effective measures must be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. Firstly, we need to advocate social responsibility and professional ethics in every field. Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to impose punishment on those individuals and businesses who neglect food safety. Only through the combined efforts of government and society can we create a harmonious and orderly society.【練習(xí)1】無疑，我們現(xiàn)在處于持續(xù)的壓力之下，要長時(shí)間工作，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更多，擁有更多，從而成為一名成功人士。于是工作狂(workaholism)-一種現(xiàn)代癖(addiction)，就這樣出現(xiàn)了。工作狂其根源是基于這樣一種認(rèn)識(shí)：通過長時(shí)間地工作、完成更多的項(xiàng)目，我們便能提高我們的自身價(jià)值。許多婦女今天感到同樣的壓力，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造，要出人頭地，而與此同時(shí)，又要養(yǎng)育子女，承擔(dān)起各種家庭責(zé)任。研究表明，工作狂往往使我們與家人的關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)。它會(huì)迫使我們長時(shí)間地勞作，僅留微乎其微的時(shí)間與我們所愛的人聚在一起、交流感情。家庭成員間的親密關(guān)系在此過程中注定要消亡。There is no doubt that today we are under constant pressure to work long hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modern addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth.Mary women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture/bring up/raise their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities.Research show that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces/compels us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a very small amount of/a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is certain/doomed to die in the process. 【練習(xí)2】更有效的解決方式或許在于去理解這一問題， 而不是回避這一問題。工業(yè)革命前，人們居住在聯(lián)系不方便的小社區(qū)里。在本村范圍內(nèi)，人們自然而然地期望