八種狀語從句知識點(diǎn)自己整理練習(xí)題及答案.doc

英語語法專項(xiàng)之狀語從句1.時(shí)間狀語從句2.條件狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.結(jié)果狀語從句5.比較狀語從句6.目的狀語從句7.讓步狀語從句8.地點(diǎn)狀語從句用來修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。各類狀語從句連接詞（短語）一覽表：時(shí)間when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before，aslongas（長達(dá)之久）條件If,unless,as/solongas(只要)原因As,because,since，as/solongas(既然,因?yàn)?地點(diǎn)Where目的Sothat(為了),inorderthat結(jié)果Sothat（方便）,sothat,suchthat讓步though,although,evenif,however方式As比較than,(not)asas1.時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句常見的從屬連詞有：(注意其漢語意義)when,while,as,before,after,since,until(till)onceassoonas,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,each/everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,nexttime,bythetime,whenever等。例如：Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometomyhelp.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.注意：（1）when,while,as的區(qū)別：1)when引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，主從句的動(dòng)作有先有后，也可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行,從句的動(dòng)作可以是持續(xù)性的，也可以是短暫的。如：WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.（主先從后）（短暫性）WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseasideonSundays.(同時(shí))（持續(xù)性）Whenthemovieended,thepeoplewentback.（從先主后）2)while側(cè)重主從句動(dòng)作的對比，且從句的動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性的。如：Whilewewerechattingshewaslookingatthetimetableonthewall3)as引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)側(cè)重主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)進(jìn)行，從句的動(dòng)作可以是持續(xù)性的，也可以是短暫的。如：SometimesIwatchTVasIamhavingbreakfast4）when和while還可以是并列連詞，意思分別是“就在這時(shí)”，“然而”。如：IwashavingarestonthesofawhenthetelephonerangTheyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheycouldnt.注：并列連詞when常用與以下句型中：was/weredoingwhen（正在做突然）was/wereabouttodowhen（剛要做突然）was/wereonthepointofdoingwhen(剛要做突然)hadjustdonewhen.(剛一就)Hardly/Scarcelyhaddonewhen(剛一就)(2)before引導(dǎo)從句時(shí),詞義非常靈活，注意下列句子中的before的詞義：1.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,thetailorhadmeasuredme.(還沒來得及就)2.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.(還沒就)3.Wehadsailed4daysbeforewesawland.(才)4.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁還沒就)(3)till(until)和nottill(until)1）till(until):主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性的，意思是“到為止“如：Heremainedtheretill/untilshearrived.2）nottill(until):主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是短暫性的，意思是“直到才”如：Shewontgotobedtill/untilhereturnshome.3）notuntil還有強(qiáng)調(diào)式和倒裝式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句：Itisnotuntilhereturnshomethatshewillgotobed.倒裝句：Notuntilhereturnshomewillshegotobed.(4)幾個(gè)極易混淆的時(shí)間狀語從句：1）Itwas+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when（當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候時(shí)間是）Itwas5amwhenwearrivedatthevillage.2）Itwas/willbe+時(shí)間段+before(沒過就過了才)Itwas/willbetwoweeksbeforewemet/meetagain.3）Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since（自從以來有）Itis/hasbeen3yearssincewelastmet.突破點(diǎn)：一看be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，二看時(shí)間段還是時(shí)間點(diǎn)。注意：在“Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since”句型中，從句的動(dòng)詞必須是短暫性的，如果是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，時(shí)間要從從句的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。如：Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我戒煙有三年了)補(bǔ)充：assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcely.when.和once這些從屬連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一就”。從句中一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng).，每次.；下次”等。1.Itwasquiet_thosebigtrucksstartedcomingthroughthetown.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.unless2.Itseemedonlyseconds_theboyfinishedwashinghisface.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.evenif3.Hardlyhadhereachedtheschoolgate_thebellrang.A.whileB.whenC.asD.assoonas4.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever5.Irecognizedyou_Isawyouattheairport.A.themomentB.whileC.afterD.once6.Hewasabouttogotobed_thedoorbellrang.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when7._Ilistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.A.EverytimeB.WhenC.WhileD.Until8._JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.A.AsB.AssoonasC.WhileD.Till9.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果園)_theysawtheguard.A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.as10.NosoonerhadIarrivedhome_itbegantorain.A.whenB.whileC.asD.than11.Severalweekshadgoneby_Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing.A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.when12.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.A.willnotbe;willknowB.is;willknowC.willnotbeknowD.is;know13.Whatwasthepartylike?-Wonderful.Itsyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since14.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe_.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving15._gotintotheroom_thetelephonerang.A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thenD.Nothadhe;when16.Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalk_hewassurroundedbytheworkers.A.asB.thenC.thanD.when17.DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes,Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once18.Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime19.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate20.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames_open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared答案：CBBBADACADBCDBBCBCCD2.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞：if(如果),unless(除非),incase(以防)時(shí)態(tài)：主將從現(xiàn)(可能會發(fā)生的事情)主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)(肯定會發(fā)生/祈使句)1.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，可位于前面或后面，但是如果放在后面，主從句用逗號隔開。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if，常見的if條件狀語從句表示在某條件下，某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的。如：Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou如果你請他幫忙，他會幫你的。Ifyoufailintheexam，youwilllethimdown如果你考試不及格，你會讓他失望的。Ifyouhavefinishedthehomework，youcangohome如果你作業(yè)做完了就可以回家了。另外，if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件，也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)，表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的一種假設(shè)。如：IfIwereyou，Iwouldinvitehimtotheparty如果我是你，我會邀請他參加聚會。IwouldhavearrivedmuchearlierifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic要不是交通堵塞，我本會來得早一些。另外你還要注意if條件句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配1if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)Ifherunshellgetthereintime.如果他用跑的，他就會及時(shí)趕到那兒。Thecatwillscratchyouifyoupullhertail.如果你拉貓的尾巴，它就會抓你。2if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用may/might/canIfthefoggetsthickertheplanemay/mightbediverted.如果霧在大一些，飛機(jī)可能就會改在別的機(jī)場降落。Ifitstopssnowingwecangoout.如果雪停了，我們就可以出去。3if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用must/shouldIfyouwanttoloseweightyoumust/shouldeatlessbread.如果你想減肥，你必須少吃面包。4if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Ifyouheaticeitturnstowater.(也可用willturn)如果把冰加熱，它就會化成水。5if從句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)IfyouarelookingforPeteryoullfindhimupstairs.如果你是在找彼得，上樓就會找到他。6if從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)IfyouhavefinisheddinnerIllaskthewaiterforthebill.如果你吃完了，我就叫服務(wù)生來算賬注意：學(xué)習(xí)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的用法,現(xiàn)在總結(jié)一下:if條件句不一般,幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)記心間;條件句,放在前,逗號要放句中間。條件句表可能，主句多用將來時(shí)；條件句表事實(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，如果從句談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)有可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)及其產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)的結(jié)果，主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：Wecanwalkthereifwecantfindabus.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgotothezoo.Whatwillyoudoifyoufindapandaindanger.如果if條件句談?wù)摰氖侵貜?fù)發(fā)生和預(yù)示要發(fā)生的情景和事件，則主從句大多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：Ifbearsareindanger,theyattackpeople.在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，if和條件句位置靈活，可直接放在主句后面，若if條件句放句首，從句后面要加逗號，和主句隔開。還要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)一致原則if條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)一在正確的答案下劃一條線。1.Daina(willgo/go/goes)toEuropeifshe(willpass/pass/passes)theexams.2.Thegraduates(willteach/teach/teaches)inthepoorvillageiftheMinistryofEducation(willagree/agree/agrees)soon.3.Ifthere(willbe/are/is)acaraccident,they(willcall/call/calls)110forhelpatonce.4.Ifit(wont/dont/doesnt/isnt)rainy,we(willtake/take/takes)walkoutside.5.IfaUFO(willland/land/lands)infrontofme,I(willgo/go/goes)intolookforthealien.6.Ifhe(willhave/have/has)money,he(willbulid/build/builds)asciencelab.7.DontwaitformeifI(am/willbe)late.8.They(wont/dont)gotothebeachifit(willrain/rain/rains).9.I(willcall/call)youifhe(willstay/stay/stays)athome.10.MrSmith(willlet/let/lets)youknowifhe(willneed/need/needs)help.11.(Will/Do/Does)hevisitthemuseumifhe(wont/dont/doesnt)gettired?12.Where(will/do/does)theyliveifthey(willmiss/miss/misses)thebus?二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ifyou_(feel)tired,you_(have)tohavearest.2.Where_he_(see)thefilmifhe_(have)time?3.Ifthere_(be)fewertrees,there_(be)morepollution.4.He_(dress)morecasuallyifhe_(notwork)onweekends.5.IfMarcia_(live)alone,she_(keep)apetparrot.6.Lana_(buy)anewdressiftheoldone_(be)outofstyle.7.Thetwins_(fight)ifthey_(argue).8.I_(have)abakesaleifI_(need)moneyforeducation.9.Peter_(send)meabeautifulsouvenirifhe_(tour)Spain.10.IfMrGreen_(say)Iamhard-working,myparents_(feel)glad.11.I_(go)tothebeachifit_(notrain)thiswee12._they_(have)amatchiftheP.E.teacher_(be)busy?13.He_(write)alettertohisgrandparentsifhe_(get)hisreportcardthisweek.14.Ifshe_(get)uplate,she_(notcatch)theearlybus.15.Peter_(major)inEnglishifhe_(pass)theexamsinPekingUniversity.15.如果他到的晚了會發(fā)生什么事情？What_ifhe_late?16.如果努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得好成績。Ifyou_,you_good_.17.他如果看電視太久了，他的父母會不高興。Ifhe_TVtoomuch,hisparents_unhappy.18.如果我們?yōu)樗M織生日聚會，大家都會來的。Everyone_ifwe_abirthdayparty_him.19.如果明天不下雨，我會和你一起去公園的。Ifit_tomorrow,I_gotothepark_you.20.如果她睡過頭了，就會旅游遲到的。She;_thetripifshe_.21.如果他有空，他會幫助你的。Ifhe_,he_you.22.如果Tom考試不及格，他就沒有機(jī)會上高中了。Tom_havethe_togotothe_highschoolifhe_theexams.23.你如果抄同學(xué)的作業(yè)就不能學(xué)好各門功課。You_goodatallthesubjectsifyou_theotherstudentshomework.單項(xiàng)選擇（15分）1.Ifyou_totheparty,youllhaveagreattime.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.going2.Itwillbealongtime_Peter_hiswork.A.since,hasfinishedB.after,finishesC.when,willfinishD.before,finishes.3.Whatwillfather_usfromJapan?A.takeB.bringC.carryD.make4.Weifangisfamous_kites.A.forB.toC.onD.with5I_hertheanswerifshe_me.A.cantell,willaskB.willtell,willaskC.wouldtell,askD.willtell,asks6.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?-Wellgotothelibrarytomorrowifit_.A.isntrainB.rainC.wontrainD.doesntrain7.Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow?-Sorry,Idontknow.Whenhe_back,Illtellyou.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.maycome8.Whatwillyoudoifyou_totheoldfolkshomevisit?A.goB.wentC.goingD.willgo9.IfIeat_food,Illbeveryfat.A.toomanyB.manytooC.toomuchD.muchtoo10.Illgivethebooktohimifhe_herenextSunday.A.willcomeB.comesC.iscomingD.came11.There_anEnglishfilminourschooltomorrow.A.isgoingtohaveB.willhaveC.isgoingtobeD.has12.Couldyoutelluswhere_？A.willthenextOlympicGamesheldB.thenextOlympicGameswillbeheldC.wouldthenextOlympicGamesbeheldD.thenextOlympicGameswouldbeheld13.Whenmymotherreturnedlastnight,I_abook.A.readB.amreadingC.wasreadingD.amgoingtoread14.What_you_whenitbegantorain?A.do,doB.were,doingC.are,doingD.did,do15.Illwakeyouupwhenhe_back.A.willB.isgoingtocomeC.comesD.come1-5CDBAD6-10DAACB11-15CBCBCe.g.IwillcallyouifIcome.或IfIcome,Iwillcome.(主將從現(xiàn))如果明天不下雨，我們將去野炊。_Ifyoudropthevase,itfallsintopieces.(主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn))如果你摔花瓶的話，它就會變成碎片。如果你把水冷卻的話，它就會變成冰。_Ifyouhaveanyproblems,pleasecallme.如果你知道答案，請舉手。_2.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，位置和if引導(dǎo)的一樣。Unless=if.notE.g.Ifyoudontstudyhard,youwillnotpasstheexam.=Unlessyoustudyhard,youwillnotpasstheexam.除非你努力工作，否則你不會得到高工資。（highsalary）。_3.條件狀語從句和祈使句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。結(jié)構(gòu)：祈使句，and/or+從句（and:那么or否則）1.) Workhard,andyouwillgetahighsalary.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillgetahighsalary.2.)Workhard,oryouwillnotgetahighsalary.=Unlessyouworkhard,youwillnotgetahighsalary.=Ifyoudontworkhard,youwillnotgetahighsalary.練習(xí)一在正確的答案下劃一條線。1.Daina(willgo/go/goes)toEuropeifshe(willpass/pass/passes)theexams.2.Thegraduates(willteach/teach/teaches)inthepoorvillageiftheMinistryofEducation(willagree/agree/agrees)soon.3.Ifthere(willbe/are/is)acaraccident,they(willcall/call/calls)110forhelpatonce.4.Ifit(wont/dont/doesnt/isnt)rainy,we(willtake/take/takes)walkoutside.5.IfaUFO(willland/land/lands)infrontofme,I(willgo/go/goes)intolookforthealien.6.Ifhe(willhave/have/has)money,he(willbulid/build/builds)asciencelab.3.原因狀語從句A、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞原因狀語從句一般由從屬連詞because,as,since，nowthat引導(dǎo)。B、because,as,since和nowthat的區(qū)別：1、because“因?yàn)椤保硎局苯拥脑?，語氣最強(qiáng)。1）why提問的句子，必須用because回答。2）because的從句常放在主句之后。3）because不能與so連用。4）because+從句；becauseof+名詞短語ImissedthetrainbecauseIgotuplate.Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.-Whydidnthecomeyesterday?-Becausehewasill.because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。注意：“not.because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句，例如：Thecountryisnotstrongbecauseitislarge.國強(qiáng)不在大。2、as“因?yàn)椤?，語氣較弱，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號隔開，表示的是明顯的原因。Ashewasnotwell,Idecidedtogotherewithouthim.Asitwasraininghard,wehadtobeindoors.3、since/nowthat“既然”，一般放在主句前，中間用逗號隔開，表示的是明顯的原因或眾所周知的事實(shí)。Since/Nowthatthismethoddoesntwork,letstryanother.Since/Nowthatyoufeelill,youdbetternotgotowork.C、for引導(dǎo)的并列句與原因狀語從句的辨析并列連詞for“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)的不是從句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗號把它和前面的分句隔開。對主句補(bǔ)充說明理由或推斷原因。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotcomeforbreakfast.Exercise:一、填入恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞1.Ididntgotoschoolyesterday_Iwasill.2._everybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting.3._youareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.4.Iaskedhertostaytotea,_Ihadsomethingtotellher.5._allthepassengersarehere,whydontwestartatonce?6.Billwontmakeanyprogress_hedoesntstudyharderthanbefore.7.Hemighthavegonetobed,_thelightwentout.二、改寫句子,保持句意不變1)Theshipchangeditscoursebecausetherewasastorm.Theshipchangeditscourse_.2)Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschool.Hewasill,_hedidntgotoschool.3)Hecouldntwalkbecausehislegwasbroken.Hecouldntwalk_his_leg.4)Icamebackbecauseitwasrainingheavily.Icameback_the_rain.三、回家作業(yè)：一、填入恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞1._youdonotunderstand,Iwillexplainagain.2._Janewastheoldestinthisfamily,shehadtolookaftertheothers.3.Hemustbeill,_heisabsenttoday.4.Theteachermustbestrictwithyou_theywantyoutomakegreatprogress.5._yourfatheriswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout.6.Thedaybreaks,_thebirdsaresinging.7._youareill,youdbettergotoseethedoctor.8._shewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.二、選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?.Themancantgetonthebus_thereisnoroomonit.A.thoughB.becauseC.untilDsothat2._herdaughterhadntcomeback,_shelookedworried.A.Because,/B.Because,soC.Though,butD.Though,/3._youvegotachance,youmightmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas4.Hefounditdifficulttoread,_hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or5.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,_achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.A.soB.butC.andD.for原因狀語從句練習(xí)題I.在下列句子的空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞(每空一詞)：1._Janewastheeldest,shelookedaftertheothers.2._youknowit,Iwontrepeatit.3.Hedidntheartheknockatthedoor_hewaslisteningtotheradio.4.Whydidntyoucome?_myfatherwouldntletme.5._everybodyishere,letsbeginthediscussion.II.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(把下列復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)換