初中英語教師課堂常用語.doc

課堂教學(xué)用語是教師組織課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)時(shí)所使用的語言，是成功課堂教學(xué)的保證之一。教師課堂教學(xué)語言的質(zhì)量在某種意義上是教師基本素質(zhì)的縮影。教師在使用課堂教學(xué)用語時(shí)應(yīng)注意使用策略，要注意體現(xiàn)“人本性”，注重學(xué)生的情感因素。教師的課堂教學(xué)用語從教學(xué)功能上可分為五大類：（招呼/問候語，提問語，反饋語，指示/演示語，告別語）1招呼/問候語教師的課堂教學(xué)實(shí)際上從其走進(jìn)教室的那一刻起就開始了。A good beginning makes a good ending. 一個(gè)好的開端對于一堂課來說非常重要。教師主動(dòng)、友好地同學(xué)生打招呼，不僅可以喚起學(xué)生的注意力，使其為開始上課作好準(zhǔn)備，還可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)平等、和諧、愉快的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍, 以保證課堂教學(xué)的順利進(jìn)行。參考用語：l Hi! Good morning/ afternoon.l Good morning/afternoon, class./boys and girls.l Its so nice/Im so happy to see you again. l Good , you look great/ wonderful today.l How are you doing?l Hows it going？l You look so happy, any good news?l OK, class/ boys and girls , are you ready to have class/begin?l (Instead of saying: “You”)l May I know your name?l (Thats a nice name.)l Could you tell me your name, please?l (Youve got a beautiful name. I really like it. )l Shall we begin our lesson now?l Lets start our class, shall we?l 2提問語 l 教師在提問時(shí)態(tài)度和聲音要和藹、可親。提問語的使用要注意體現(xiàn)對學(xué)生的尊重, 不要讓學(xué)生感到緊張，有壓力。注意提問語的使用策略可減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)焦慮情緒，保護(hù)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。l 參考用語：l Whod like to answer the question?l Who can answer the question?l Who knows the answer?l Whod like to have a try?l Would you like to try, Mary?l Tim, would you like to have a try?l Do you want to try, Lee?l Would you like a second try?l Would you like someone to help you?l Whod like to help?l Whod like to read the text?l Who can spell the word “”?l Can you spell the word “”?l Do you know the Chinese/English of the word?l Whats the English/Chinese for “”?l Any volunteer? l Any one/ boy/ girl?l Have I made it clear?l Is it clear to you?l You see the point?l Got it? / Did you get it?l Are you alright with it?l Are you OK with the practice?l Have you done/finished your work/exercise yet?l 3反饋語l 反饋語是課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)的重要組成部分，是教師評價(jià)和評估學(xué)生課堂表現(xiàn)的重要手段，也是推動(dòng)教學(xué)活動(dòng)進(jìn)展的有效方法。對學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)的評價(jià)現(xiàn)在提倡多種方式和多元化。這其中反饋語是教師對學(xué)生課堂表現(xiàn)的一種評價(jià)方式。教師要注意樹立評價(jià)意識。不僅要對學(xué)生課堂上的學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)給予評價(jià)，對學(xué)生情感、態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)都應(yīng)通過評價(jià)給予鼓勵(lì)，達(dá)到激勵(lì)學(xué)生的目的。l 在使用語言行為評價(jià)時(shí)教師要注意語氣和目光的注視，使學(xué)生對老師的表揚(yáng)和肯定感到真切。l 對學(xué)生有創(chuàng)意的，創(chuàng)新的思維火花及靈感要及時(shí)地、充分地、大大地給與肯定。不妨使用夸張些的語言。l 在語言評價(jià)中教師一定要注意語言的使用及使用的策略性。教師的一句話有可能會(huì)影響學(xué)生的一生。如果教師總是說某個(gè)學(xué)生笨，這個(gè)學(xué)生有可能就會(huì)認(rèn)為自己不是學(xué)習(xí)的料，因而放棄努力。當(dāng)學(xué)生對自己沒有信心時(shí)，教師的一句鼓勵(lì)的話，就有可能激勵(lì)他獲得成功。因此，教師在課堂上一定要注意所使用的語言，要注意體現(xiàn)反饋語的“人本性”，注重學(xué)生的情感因素。l 反饋語可分為肯定式評語、參與式評語和啟發(fā)式糾錯(cuò)。l 肯定式評語l 教師在使用肯定式評語對學(xué)生的課堂表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行肯定和表揚(yáng)時(shí)，一定要讓學(xué)生感到老師是在由衷地夸獎(jiǎng)他。要避免敷衍和流于形式。不要濫用Good。有的老師過多地單一使用 Good 評價(jià)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)，很難使學(xué)生從中受到激勵(lì)，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。l 參考用語：l Not bad. Thank you. (Im sure you can do better next time.)l Good！Thank you. (I could see youve practiced a lot.)l Good boy/ girl . Thats a good answer. Thank you. l Quite good! (I really appreciate your effort.)l Very good！(I really enjoy it.)l Great! (You did a good job.)l Excellent! (Lets give him/her a big hand!)l Wonderful！(Im so proud of you.)l Well done! (Good boy/girl.)l Your answer is very good! (I admire your work.)l Nice going! (You make a great progress.)l 對學(xué)生有創(chuàng)意的、創(chuàng)新的思維火花及靈感，發(fā)言中的閃光點(diǎn)的肯定可以使用以下的用語：l What a bright idea! Thank you.l Thats a great answer. （I really like it.）l You did a good job! (Were so proud of you!)l Good point! (I really enjoy it.)l Good job! （Im very pleased with your work.）l Smart! (What an adorable baby!)l Clever! (I envy you very much。 )l Perfect! （Youre very professional.）l You are such a smart boy/girl! l You got sharp eyes/ears. l I couldnt believe my ears！l 參與式評語l 在采用學(xué)生之間互相評價(jià)的手段時(shí)，教師要注意不要拿學(xué)生跟別人比，要拿學(xué)生同他自己比。教師可以說：同學(xué)們說某某同學(xué)說得好不好呀？進(jìn)步大不大呀？ l 在讓學(xué)生參加評價(jià)時(shí)可以使用疑問和反意疑問句：l Is it good?l Isnt it a good answer?l Do you like his/her answer/reading? l Did he/she do a good job?l Thats a fantastic answer, isnt it？l He/she did an excellent job, didnt he/she?l (3) 啟發(fā)式糾錯(cuò)l 當(dāng)學(xué)生犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，教師要避免使用否定的評價(jià)語言，如：You are wrong. Its not correct. 對回答不出問題來的學(xué)生不要簡單地使用“Sit down”，要給他們可能獲得成功的機(jī)會(huì)，鼓勵(lì)他們，保護(hù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。如：l Thats very close. Go on! l Its almost right. Try again, please.l Come on! Think it over. Im sure you can do it.l Im sure you can do it if you really try. (See? You did it really well.)l Sorry, Im sure you can do it better next time.l Im sorry. Would you like a second try? /Would you like to try again?l Not bad. Go on, please.l Come on, Its very close.l It doesnt matter. Im sure you can do it better next time.l 非語言評價(jià)及策略l 非語言評價(jià)既運(yùn)用手勢，表情（眼神、面容、微笑）及其他肢體動(dòng)作語言（body language） 來對學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行的評價(jià)。在使用語言行為評價(jià)方式的同時(shí)注意非語言評價(jià)方式的使用可以加強(qiáng)評價(jià)效果。l 方式和策略： l 微笑加語言。l 用力點(diǎn)頭-是一種肯定。l 驚訝的表情 + 可表示贊賞。l 豎起大拇指，可表示一種高度的贊賞。增強(qiáng)自信心，獲得成就感。l 一只手手心朝上不斷煽動(dòng)四指同時(shí)說道：Yes, come on, come on. 或Yes, go on。這種語言行為和非語言行為手勢的同時(shí)使用，不僅對學(xué)生的發(fā)言是一種鼓勵(lì)和肯定，同時(shí)還可以激勵(lì)、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將發(fā)言進(jìn)行下去，啟發(fā)學(xué)生思維。不斷的啟發(fā)和鼓勵(lì)能夠起到引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思維，培養(yǎng)思維習(xí)慣的作用。l 鼓掌-當(dāng)學(xué)生任務(wù)完成得出色時(shí)，教師可鼓掌表示贊揚(yáng)。也可以號召學(xué)生一起鼓掌。掌聲可以使人產(chǎn)生成就感，增強(qiáng)自信心。l 撫摸孩子的頭，拍拍孩子的肩膀也是一種鼓勵(lì)性的非語言行為的評價(jià)手段。這一手段的使用會(huì)使回答正確的孩子心中蕩起美孜孜的幸福感和對老師的親近感。這種感覺可以拉近孩子和老師的距離，拉近他們和英語課堂的距離，使他們喜歡上課并激發(fā)表達(dá)的欲望。對于回答錯(cuò)誤的孩子，這一手段的使用可以起到安慰、消除他們心中的不安及沮喪、緩解焦慮情緒的作用。（此方法僅可用于低年級）l 4指示/演示語 l 在組織課堂教學(xué)時(shí)，教師使用的指示語和演示語要避免過長和含糊不清，要力求簡潔、清晰并且和藹、可親，避免過于生硬。例如：l Now class/ boys and class, class begins. l Today, were going to learn l Now, open your books, please. Turn to page . l Now, class/ boys and girls/ children, please look at the blackboard/picture/your books/ page five.l Please read the together. One, two, three, go!l Now, lets sing the song together.l Now, lets enjoy the song from the tape.l Well, lets go on. Please look at page l This time, you do it one by one.l Now, listen to the tape.l Now, listen to me, please.l Now, Ill read the , please follow me.l Now class/ boys and girls/ children , read after me/ the tape.l Follow me, please.l Just follow me, class .l Yes, please. (To answer “ Let me try or let me answer the question ”)l Please show me how well you can do/ read it.l Come to the front, please. / please come to the front . Thank you. l Thank you. Please go back to your seat.l Thank you. You can go back now.l Its your turn, Sue.l OK, class/ boys and girls/ children , please stand up.l Please sit down.l Please do it now.l OK, go!l Please work in pairs/ in groups/ individually/ by yourselves.l Now, class/ boys and girls/ children, write/put the Chinese/English under/next to each word/picture. l Now, lets do the exercise. l Now, class/ boys and girls/ children, find a partner and role-play the conversation.l Work with your partner and answer the questions.l OK, class/ boys and girls/ children, time is up. Please stop working/ talking now.l Please stop here.l Now, break time.l Lets have/ take a break.l Good class/ boys and girls/ chil