北京師范大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育2011年期末考試英語復(fù)習(xí)資料.docVIP

北京師范大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育大學(xué)英語（二）2011年1月期末考試指導(dǎo)考試說明1. 考試時(shí)間：90分鐘。2. 試卷總分：100分。3. 試卷題型：交際用語；閱讀理解；詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)；完型填空；翻譯；寫作。二、 重點(diǎn)知識(shí)及習(xí)題（一）重點(diǎn)知識(shí) 第一部分：交際用語答題技巧：這部分主要考察日常英語交際能力，考察內(nèi)容全部為日常生活的對(duì)話，相對(duì)來說這部分比較簡單，掌握常用的交際用語原則和習(xí)慣搭配就好。但是也要注意這方面的題目往往上充滿陷阱，答題時(shí)一定要做到仔細(xì)，不能一晃而過。考前請(qǐng)同學(xué)們一定要把課本里面的每單元Talk about it 部分多讀幾遍，熟悉關(guān)于問候、感謝以及一些其它的日常話題。1、交際用語的原則：在學(xué)習(xí)、使用和復(fù)習(xí)交際用語部分時(shí)，大家要掌握使用交際用語的幾個(gè)原則：A. 禮貌原則。無論在任何場(chǎng)合、表達(dá)什么看法/情感，發(fā)話/發(fā)問和應(yīng)答都要有禮貌，即使表達(dá)不同看法或批評(píng)意見，也要委婉間接表達(dá)。 對(duì)于別人的要求如果不同意，也要先說sorry，然后用but做連接詞表示委婉。 對(duì)于別人給予的好意，首先要表示感謝，用thanks或thank you，其次不可斷然拒絕或否定別人的做法，如果不同意可以用but做連接詞表示委婉。B. 利他原則。在日常交際中，英語國家人民形成了一種習(xí)俗，即要盡可能為對(duì)方提供幫助和方便，對(duì)別人遇到的好事、成功要表示高興，壞事要表示難過、惋惜，因此在交際用語中也要體現(xiàn)出來這種傾向別人的好消息，要表示祝賀對(duì)別人的道歉表示接受，并說明無關(guān)緊要2、特定場(chǎng)景中的慣用語 1). 打電話的常用語Whos that speaking?This is Tom speaking.在電話用語中用This is/ that is來表示通話中的雙方，動(dòng)詞則常用speaking和talking。2). 征詢意見的用語和答語How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight?Thats great!How about going to the cinema tonight, Jane？Im sorry. I have to drive my mother home tonight.Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water？ Id rather stay here if you dont mindWhat about、how about、shall we用來詢問情況、征求意見，表示贊同的答語可以用why not?Good ideaWonderful等，在表示不同意見時(shí)應(yīng)注意委婉，比如Im afraid that.Im sorry that。（3）購物消費(fèi)的常用語Excuse me, how much is the jacket?Its 499 Yuan. Would you like to try it on?How much? 這是在購物時(shí)常見的“詢價(jià)”用語，一般由顧客發(fā)起，由售貨員來回答，try on的意思是“試穿”。舉例：1. Whos that speaking? This is Tom_. A. speaks B. spoken C. speaking D. saying2. _ He teaches physics in a school. A. What does your father want to do? B. Who is your father? C. What is your father? D. Where is your father now?3. Ive got the first prize in the dancing contest. A. Youre welcome. B. Its very kind of you.C. Please accept my congratulations. D. Oh, really, I cant believe my ears.4. Ive passed the examination. A. What a pity! B. I have the examinationC. Come on. D. Congratulations5. Im suffering from a stomachache. A. Are you feeling better? B. Why are you here?C. Are you pleased? D. Whats the matter with you?6. What would you like to drink? A. Anything wrong. B. Very goodC. Well done. D. orange juice, please.7. Im engaged. on your engagement.A. Congratulations B. Pleasure C. Welcome D. Cheers第二部分：閱讀理解答題技巧：這部分是英語考試的重點(diǎn)，其所占分值也是比較大的，因此閱讀理解做得好與壞就成了考試成功與否的關(guān)鍵。在做閱讀理解時(shí)需要注意到以下幾點(diǎn)：1、閱讀文章之前，可以先瀏覽一下文后的問題，做到心中有數(shù)，帶著問題去閱讀，提高閱讀的效率。2、第一遍閱讀時(shí)先快速瀏覽文章各個(gè)段落的首尾句，了解文章的大體結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷文章的類別，根據(jù)各類文章的性質(zhì)，在開始閱讀后有意識(shí)的著重去掌握和記住某些關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容和詞匯。3、第二遍細(xì)讀，答題時(shí)注意找出主體句，利用主體句查找有關(guān)信息。4、掌握好解題的速度，有效的控制考試時(shí)間，先易后難是考試時(shí)答題的一般方法。碰到難題不要鉆牛角尖，耽誤太多時(shí)間。要懂得果斷的舍棄。5、對(duì)于一般不影響句子或全文理解的生詞，可以放過去，不必務(wù)求理解。舉例：Passage 1My secret for staying young is simple. Put all attention to the part of your brain and keep it young and growing. Keep your mind awake and youll stay young all over. These are exciting times. Take an interest in the world around you, and stick to learning at least one new thing every day. No matter how old you are, its not too late to make your life more interesting. I know a housewife with no knowledge before she made herself into a well-known engineer. I know a retired electrical engineer who has become a highly-paid dress designer. Get over the idea that you are too old to go back to school. I know a man who entered medical college at 70. He got his degree with honours and became a famous doctor. Another man went to law school at 71 and now was an active lawyer. Staying young is easy for those, old or young, who live in the future. You can do it if you care enough to try. Keep your mind awake and active: thats the only way. 1. According to the passage, that peoples brain of all ages remains young and growing is_. A. impossible B. a scientific fact C. a secret D. a wrong conclusion 2. It is wrong for the old to_.A. think himself too old to go back to school B. keep his mind awakeC. try to stay young D. lead an active life3. The passage says that the man who entered college at 70 _.A. was unthinkable B. became tired of his lifeC. wanted to be a highly-paid man D. became famous in the medical circle4. The only way to keep young is_.A. to go back to school B. not to consider ones ageC. to live in the future D. to keep ones mind awake and alive5. The writer suggests that you should _learning at least one new thing every day.A. take care of B. set out C. keep on D. turn toPassage 2Completing teacher evaluations requires maturity and objectivity. Every semester we are given the opportunity to evaluate our instructors. We are supposed to judge their lectures, interest in student problems, methods of assigning work, and general abilities to conduct class. Then when the instructor has left the room, we must write our evaluations on the forms provided. We are not supposed to exchange views or discuss our responses. After everyone has completed the forms, one student collects and tallies(點(diǎn)數(shù)) the responses and then seals(密封) them in an envelope.It is very difficult to evaluate another persons performance objectively. For example, Sally recently wrote irresponsible remarks about her instructor because she was failing the course. Her classmate Harry wrote a marvelous description of the same instructor because he was receiving an A in the course. Neither Sally nor Harry was fairly evaluating the instructor. They were influenced by the grades they were earning and were biased(存在偏見) in their judgments.Another irresponsible form of evaluation occurred when James rated his instructor as excellent because the instructor was “easy”. He gave few tests and only assigned one paper during the entire term. His lectures were often filled with jokes and endless stories about his family. On the other hand, James rated Professor Jones as poor because he assigned text work daily, gave pretest reviews and posttest reviews, and packed his lecture with information.Sally, Harry, and James have not thought about their instructors teaching abilities. They wrote unfair evaluations and did not give thought to their ratings. They were swayed(影響) by personality and equated（相提并論）little work with excellence in teaching.1. Students should evaluate their instructors _.A. by discussing opinions with their classmatesB. by discussing opinions with their instructorsC. by writing letters and sealing them in envelopesD. by filling in the provided forms on their own2. Harry and Sally are both influenced by _ in teacher evaluations.A. the instructors teaching attitudeB. the instructors teaching abilityC. the grades the instructor givesD. the teaching methods of the instructor 3. The word “rated” (Line 1, Paragraph 3. )is closest in meaning to which of the following?A. Evaluated. B. Biased. C. Assigned. D. Required.4. According to the passage, Harry, Sally, and James should have _.A. been more aware that teaching is no easy jobB. paid more attention to the instructors teaching abilitiesC. equated good personality with excellence in teachingD. thought more about the effect of their evaluations on the instructors5. According to the author, teacher evaluation should be written _.A. collectively B. objectively C. neatly D. regularlyPassage 3 As early as the 1550s, a rough form of railroad was already being used in parts of Europe. Miners in England and other areas of western Europe used horse-drawn wagons on wooden tracks to pull loads out of the mines. With these tracks, the horses could carry twice as much coal as they could without them. But no one could have known that one day this simple idea would change the world.There were many developments along the way that helped make railroads a practical and valuable form of transportation. Two of the most important were iron track and the flanged (工字形的) wheel, which has a rim (輪圈) around it to hold it onto the track. But the most important of all was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1765. Before that, all cars were pulled by horses or mules.The first railroads in the United States were built during the late 1820s.They caused a lot of excitement.They were much faster than other forms of travel, and they could provide service year round, unlike boats and stagecoaches(驛站馬車). Trains were soon the main means of travel.Railroads played a major part in the Industrial Revolution the years of change when machines were first used to do work that had been done by hand for many centuries. Trains provided cheaper rates and quicker service for transporting goods. Because manufacturers could ship their goods over long distances, they could sell their products all over the nation instead of only in the surrounding cities and towns. This meant greater profits for the companies. Trains also brought people into the cities to work in factories.1. What happened in the mid-sixteenth century according to the passage?A. Railroad was widely used in Europe.B. Horse-drawn wagons were used on wooden tracks to pull loads out of the mines.C. Miners in western Europe built a rough form of railroad to carry coal to England.D. An early form of railroad was invented by British miners.2. The pronoun them in the first paragraph refers to _.A. coal miners B. the horsesC. wagons D. wooden tracks3. What was the most important development that made railroads practical means of transportation?A. Steam engine. B. Iron track.C. Flanged wheel. D. Wooden tracks.4. Trains have all the advantages except that _.A. they provide cheaper rates and faster services for transporting goodsB. they help manufacturers sell their products in places where higher prices are offeredC. they help generate greater profits for companiesD. they were used only to ship goods in those early days5. The best title for this passage is _.A. Mining B. Means of TransportationC. RailroadsD. Railroads and the Industrial Revolution第三部分：詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)答題技巧：這部分主要考察的是英語語法與詞匯的理解及其運(yùn)用，主要靠平時(shí)的不斷積累和訓(xùn)練。具體技巧：1、對(duì)詞類的詞形變化規(guī)則要熟悉，概念要清楚，記憶要準(zhǔn)確，聯(lián)想要快捷。2、在句中填寫單詞時(shí)，注意看清所填單詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，看清所填單詞前面的修飾語，看是否是固定句式或慣用搭配。3、利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析和推理，便能輕而易舉地猜出詞義，寫出單詞。此外，在做詞匯題時(shí)，還可以使用排除法。錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)主要體現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面：A. 選項(xiàng)本身語法錯(cuò)誤，如主謂、時(shí)態(tài)不一致，形式不符；B.選項(xiàng)議題與談話主題無關(guān)；C. 選項(xiàng)雖然與談話主題有關(guān)，但不能提供發(fā)問者要求的信息、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。1. Ive tried to _ quarreling with him, but his behavior always makes me angry.A. ignore B. avoid C. consider D. cancel 2. Nick is very _about using computers, though he is only a freshman.A. good B. dependent C. confident D. interested 3. Its a long trip, _ road you take.A. whatever B. whenever C. whoever D. whichever 4. The room was so noisy that it was several hours _ I got to sleep again.A. since B. after C. unless D. before 5. Although George has many personal problems, he _ present every day since the first day of class.A. has been B. had been C. is D. was 6. Each individual has his own right to _ his own career and freedom.A. find B. pursue C. consider D. register 7. They aimed to _ a new theory of evolution based on the latest findings in archaeology (考古學(xué)).A. define B. produce C. construct D. instruct 8. She should spend _ one hour practicing spoken English every day if she hopes to pass the College Spoken English Test in November.A. at last B. at best C. at most D. at least 9. A _word is often on a higher pitch and it has a longer duration, i.e. the vowel appears to be longer.A. pressed B. crucial C. stressed D. impressed 10. The students _ to the teacher that they had too much school work to do, and as a result, they had little time to relax.A. complained B. charged C. insisted D. maintained 11. Most broadcasters _ that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is exaggerated. A. propose B. oppose C. persist D. maintain 12. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines, so that each worker _ more _ the production of the cars on his line. A. devotesto B. comparesto C. contributesto D. concentrateson13. Until recently dentists have _ the fact that more patients never see much more than the ceiling of the practice room. A. neglected B. avoided C. missed D. ignored14. One of the great values of the personal computer is that smaller firms, smaller organizations can now have some of the _ over the bigger ones. A. benefits B. privileges C. potentials D. advantages15. These stories stressed the idea that all individuals, no matter how poor, were _ of becoming wealthy as long as they were hardworking and honest. A. capable B. able C. likely D. fond16. Could you give me rough _of what the job might cost? A. value B. correction C. account D. estimate17. John was going to join the protest march, but he_ at the last minute. A. backed up B. backed out C. backed into D. backed down18. The man_ in horror when he saw the tiger. A. drew back B. drew in C. drew out D. went back19. _ an assignment to make a business tour abroad, he gladly accepted it. A. On being given B. On given C. On giving D. On having given20. You must walk through the underground_ to get across that busy street A. way B. road C. passage D. route第四部分：完型填空答題技巧：這部分題目是集詞語辨析、詞的用法以及搭配、語法、單句理解、語篇理解的考查為一體的綜合題，不但要求同學(xué)們具有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且還要求必須具備較強(qiáng)的分析理解、邏輯推斷能力及語感。解題時(shí)注意以下三點(diǎn)：首先通覽全文，了解大意。由于完型填空試題主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們?cè)谡Z篇層面上綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力，在解答試題的之前應(yīng)快速閱讀全文，抓住文章的主題，搞清作者的思路及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。其次找到文章的突破口之后，就要趁著思路清晰時(shí)，快速做出反應(yīng)，一鼓作氣將文中所有能填的空填起來，不因某試題暫時(shí)給不了答案的題停留太久。最后，初選過后，可能還會(huì)留下一些空檔，此時(shí)，再重讀文章，從語義和邏輯的角度審視全文，看其是否通順流暢、條理清晰、符合邏輯。與此同時(shí)，將未填的空檔全部補(bǔ)齊。由于選答案時(shí)講求一氣呵成，初選過后還應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文對(duì)有疑問或把握不準(zhǔn)的答案進(jìn)行推敲。舉例：A rich American went into a shop in London. He wanted very much _1_ a nice-looking watch. He saw a watch and liked it so much that he decided to buy it. But the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it._2_ the American was hesitating, a young man suddenly came into the shop, took _3_out of the owners hand and ran out with it. It all happened in_4_seconds. When the owner ran out _5_the street, the young man had already _6_among the people. The American went on. At the next corner, he saw _7_with the stolen watch in his hand, Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir? he said in a low voice, Its only a hundred dollars. The young man doesnt know I saw him _8_the watch just now, he thought. The American paid at once and went happily back to his room with the watch. He told his friend about the fine watch. His