2019版高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse講義外研版.docx

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 一積詞匯見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣 課內(nèi)單詞回扣(一)閱讀詞匯寫(xiě)其義1random adj. 任意的；隨機(jī)的_ 2.sympathy n 同情；同情心3consistent adj. 一致的；吻合的_ 4.deliberately adv. 蓄意地，故意地5autonomous adj. 自治的 6.glory n. 光榮；榮譽(yù)(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫(xiě)其形1witness v. 目擊；親身經(jīng)歷 2.burst v. 爆炸3view v. 看，觀察 4.decade n. 十年5deed n. 行為 6.accuse v. 指責(zé)7consult v. 咨詢(xún)；請(qǐng)教 8.accustomed adj. 習(xí)慣的 9acknowledge v. 承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為 10.foresee v. 預(yù)知；預(yù)見(jiàn) 11abstract adj. 抽象的 12.pray v. 禱告；祈禱(三)拓展詞匯靈活用 1.relief n安慰；寬慰relieve v安慰；寬慰*2.assume v假定，假設(shè)assumption n假定，假設(shè)*3.patience n耐心patient adj.耐心的 n病人patiently adv.耐心地*4.depend v依靠；取決于dependent adj.依賴(lài)的dependence n依賴(lài)，依靠independence n. 獨(dú)立，自立*5.advanced adj.高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的advance v& n前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展*6.devotion n忠誠(chéng)devote v致力于devoted adj.忠誠(chéng)的 7.invasion n入侵invade v侵略，侵占invader n侵略者 8.commitment n忠誠(chéng)；奉獻(xiàn)commit v保證；承諾，忠于；投入；做出(錯(cuò)事)；犯(罪) 用上面標(biāo)注*的單詞的正確形式填空1At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband. After many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)2Mr Black is my devoted friend. He devotes his life to doing scientific research. I respect his devotion to science.(devote)3Although the patient was out of patience,_the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently. (patient)4They assumed that there would be a substitute for the earth but the assumption seemed impossible. (assume)5Our soldiers now can advance 300 miles a day in the desert with the help of the advanced Global Positioning System (全球定位系統(tǒng))(advance)話題單詞積累1astronaut/strnt/ n 宇航員2astronomer/strnm/ n. 天文學(xué)家3planet/plnIt/ n. 行星4telescope/telIskp/ n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡5universe/junIvs/ n. 宇宙6globe/lb/ n. 地球儀，地球7gravity/rvItI/ n. 重力，地球引力8orbit/bIt/ n. (天體等的)運(yùn)行軌道9rocket/rkIt/n. 火箭10atmosphere/tmsfI/ n. 大氣層，大氣11astronomy/strnmI/ n. 天文學(xué)12digital/dIdIt()l/ adj. 數(shù)字的13powerful/pafl/ adj. 強(qiáng)大的14wonder/wnd/n. 奇跡15resource/rIss/ n. 資源16secret/sikrIt/ n. 秘密17explore/Ikspl/ v. 探索18empower/Impa/ vt. 授權(quán)；使能夠19reveal/rIvil/ v. 揭示20complex/kmpleks/ adj. 復(fù)雜的21biotechnology/baI()teknldI/ n. 生物科技22transplant/trnsplnt/ n& v. 移植23robot/rbt/ n. 機(jī)器人24system/sIstm/ n. 系統(tǒng)；體系25data/deIt/ n. 數(shù)據(jù)，資料26database/deItbeIs/ n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)27Internet/Intnet/ n. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)28network/netwk/ n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)29cyberspace/saIbspeIs/ n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間30convenient/knvinInt/ adj. 方便的31calculate/klkjleIt/ v. 計(jì)算32represent/reprIzent/ v. 代表33serve/sv/ v. (為)服務(wù)34evolve/Ivlv/ v. 進(jìn)化35symbol/sImb()l/ n. 象征 二積短語(yǔ)頓挫抑揚(yáng) 課內(nèi)短語(yǔ)回扣(一)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出下列短語(yǔ)*1.make_it 成功；及時(shí)到達(dá)*2.set_out 開(kāi)始做；著手進(jìn)行；陳述*3.in_spite_of 不管，盡管，不顧*4.accuse_sb.of_(doing)_sth. 指責(zé)某人(做)某事*5.pray_for 祈望；祈求 6.a_series_of 一系列的；一連串的*7.be_accustomed_to 習(xí)慣于 8.at_the_very_beginning_of 在一開(kāi)始的時(shí)候 9.be_similar_to 與相似的 10.set_in_motion 使某事開(kāi)始(二)用上面標(biāo)注*的短語(yǔ)完成下列句子1It is much to her credit that Mary continued to work in_spite_of all the difficulties.2A great many teenagers are/were_accustomed_to playing computer games, wasting their precious time.3The football player was accused_of taking money for not scoring goals on purpose.4I know it is time for me to set_out to do my homework, but I just cant resist playing computer games.5Sir, please give me some money to buy some food.I will pray_for your health and long life.6Lucy failed in the computer test last time while I made_it.話題短語(yǔ)積累1explore space 探索太空2space shuttle 航天飛機(jī)3space station 太空站；空間站4solar system 太陽(yáng)系5the outer space 外太空6manned spaceship/spacecraft 載人飛船7unmanned spaceship/spacecraft 無(wú)人飛船8weather satellite 氣象衛(wèi)星9communication satellite 通信衛(wèi)星10launch/send up a satellite 發(fā)射衛(wèi)星11circle the moon 繞月12land on the moon 登月13return to earth 返回地球14carry out scientific experiments 開(kāi)展科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)15have access to space travel 能到太空旅游16virtual net 虛擬網(wǎng)17highspeed broadband networks 高速寬帶互聯(lián)網(wǎng)18with the popularity of the Internet 隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及 三積句式寫(xiě)作扮靚 課內(nèi)句式仿寫(xiě)1“no比較級(jí)than”表示“同一樣不”例句 The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.仿寫(xiě) 他的英語(yǔ)同我的英語(yǔ)一樣不好。His English is no_better_than_mine. 2否定詞前置的部分倒裝句例句 . little did he know what impact he was going to make.仿寫(xiě) 那個(gè)男孩對(duì)記者說(shuō)：“我一刻都沒(méi)有懷疑過(guò)我父親會(huì)來(lái)救我?！?“Never for a second，” the boy says to the reporter, “did_I_doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”3as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)例句 Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that .仿寫(xiě) 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但是他有廣泛的科學(xué)知識(shí)。Child_as_he_is,_he has a wide range of science knowledge.話題佳句背誦1In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.事實(shí)上，我們對(duì)宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。2It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，現(xiàn)代科技給我們的生活帶來(lái)方便和舒適。3I am convinced that human is able to use the Internet properly and scientifically.我相信，人類(lèi)能夠正確地、科學(xué)地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。四背語(yǔ)段語(yǔ)感流暢 It is known that human beings have been exploring the universe. First of all, exploring the universe can help us understand how the universe came into being and how it has been evolving. Secondly, our planet has limited resources, so we need to explore the outer space for valuable resources and make the best use of them. Thirdly, a higher level of space exploration represents a countrys comprehensive strength, which is a symbol of being powerful.In a word, we should spare no effort to explore the universe and make it serve human beings better.眾所周知，人類(lèi)一直在探索宇宙。首先，探索宇宙可以幫助我們了解宇宙是如何開(kāi)始存在，以及它是如何演化的。第二，我們星球上資源有限，所以我們需要探索外部太空去尋求寶貴的資源，并充分利用它們。第三，較高層次的太空探索代表了一個(gè)國(guó)家的綜合實(shí)力，是國(guó)家強(qiáng)大的象征?？傊?，我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地探索宇宙，使它更好地為人類(lèi)服務(wù)。 第一板塊 重點(diǎn)詞匯突破 師生共研詞匯1accustomed adj.習(xí)慣的；通常的；慣常的教材原句 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自從尼爾阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以來(lái)，人們對(duì)太空旅行這一概念已經(jīng)非常熟悉。(1)be accustomed to be used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示狀態(tài))get/become accustomed to be used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示動(dòng)作)(2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 使自己/某人習(xí)慣于(做)某事He quickly got/became_accustomed_to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里的濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍和豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。The students quickly accustomed_themselves_to the new timetable, which excited the teachers.學(xué)生們很快適應(yīng)了新的時(shí)間表，這令老師們很高興。As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left.眾所周知，英國(guó)人習(xí)慣于靠左邊開(kāi)車(chē)。名師指津 短語(yǔ)be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介詞，其后需要跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。2acknowledge v承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為；告知收到(信件、禮物等)；感謝高考佳句 It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(2014福建高考單選)普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從綜合素質(zhì)的角度來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生。(1)acknowledge sth./that . 承認(rèn)acknowledge doing . 承認(rèn)做過(guò)acknowledge .as/to be 認(rèn)為是(常用被動(dòng)形式)It is widely/universally acknowledged that . 普遍認(rèn)為(2)acknowledgement n. 承認(rèn)；感謝As we all know, Lang Lang is_acknowledged_as/to_be one of the greatest pianists.It_is_widely/universally_acknowledged_that Lang Lang is one of the greatest pianists.眾所周知，郎朗被認(rèn)為是最杰出的鋼琴家之一。The boy acknowledged seeing (see) her money, but he said he didnt steal it.那個(gè)小男孩承認(rèn)見(jiàn)過(guò)她的錢(qián)，但是他說(shuō)他并沒(méi)有偷。3accuse v指責(zé)；控告教材原句 He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss.他指控達(dá)斯維德殺死了自己的父親，因此他把自己訓(xùn)練成為一名絕地武士并發(fā)誓要為自己的損失報(bào)仇。(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事accuse sb. for sth. 為某事指責(zé)某人accuse sb. as . 控告/指責(zé)某人為(2)the accused 被告The woman accused (accuse) of stealing 1.2 million dollars was trying to find herself a lawyer.被指控偷竊120萬(wàn)美元的婦女想給自己找個(gè)律師。The_accused was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent.那個(gè)被告被指控為謀殺犯，但是法官發(fā)現(xiàn)他是無(wú)罪的。聯(lián)想發(fā)散 動(dòng)詞accuse可構(gòu)成accuse sb. of sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)還有：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人某物rid sb. of sth. 使某人擺脫某物inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某種疾病suspect sb. of sth. 懷疑某人做某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事4consult v咨詢(xún)；請(qǐng)教；商量，磋商；查閱；顧及高考佳句 To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.(2014陜西高考單選)為了解出這道數(shù)學(xué)難題，我已經(jīng)向拉塞爾教授請(qǐng)教了好多次了。consult sb. about sth. 向某人請(qǐng)教/咨詢(xún)某事consult with sb. about sth. 與某人商量/磋商某事consult a doctor 向醫(yī)生求診To lose weight, I consulted with a doctor, I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small.為了瘦身，我咨詢(xún)過(guò)醫(yī)生，找過(guò)健身教練，并減少飲食。Please dont consult_a_dictionary every time you meet a new word.請(qǐng)不要每次遇到生詞就查詞典。聯(lián)想發(fā)散 關(guān)于“查詞典”的表達(dá)法有：consult a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, look up .in a dictionary等。詞匯過(guò)關(guān)練.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Assuming (assume) that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?2The driver witnessed to having_seen (see) the man fall down in the street.3Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr King found it hard to live in the city.4The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, depending (depend) on your different answers.5He acknowledged donating/having_donated (donate) a great deal of money to the flooded area.6That his friends accused him of not being honest made Jack very angry.7So hard was the womans life, but to her relief (relieve), her only son was admitted to a top university last year.8People are usually well informed of what is happening due to the advanced (advance) media, such as television, newspaper and net PC.9Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.10Tom has made good preparations for it and he is convinced that he can make it.單句改錯(cuò)1I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school.getgetting2One witness for the accident said that the car was racing at full speed.forto3Assumed that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, what will you do？AssumedAssuming4Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little patient.patientpatience5These high school students were accused abusing (虐待) their classmates.accused后加of.單句寫(xiě)作(補(bǔ)全句子)1習(xí)慣于生活在一個(gè)完全陌生的環(huán)境并不是一件容易的事。(get accustomed to)It is not an easy thing to_get_accustomed_to_living_in a completely strange environment.2普遍認(rèn)為人與人之間的最短的距離是真誠(chéng)的微笑。(acknowledge)It_is_widely_acknowledged_that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile. 3他們被指控組織并資助(finance)地下青年運(yùn)動(dòng)。(be accused of)They_are_accused_of_organising_and_financing an underground youth movement.4他經(jīng)常去辦公室向老師咨詢(xún)關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法。(consult sb. about sth.)He often goes to the office to_consult_his_teacher_about_the_method_of_learning_English. 521世紀(jì)的頭十年見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)。(witness)The first ten years of the 21st century witnessed_the_rapid_growth_of_Chinas_economy.第二板塊 短語(yǔ)、句式突破 1make it 成功；及時(shí)到達(dá)，趕上；能參加高考佳句 It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.(2013全國(guó)卷單選)這真是一個(gè)需要爭(zhēng)分奪秒才能完成的項(xiàng)目。幸運(yùn)的是，我們圓滿(mǎn)地完成了。make it to 按時(shí)到達(dá)，能夠出席或參加make it時(shí)間 約定某個(gè)時(shí)間make it through . 挺過(guò)，熬過(guò)make it up with sb. 與某人和解Sarah made_it_to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.莎拉趕到了機(jī)場(chǎng)，正好及時(shí)趕上了今天早上的飛機(jī)。Lets make_it 8：00 am if you want to go to the park with me.如果你想和我去公園的話，讓我們把時(shí)間定在上午8點(diǎn)吧。I dont have enough money to make_it_through the week.我的錢(qián)不足以熬過(guò)這個(gè)星期。2Incredible_as_it_may_seem,_both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that .盡管看起來(lái)不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測(cè)以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必然會(huì)讓我們做出一個(gè)設(shè)想Incredible as it may seem相當(dāng)于although/though it may seem incredible。 as“盡管，雖然”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)常將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或部分謂語(yǔ)提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。()()()()Child_as_he_is,_he likes to be treated like an adult.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他喜歡被當(dāng)作成年人對(duì)待。Cheap_as this kind of mobile phone is, many people refuse to buy it because its out of date.雖然這種手機(jī)很便宜，但因?yàn)檫^(guò)時(shí)了，很多人不愿意買(mǎi)它。Hard_as_he_studies,_he often fails in the exams.盡管學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦，但他經(jīng)?？荚嚥患案?。Try_as_he_might,_he couldnt finish the work.盡管他想方設(shè)法，卻未能完成這項(xiàng)工作。名師指津 (1)作表語(yǔ)的名詞提到as之前，名詞前不能加冠詞。(2)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可用倒裝語(yǔ)序，也可用正常語(yǔ)序，但是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不倒裝。短語(yǔ)、句式過(guò)關(guān)練.寫(xiě)出下列句中make it的含義1I never thought Clare would make it as an actress.成功2Im sorry I wont be able to make it on Saturday.能參加3Can you speed it up a little? Ill be late for my flight.Take it easy. Im taking a short cut. Well make it on time.及時(shí)到達(dá)4Lets make it 8：30. Is that all right for you？約定時(shí)間.將下列句子改為用as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1Although he is talented, he is not ready to turn professional.Talented_as_he_is,_he is not ready to turn professional.2However hard he tried, he couldnt solve the problem.Hard_as_he_tried,_he couldnt solve the problem.3Though he was faced with the great danger of drowning, the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation.Faced_with_the_great_danger_of_drowning_as_he_was,_the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation. 提能一 用課文詞匯寫(xiě)高分作文witness， accuse， avenge， sorrow， acknowledge， assume， patience， motherland， pray， impact， be accustomed to， in spite of 1補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語(yǔ))盡管我在敘利亞已兩年了，但我仍不習(xí)慣這兒的生活。Although I have stayed in Syria for two years, I am still not accustomed_to the life here.幾乎每天我都能見(jiàn)到爆炸事故，不同黨派之間互相指責(zé)、報(bào)復(fù)，給人們帶來(lái)了巨大的悲痛。Almost every day I witness the explosions and different parties accuse each other and avenge themselves on others, which brings people great sorrow.我承認(rèn)來(lái)這兒是我做的錯(cuò)誤選擇。假設(shè)再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)做出不同選擇的。I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here. Assuming I was given another chance, I would have a different choice.盡管有這么多的困難，我還是要有耐心，繼續(xù)把工作完成，爭(zhēng)取盡快回到祖國(guó)。In_spite_of so many difficulties, I should have patience and continue to finish the work in order to return to my motherland as soon as possible.我祈禱敘利亞能盡早結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，消除戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響，有一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。I pray that Syria will end the war quickly, eliminate the impact of the war, and have a bright future.2升級(jí)平淡句用as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句Two years as I have stayed in Syria, I am still not accustomed to the life here.3銜接成語(yǔ)篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：now, at the same time)Two years as I have stayed in Syria, I am still not accustomed to the life here. Almost every day I witness the explosions and different parties accuse each other and avenge themselves on others, which brings people great sorrow. Now I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here. Assuming I was given another chance, I would have a different choice. In spite of so many difficulties, I should have patience and continue to finish the work in order to return to my motherland as soon as possible. At the same time, I pray that Syria will end the war quickly, eliminate the impact of the war, and have a bright future.提能二 用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長(zhǎng)難句 本單元突破點(diǎn)多層成分作狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長(zhǎng)難句Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.該句主干部分是“Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television”，后面的“their hearts in their mouths”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，aware of .是形容詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。所有年齡的人都高興地沿著人行道走著，眼睛和手粘在手機(jī)上，完全不知道周?chē)l(fā)生了什么。真題長(zhǎng)難句People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.(2015湖南高考閱讀理解A)該句主干部分是“People of all ages happily walk along the pavement”，后面“with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone”是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，quite unaware of . 是形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 自從20世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始，人類(lèi)就不停地在嘗試探索太空。隨著科技和生活的進(jìn)步，中國(guó)的航空航天技術(shù)也步入了世界前列?？v觀歷年高考試題，此話題多在聽(tīng)力、閱讀理解、完形填空等題型中考查。 一、話題與語(yǔ)篇考題示例 (2015湖北高考閱讀D)1 The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.2 First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”3 On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼氣) has a tendency to form an invisible (隱形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.4 Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.5 Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts retu