高考英語復習：語法系列課件之非謂語動詞.ppt

高考語法復習系列八,非謂語動詞,一、非謂語動詞的考點 1、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別； 2、非謂語動詞作定語； 3、非謂語動詞作主語和表語； 4、非謂語動詞作賓語； 5、非謂語動詞作賓補； 6、非謂語動詞作狀語； 7、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動。,二、非謂語動詞的句法功能,三、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別 高考題點擊： 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,兩個動作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯；不用 and 連接時稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動詞作狀語，故C錯。,seized 和 took 是并列謂語，disappearing 是伴隨狀語。此題的關鍵是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，則三個動詞并列。,A,D,四、非謂語動詞作主語和表語 高考題點擊： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (01 上海) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,在 and 連接的并列句中，兩個主語最好要保持一致的形式。動名詞 fishing 和 collecting coins 分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣?！?D,D,非謂語動詞作主語時要注意以下兩個重要問題：第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)： A) 在 Its no use (good; value; importance) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中只用動名 詞作主語。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比較：Theres no need to tell him about it. B) 在 Its + adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考慮周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do,3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,B,動詞不定式短語 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表語。非謂語動詞作表語時要特 別注意兩個問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時間問題。一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時其表語應該用不定式。動名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。 另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。,五、非謂語動詞作定語 高考題點擊： 1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江蘇） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,該題的謂語動詞是 attract，“聞起來很香”用來作定語修飾 主語 flowers。,B,C,“謀殺”只能被預謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動。,3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (99 上海) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,B,B,hang 作及物動詞用時表示人為的“掛”；作不及物動詞用時 表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的 hang 為不及物動 詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。,動詞不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定語，問題 是 to choose 作定語時該名詞是 choose 的對象；to choose from 作定語時，該名詞是 choose 的范圍。該題指的是范圍.,非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別： 分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關系； 動名詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義； 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 在 time, chance, right 等名詞后； 在序數(shù)詞后； 在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等詞后。 D)表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動作 being done 表示正在進行之中的動作,六、非謂語動詞作賓補 高考題點擊： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to,A,為了避免重復，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. 有些動詞后面需要用不定式作賓補，除 tell 外，常見的還 有：advise allow cause consider encourage forbid force intend order permit persuade remind request require urge warn ask wish want 等 特別注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等沒有賓補。,2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (95 N) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99 上海) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,使役動詞 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改為被動語態(tài)后， 則應為：be made / let to do。注意其它不帶 to 的動詞不定 式的用法。,此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在從句中作 do 的賓語，表示“人們讓計算機所做的事“應該用 people have a computer do 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是 have 的幾個常用結(jié)構(gòu)：have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have sb. / sth. to do,B,A,4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. (00 N) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 5. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. (94 N) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,that 引導的是定語從句，修飾 plan，在從句中作 see 的賓 語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應為 see the plan carried out。特別注 意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補的區(qū)別。,感官性動詞后面的賓補若用不定式，則表示一個完整的動 作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進行的動作。本句應理解 為正在進行的動作。,C,A,七、非謂語動詞作賓語 高考題點擊： 1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (95 N) A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. (00 N) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,C,B,注意1：僅帶不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等； 注意2：動詞 know, show 等常帶疑問詞加 to do 作賓語。,3. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (01 上海) A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time,B,僅帶動名詞作賓語的動詞為：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有關的人，就只能用不定式作賓補。 在動詞 want, need, require, demand 等詞后加動名詞作賓語時表示被動意義，相當于 to be done。,4. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. (95 N) A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. - Let me tell you something about the journalists. - Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (99 上海) A. told B. telling C. to tell to have told 6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. (02 上海春季) A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting,D,B,A,特別注意帶不定式和動名詞作賓語時意義不同的動詞： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop,7. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (93 N) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 8. - I must apologize for _ ahead of time. - Thats all right. (94 N) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 9. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. (01 上海春季) A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit,C,B,A,介詞的賓語一般都用動名詞，但有三個介詞 but (except) / than / be about 后要接不定式作賓語。,10. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (94 N) A. ride ride B. riding ride C. ride to ride D. to ride riding,注意 prefer 的幾個常用句型： prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer + n. to + n.,C,11. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季) A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 12. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (02 北京) A. to solving making B. to solving made C. to solve making D. to solve made,B,B,要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。 admit to，be accustomed to 習慣于， be used to ，stick to ， turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等,八、非謂語動詞作狀語 高考題點擊： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99 上海) A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (01 北京春季) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 3. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,C,A,D,4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96 N) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (00 北京春季) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. (00 上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope,lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主語 he 為 lose 的賓語。,given 作狀語意為“考慮到”，意思相當于 considering。,注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。,C,A,B,7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (02 N) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 8. Finding her car stolen, _. (01 上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help,once 在此處只是副詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語 的關系。begin為及物動詞，意為“開始、啟動”，故該用過 去分詞。,本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。,D,D,九、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動 高考題點擊： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (97 N) A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. (99 N) A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,D,A,would love to have done 表示本想去做，但沒做成。,本題的關鍵是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。,3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (01 上海) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly