自動化與電子信息專業(yè)英語[楊植新][電子教案]Part1.ppt

Part 1 Fundaments of Electric Circuit,1.1 Circuit Concepts,1.1.1 Specialized English Words electrical device conducting lead resistor resistance inductor capacitor capacitance,電氣器件,引線體,電阻器,電阻，阻值,電感器,電容器,電容,passive elements active elements illustrate circuit diagram lumped lumped-parameter circuits sign power sine polarity,無源元件,有源元件,圖解,電路圖,集總的,集總參數(shù)電路,符號,功率,正弦,極性,time-variable coil electric motor transformers dielectric mechanism paralleled-plate charges deficiency equalization junction,時變的,線圈,電動機,變壓器,電介質(zhì),機理,平行板,電荷,缺乏，不足,均衡，同等化,節(jié)點,term distributed cycle Derivative energy instantaneous magnetic field,術(shù)語,分布式的,周期,導數(shù),能量,瞬時的,磁場,1.1.2 Notes,A two-terminal element in general form is shown in Fig. 1.1.1, with a single device represented by the rectangular symbol and two perfectly conducting leads ending at connecting points A and B. 譯文：二端元件的一般形式如圖1.1.1所示，它是用長方形符號及以A，B為端點的兩段理想引導體來表示的。,介詞短語with作狀語修飾“is shown”,2. The circuit diagrams presented here are termed lumped-parameter circuits, since a single element in one location is used to represent a distributed resistance, inductance, or capacitance. 譯文：由于我們常用單個的元件來表示某塊位置的分布電阻、電感或電容，所以這里的所列出的這些電路圖稱為集中參數(shù)電路。,“since”后面為原因狀語從句用來說明前面的主句,3. Similarly, a current source requires that a direction be indicated, as well as the function, as shown in Fig. 1.1.4(b). 譯文：與電壓源類似，電流源也需要指明其方向和函數(shù)，如圖1.1.4（b）。,“as well as” 在句中作為并列連詞在科技英語中很常見，這里表示后面的“function”和前面的“direction”一樣需要指明,4. The charge, q=Cv,on a capacitor results in an electric field in the dielectric which is the mechanism of the energy storage. 譯文：電容器中的電荷，在電介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生電場，這便是電容器儲存能量的機理。,“results in” 短語表示導致，造成結(jié)果。which” 引導的非限定性定語從句是用來修飾前面的整個句子 。,5. It is the equalization of these charges that takes place when the capacitor is discharged. 譯文：當電容放電時，兩極板上的電荷趨向均衡。,“It isthat” 為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)主語“the equalization of these charges”。,1.2 Voltage and Current Laws,1.2.1 Specialized English Words linear circuit law stimulated node order branch,線性電路,定理,激勵,節(jié)點,順序,支路,variable potential voltage drop Kirchhoffs Current Law Kirchhoffs Voltage Law differential equation,變量,電位,電壓降,基爾霍夫電流定律,基爾霍夫電壓定律,微分方程,time-variable coil electric motor transformers dielectric mechanism paralleled-plate charges deficiency equalization junction,時變的,線圈,電動機,變壓器,電介質(zhì),機理,平行板,電荷,缺乏，不足,均衡，同等化,節(jié)點,term distributed cycle derivative,術(shù)語,分布式的,周期,導數(shù),1.2 .2 Notes,This behavior results from whatever voltage sources, current sources, and energy storage elements are connected to the circuit. 譯文：這種規(guī)律與電壓源、電流源和儲能元件具體的類型無關(guān)。,“whatever ”在這里引導名詞從句，表示任何電壓源、電流源和儲能元件。短語“Result from”表示“由產(chǎn)生”,2. Given a branch, the pair of nodes to which the branch is attached defines the convention for measuring voltages in the circuit. 譯文：對于電路中給定支路兩端電壓的測量，是由支路兩端的節(jié)點來確定的。,to which the branch is attached”為定語從句，修飾“the pair of nodes”。,3. Similarly, a current source requires that a direction be indicated, as well as the function, as shown in Fig. 1.1.4(b). 譯文：與電壓源類似，電流源也需要指明其方向和函數(shù)，如圖1.1.4（b）。,“as well as” 在句中作為并列連詞在科技英語中很常見，這里表示后面的“function”和前面的“direction”一樣需要指明,3. Given the ordered pair of nodes (a,b), a voltage measurement is formed as follows: vab=va-vb, where va and vb are the absolute electrical potentials(voltage) at the respective nodes, taken relative to some reference node. 譯文：對于給定順序的一對節(jié)點（a,b），測量其電壓量應(yīng)為：va 和 vb ，式中 和表示相對于某參考節(jié)點電勢的絕對值。,過去分詞短語，用來修飾“the absolute electrical potentials”,4.The currents used in this expression are understood to be the currents that would be measured in the branches attached to the node, and their values include a magnitude and an algebraic sign. 句中“to be the currents ”為不定式短語做結(jié)果狀語，而“that would be ”為定語從句用來修飾“current”；“attached to the node”為過去分詞短語，用來修飾“the branches”。 譯文：式中的電流為連接到節(jié)點的支路電流，他們的值包括大小和符號。,5. Once KCL has been written for the nodes of a circuit, the equations can be rewritten by substituting into the equations the voltage-current relationships of the individual components. 句中“the voltage-current relationships ”是“substituting”的賓語。等于“by substituting i the voltage-current relationships of the individual components into the equations” 譯文：當寫好電路節(jié)點的KCL方程后，我們可以把每個元件的電壓電流關(guān)系帶入節(jié)點的KCL方程，而得到新的公式。,6. For example, if a path includes a branch between node “a” and node “b” , the voltage drop measured along the path in the direction from node “a” and node “b” is denoted by and is given by . 句中“measured along the path in the direction from node a and node b”是過去分詞短語做后置定語用來說明“the voltage drop”。 譯文：例如，如果某通路包括含節(jié)點a和節(jié)點b的支路，電壓降的方向是從a到b，我們標識為 ，,1.3 Network Theorems,1.3.1 Specialized English Words linearity excitation response homogeneity superposition arbitrary constant nonlinear,線性,激勵,響應(yīng)激勵,齊次性,可加性,任意的,常數(shù),非線性,simultaneously short circuit open circuit driving point impedance thevenin Theorem Norton Theorem equivalent impendence,同時的,短路,開路,策動點阻抗,戴維南定理,諾頓定理,等效阻抗,1. If cause and effect are linearly related, the total effect due to several causes acting simultaneously is equal to the sum of the individual effects due to each of the causes acting one at a time. 句中“cause and effect ”本意為“因果” ，這里指“激勵和響應(yīng)” 。短語“due to” 表示“歸因于. ”。“at a time”表示“每次”。 譯文：“假設(shè)激勵和響應(yīng)是線性相關(guān)的，那么多個激勵同時作用在系統(tǒng)上產(chǎn)生的總的響應(yīng)等于每個激勵分別單獨作用時產(chǎn)生的響應(yīng)的和?！?1.3.2 Notes,2. Insofar as a load which has no magnetic or controlled source coupling to a one-port is concerned, a network containing linear elements and both independent and controlled sources may be replaced by an ideal voltage source of strength, , and an equivalent impedance , in series with the source. 句中“Insofar as”短語意為“只要”，“one-port is concerned”在這里指的是準備做等效電路的單端口。主句為“A network may be replaced by an ideal voltage source of strength, , and an equivalent impedance , in series with the source” ?！癱ontaining linear elements and both independent and controlled sources”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾主語“network”。 譯文： “當負載沒有磁耦合或者受控電源耦合到等效電路的端口，網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅僅包括線性元件和獨立電壓和受控電壓時，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以用一個理想電壓源和一個等效阻抗串聯(lián)來替代?！?1.4.1 Specialized English Words first-order circuits transient complementary function homogeneous solution particular solution initial conditions slope,1.4 First-Order Circuits,一階電路,暫態(tài),余函數(shù),齊次解,特解,初始條件,斜率,oscilloscope impulse response exponential function natural response tangent curve decay,示波器,脈沖電流,指數(shù)函數(shù),自然響應(yīng),正切,曲線,衰減,1.4.2 Notes,We will then develop an intuitive approach which can lead us to the same response without going through the formal solution of differential equations. 句中的“develop”是在科技文獻中使用頻率較高的詞，一般意思為“發(fā)展、開發(fā)或研究” ，在這里根據(jù)上下文的意思，將原意引申譯為“推導，導出比較合適” 。 譯文：“無需通過正式的微分方程求解，我們將導出一種直觀的方法來得到同樣的響應(yīng)?！?2. At times a transient is only partially displayed (on chart paper or on the face of an oscilloscope), and the simultaneous values of function and slope needed in the preceding method are not available. 這里的“simultaneous”是指“function” 和“slope”兩者在同一時刻的值。 譯文：“有時暫態(tài)過程僅能顯示一部分（在記錄紙上或示波器的屏幕上），而無法同時得到前面的方法所需的函數(shù)和斜率值。”,3. After passage of 10 time constants the transient component equals to 0.0045 percent of its initial value, which is less than 5 in 100,000, at which time for all practical purposes we may assume the steady state has been reached. 句中“which is less than 5 in 100,000”是修飾“initial value”的定語從句，“at which time”中的“which”指的是時間點“After passage of 10 time constants”，“at which time”引導后面的時間狀語從句。整句的主謂賓為“the transient component equals to 0.0045 percent of its initial value” 。 譯文：“在經(jīng)過10倍的時間常數(shù)后，暫態(tài)分量等于初始值的0.0045%，小于十萬分之五，此時對于實際應(yīng)用來說，我們可以假定已經(jīng)進入穩(wěn)態(tài)?！?4.The circuit will be reduced to a dc-resistive case from which voltages across capacitors and currents through inductors can be easily found, as all the currents and voltages are constants and the analysis involves no differential equations. 句中“all the current” 是“as”引導的原因狀語從句，“from which voltages across.easily found”引導的是修飾主語“a dc-resistive case”的定語從句。 譯文：“當電路中所有的電壓和電流均為常數(shù)且在分析中不涉及微分方程，電路將簡化為直流阻性電路，由此很容易求得電容端電壓和流過電感的電流?！?1.5 Sinusoidal Steady-State Circuit Analysis,1.5.1 Specialized English Words steady-state response sinusoidal sources fourier series sines cosines argument hertz lag,穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng),正弦電源,傅立葉級數(shù),正弦,余弦,自變量，參數(shù),赫茲,滯后,horizontal scale radians degree units vertical scale magnitude in phase phasor counterclockwise angular velocity projection,水平刻度,弧度,度,單位,垂直刻度,大小，幅值,同相,相量,逆時針,角速度,投影,function amplitude boldface admittance time domain frequency domain Cartesian form real part imaginary part,函數(shù),幅值,黑體,導納,時域,頻域,笛卡爾坐標系，直角坐標系,實部,虛部,reactance inductive reactance capacitive reactance susceptance capacitive susceptance inductive susceptance quadrant complex plane vector,電抗,感抗,容抗,電納,容納,感納,象限,復平面,矢量，向量,1.5.2 Notes,1.While examining this sketch, it is a good time to point out that a sinusoid is completely defined when its magnitude (V or I), frequency (orf), and phase ( or ) are specified. 譯文:分析此圖會發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個具有完整定義的正弦波應(yīng)當指明其幅值（V或）、頻率（或）和相位（或）。,句中“Examining” 如果翻譯為檢查