高三英語語法總復習——定語從句.ppt

定語從句,在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，它的作用相當于一個形容詞。 定語從句通常位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，這種名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞為關系代詞或關系副詞。 關系代詞在定語從句中可作主語、賓語和定語；關系副詞在定語從句中只作狀語。,1、先行詞 注意被定語從句所修飾的先行詞的特點，即是人還是物，以及將要在定語從句中所充當的成分。 如： The student who answered the question was my friend. (先行詞是student在定語從句中充當主語) The girl you met just now is my sister. (先行詞是girl在定語從句中作賓語),2.關系代詞、關系副詞 引導定語從句的關系代詞、關系副詞,代替先行詞在定語從句中充當成分。 在定語從句中能作主語的關系代詞有who,that,which其中who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可指人也可指物。 如: An architect is a person who /that design houses and buildings. The supermarket which/that was opened last week is a very modern one.,在定語從句中能作賓語的關系代詞有who,whom,which,that其中who, whom用于指人which用于指物that既可指人也可指物。 如: The suit which/that the tailor made for me doesnt fit me. The man whom/that I beat in the tennis game was my father.,n,在定語從句中能作定語的關系代詞有whose或the +名詞+of+which 如: He lives in the room whose door is green. =He lives in the room the door of which is green. The girl whose father is a teacher studies very well. =The girl the father of whom is a teacher studies very well.,在定語從句中作方式狀語的關系副詞常被省略如:,This is the way (how) he worked out the problem.,n 介詞如果在定語從句的句首時,作賓語的關系代詞只能用whom, which且不可省略,如: The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department. =The man whom you shook hands with just now is the head of our department. This is the book to which I referred in my talk. =This is the book (which) I referred to in my talk.,n 非限制性定語從句和先行詞關系不緊密用逗號和主句分開,另譯作一句,作為一種補充說明即使去掉從句，主句的意思仍然清楚而限制性定語從句和先行詞關系緊密從句不能去掉,如果去掉意思就不清楚且主句和從句之間無逗號一般譯在先行詞前面。,n 除that不可以引導非限制性定語從句外其他關系代詞和關系副詞均可引導非限制性定語從句。 All the books，which have pictures have been sent to them. He has a brother who is a doctor.他有一個當醫(yī)生的兄弟。（也許不止一個兄弟） He has a brother ,who is a doctor.他有個兄弟，他是一個醫(yī)生。,n which在所引導的非限制性定語從句，有時可以修飾整個主句即代替主句的意義。 The examination has been put off，which is what we want.考試被推遲了，這正是我們希望的。 Mary was late again ,which made her teacher angry.瑪麗又遲到了，這使她的老師非常生氣。,n 只用which不用that的情況： （1）引導非限制性定語從句時 Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light （2）當關系代詞前有介詞時 The room in which my family live used to be a garage （3）當先行詞本身為that時 ：That which you told him about is what we want to know你告訴他的正是我們想知道的,n 只用that不用which的情況： （1）先行詞有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. This is the best film that has ever been made. （2）先行詞前有only,few,little,right,any,all, one等修飾時 The only furniture (that) he had in the room was a chair and a small desk. There is little time that we can use. (3) 先行詞是不定代詞some, all, anything,little,much,something,everything,nothing,none等時 That is all (that) I want to say. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?,(4) 先行詞為人和物的名詞詞組 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. (5) 主句前who, whom有時 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? (6) 在there be 或there live結構中先行詞指物 There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.,(7)先行詞指物在主句中作表語 Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? (8)在 way(指方法)后面常用that代替how或 in which結構 That was the way (that) he did it. (9) time(表示次數)前有序數詞修飾That was the last time that I met her.,.,(10)習慣用法中that 可以用作關系副詞代替(in, on, for) which及 when where, why, 而且that可省略 The way that (in which) you look at problem is wrong. I never forget the day (when, that, on which) I went to school 20years ago. Do you know anywhere (that, where) I can get a drink? I d like to know the reason (that, why, for which) you wont come.,(11)當先行詞前有the same修飾時或當先行詞和關系代詞指同一人或物時 This is the same man that /who I told you about. This is the book that I bought yesterday.,只用who的情況。 (1)先行詞為those指人 Those who want to go there raise your hands. (2)there be (live)結構中先行詞指人 There is a young man outside who asks for you. There lived a king who was kind to his people. (3)先行詞為指人的不定代詞one,anyone,no one, all, nobody, any body, none等 Anyone who broke the window would be punished. We should learn from the one who benefits us.,n 選用關系副詞不能光看先行詞是否是表示時間，地點和原因的名詞，而必須分析從句謂語動詞與先行詞之間的邏輯關系。如果關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語則他仍須用關系代詞which或that,如： We will never forget the day, which we spent together. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful. That is the reason, which he gave us for his action.,n as 引導限制性定語從句時,先行詞常用such和same修飾,as在從句中不省略如: He used such expressions as he could find n the tests. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.,As 引導非限制性定語從句時,as代表整個主句的意義,定語從句在主句中的位置比較靈活。 如： He is a teacher，as is clear from his manner. Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of China.,n 定語從句修飾of前面的詞還是of后面的詞, 要看of前面的詞是否有定冠詞修飾。 如: Tom is one of the boys who were late this morning. (湯姆是所有早上遲到的男孩中的一員) Tom is the only one of the boys who was late this morning. ( 湯姆是所有男孩中早上遲到的唯一個),Exercises:,1. There are 102 elements(化學元素) found in nature,_are metals 2. The house _roof was damaged has now been repaired. 3. I have never been to Rome but thats the city Id most like to visit. 4.The reason _I have not done my homework is there are too many difficult points. 5. “Gone are the days _I was young,” the seventy-year-old man said. 6. This is the place _he lived in his childhood.,7. The pen_he writes id Hero 60. 8. Mrs. Lee will move into her new house next Monday, _it will be completely furnished. 9. This is the very bus_well go to the theater. 10.The best play _Shakespeare wrote is probably King Lear, but some people dont think so. 11. He is the only one of the teachers_Spanish in our school. 12. King Henry received a letter from Mr. Lirpa; _announced (宣布)_he had finally solved the secret of light.,13. I bout a new book, _is very beautiful. 14. I have a book, _very interesting. 15. Only a twenty-minute walk from his village is a little valley set among he hills, _is one of the quietest places in the world. 16. Those _are willing to attend the party, sign here. 17. There are many places _we can visit in China. 18.He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels _filled his bus. 19.Which are the books _you bought for me?,20. The village is no longer the one _was 5 years ago. 21. Who is that girl _is standing by the window? 22. Do you know Mr. Smith _story is very moving? 23. There is a room, _window faces the river. 24.There is a room, the window_faces the river. 25.Such books _you bought are useful. 26.The school is just the same _it was 10 years ago.,27. I want to use the same tool _you used just now. 28. He didnt pass the exam, _we had expected. 29.There is lots of air in loose snow, _can keep the cold out. 30._is known, the earth is round, not flat. 31.I dont like the way _he talks. 32. This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.,33.It is the museum _we visited last year. 34.We expressed to them our wish _the same as theirs. 35.He is the only one of the students_has got very good marks in the match. 36. He is one of the students _have got good marks in the match. 37. Is this the place_we visited last year? 38. Is this place _we visited last year?,39. He stood at the window; _he could see what was happening. 40. _Is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month. 41.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child. 42.He made another wonderful discovery, _ I think is of great importance to science. 43. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _many people have gone home.,44.She has bought the same sort of washing machine_you have. 45.There is nothing in the world_can frighten her. 46.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing 10 windows, most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. 47.Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. 48.She likes to use words_is clear to him. 49. I shall never forget those days_I lives in the country with the farmers_ has a great effect in my life.,50. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who _ working in ou