六級(jí)翻譯與完型填空.ppt

大學(xué)英語,綜合題型,綜合題型備考,翻譯 完型填空,翻譯,（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則 手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達(dá)） 語法正確（避免時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯(cuò)誤） 內(nèi)容忠實(shí)（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪） 語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確）,漢譯英基本程序,1理解 (通讀并透徹理解原文含義) 2翻譯 (確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞) 3審校 首先 檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯； 其次 檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正,漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí),一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法 This substance _ (反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍). The earth _ (是月球大小的49倍). The landlord _(想將租金提高三分之一). They _(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).,reacts three times as fast as the other one,is 49 times the size of the moon,wants to raise the rent by a third,plan to double their investment,二、時(shí)態(tài) Be quick, _ (否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了). When she got home, _(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了). When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _ (我姐姐將在海邊度假). I_ (一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷). Do you often go on holiday? _ (不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了). He joined the army in October, 2001. _ (他參軍已五年了).,or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church,the children had fallen asleep,my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside,have been revising my resume all the morning,No. It has been five years since I went on holiday,He has been in the army for 5 years,三、被動(dòng)語態(tài) The blackboard and chalk _ (正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代). The book _ (到今年年底就將已出版). Computer models _ (可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式). _(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.,is being replaced by the computer and the projector,will have been/published by the end of this year,can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work,Effective measures must be taken immediately,四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. _(她一定不在家). I cant find my sunglasses. _ (我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了). Its a pity. _ (你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的). _ (其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.,She cant be at home,I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday,You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony,I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party,五、虛擬語氣 Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _ (漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾). Its high time that _ (采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題). Hugh usually talks _ (仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的). We insist that _ (讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).,painted it blue, and without any decorations,measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams,as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly,Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now,六、分詞 The war went on for years, _ (奪去了成千上萬人的生命). _ (被這個(gè)男 孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education. _ (好久沒 有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.,killing thousands upon thousands of people,Deeply moved by the boys deeds,Not having heard from his parents for a long time,七、名詞從句 _ (最讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. It is not clear yet _ (誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)). Dont put off till tomorrow _ (今天能做的事). _ (她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.,What confused me most,who should be responsible for this matter,what can be done today,Whether she likes the present,八、定語從句 The old lady died _ (在她兒子到達(dá)的那天). Some of the roads were flooded, _(這使我們的旅程更為艱難). He introduced me to his students, _(他們大部 分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).,on the day when his son arrived,which made our journey more difficult,most of whom were English majors,九、狀語從句 _(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings politics into the discussion. We climbed high _(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景). I remember the whole thing _仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).,Whatever we talk about,so that we might get a better view,as if it happened yesterday,十、倒裝句 No sooner had Anne arrived _ (就生病了). The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話). Only then _ (那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).,than she fell ill,Nor did the wife say a word of welcome,did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery,十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 _ (直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.,It was not until I told her that,完型填空,測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力 即從語篇的角度綜合測(cè)試閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對(duì)英語習(xí)慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用。,解題策略,1.利用文章中心主題句解題方法-利用段首句或首段最大限度地獲取信息。 2.分析認(rèn)識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理解領(lǐng)會(huì)文章各部分、各層次之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 3.利用上下文尋找解題信息（詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞 ） 4.運(yùn)用詞匯、語法等方面的語言知識(shí)及搭配關(guān)系解題方法 5.運(yùn)用排除法解題方法 6. 運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)和社會(huì)常識(shí)解題方法,文章的邏輯關(guān)系不外乎列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、對(duì)照、補(bǔ)充、目的、條件等關(guān)系。,表示列舉的連詞：first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude 表示原因的連詞：because, since, as, now that 表示結(jié)果的連詞：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever,表示對(duì)照的詞：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely 表示補(bǔ)充的詞：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also 表示時(shí)間順序的詞：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once,表示目的的連詞：that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示條件的連詞：if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that), 邏輯搭配：包括過渡詞、連接手段、指代關(guān)系、肯定、否定等