2018_2019學年高中英語Unit22EnvironmentalProtection單元質量檢測（一）北師大版.docx

單元質量檢測（一） (時間：100分鐘滿分：120分).閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AVisitors to Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas really follow the crowd. The park contains 47 hot springs. And tourists can take relaxing soaks at a bathhouse in the park that uses warm water from the nearby hot springs.Great SpringsAt 5,550 acres, Hot Springs National Park is the smallest national park in the United States. People have been coming to the area for hundreds of years to enjoy its natural hot baths. Starting in the 19th century, several bathhouses that offered baths with spring water opened in the region. Many visitors with illnesses went there, believing that the waters could help cure (治愈) them.The area became a national park in 1921. People arent allowed to take baths directly in the springs. But you can still visit the one bathhouse that remains in operation at the park. You can also drink the spring water from special fountains (噴嘴式飲水器) around the park. And dont worry about burning your tongue. When the water flows from the ground into the pools, its very hot. But it cools before reaching the parks baths and fountains.Home at Hot SpringsBesides the springs, visitors to the park can also see some pretty cool wildlife. Sounds like there are a lot of ways to have fun at Hot Springs National Park!Fees & PassesThere is no entrance fee for the park.Camping FeesYour stay is limited to 14 days at a time. Longer stays require you to move to a different campground outside of the national park. All sites can be used for tent camping. All sites areD|S30 per night or D|S15 per night with a Senior Pass or Access Pass card. Senior and Access passes can be bought at the park store.語篇解讀：本文是應用文。文章介紹了美國阿肯色州溫泉國家公園。1What do we know about Hot Springs National Park?AIt was set up in the 1920s.BIts bath water is very hot.CIt is the smallest national park worldwide.DIts bathhouses were opened in recent years.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據Great Springs中的“The area became a national park in 1921”可知，美國溫泉國家公園成立于1921年。2What can visitors do at the park?ATake baths in the springs directly.BHave their illnesses cured.CVisit many old bathhouses.DDrink its spring water.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據Great Springs部分中的“You can also drink the spring water from special fountains (噴嘴式飲水器)”可知應選D項。3If visitors want to camp at the park, they should .Abring their own tentsBgo to the park store firstCstay for no more than 14 daysDchange campgrounds every day解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據Fees & Passes部分中的“Your stay is limited to 14 days at a time”可知，在美國溫泉國家公園露營一次最多只能停留14天。BWhales have been hunted for their meat and oil for centuries. In the 18th and 19th centuries, whaling (捕鯨) became an industry. As time went on, whaling ships caught more whales than the animals could reproduce. By 1930, 50,000 whales were killed every year.In the 20th century factory ships changed the whaling business completely. Whales were caught and processed on board. Advanced technology made it possible to track whales in the water.Whaling is important in Norway, Iceland and other countries in the northern Atlantic as well as in Japan. For many years, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) set quotas (配額) for each country. In 1986, it banned whaling altogether, so that the population would recover. Norway and Iceland, countries in which whaling is a major source of income, do not obey the ban, but they have set their own catch quotas. Since the ban, over 30,000 whales have been killed. Japan, on the other side, allows whaling for research purposes. Whale meat has always been an important part of the Japanese diet.The IWC allows some people to continue hunting whales, for example the Inuit of the Arctic region. They rely on whale meat for food and use whale oil in everyday life.All in all there are thirteen types of whales. Many of these species have been extremely decimated. Some are showing signs of population increase, but the blue and grey whales are still in danger of becoming extinct. There are other threats to whales as well. Some are killed through collision (碰撞) with ships, and others by the loud noises that ocean ships make.Whales are important to humans for many reasons. In remote regions, whale oil is still used as fuel for lamps. It has also been widely used to make cosmetics, soap, candle wax and washing powder. Many cultures used the mammals bones to make tools and carve masks. Although environmentalists are constantly campaigning against hunting whales, countries like Norway and Japan still say it is deeply rooted in their countrys tradition.語篇解讀：本文是說明文。鯨魚是海洋中體型最大的動物，是海洋中的巨無霸，然而近年來由于人類捕鯨技術的進步，鯨魚被大肆捕殺，鯨魚的命運岌岌可危。4What was the biggest threat to whales in the 20th century?ALoud noises.BAdvanced technology.CWater pollution. DCollision incidents.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Advanced technology made it possible to track whales in the water”可知，二十世紀對鯨魚的最大威脅是人類技術的進步。5What can we infer from Paragraph 3?AThe IWCs ban on whaling has been ignored.BThe IWC allows whaling for research purposes.CThe Inuit rely much on whaling for economic gains.DJapan has taken effective measures to protect whales.解析：選A推理判斷題。由該段內容可知，IWC組織的有關禁止捕鯨的禁令并沒有被相關國家遵守。 6What does the underlined word “decimated” in Paragraph 5 mean?AProcessed. BProtected.CDestroyed. DConcentrated.解析：選C詞義猜測題。由畫線詞之后的“.but the blue and grey whales are still in danger of becoming extinct. There are other threats to whales as well”可知，decimated意為“大批殺死，毀滅”， 同destroy意義接近。 7What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWhales are hunted for no good reason.BThe future of whales is still worrying.CThe ban on whaling is unreasonable.DWhales are important in our lives.解析：選B推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，盡管環(huán)保主義者不斷反對捕鯨，但是挪威和日本這些國家仍堅稱捕鯨是深植于他們文化中的傳統(tǒng)。由此可知，鯨魚的未來仍令人擔憂。 CSquare foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew. It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area. It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work. In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”. Each bed is 4 4 (16 sq ft)(120 cm 120 cm, 1.4m2)The beds are separated by paths (小路). These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot. Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots. The weeds (雜草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths. This stops the soil from being compacted (壓緊)Benefits of square foot gardening：Much less work. Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil. In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.Water savings. The loose ground holds the water better. This type of garden needs water less often than other methods. Also, water is placed very near the plant roots. Less water is wasted.Very few weeds. The vegetables form a living mulch (覆蓋物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow.Pesticides (殺蟲劑) are not needed. Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space. Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily.語篇解讀：本文為說明文。文章介紹了平方尺菜園的操作方法和益處。8Why does square foot gardening become popular?AIt makes full use of space.BIt is suggested by Mel Bartholemew.CIt provides more vegetables for people.DIt produces vegetables of higher quality.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work”可知，平方尺菜園能夠充分利用空間。9Why is the gardening called square foot gardening?AVegetables are grown in the squares.BYou can grow vegetables anywhere by using it.CThe smallest bed in it is only one square foot.DThe places where vegetables are grown are too small.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據其名稱和第一段中的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot”可知正確答案。 10What can we infer from the text?ALoose soil is good for plant growth.BOnions and carrots need more space.CCompacted soil is important to some plants.DSquare foot gardening needs some heavy tools.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句和“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil”可知，松散的土壤有利于植物的生長。11Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening?AWeed killers are used.BWeeds cant get sunlight.CWeeds are short of water.DWeeds have been removed. 解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。從Benefits的第三條可知，蔬菜遮住了雜草的陽光，因為見不到陽光，所以雜草很少。DRegarded as geeks (怪人), scientists have been struggling with their image (形象) in society for decades. However, in recent years there has been a new understanding because of the rise of “Pop Star Scientists”. They are pioneers of a movement aiming to educate the general public about all matters relating to science, and most importantly inspire the next generation. But have these scientists actually made people develop an interest in science? Do popular science TV shows cover too little science to be correct?Scientists have a lot to thank Professor Brian Cox and Sir David Attenborough for. The two most outstanding science broadcasters of the moment have attracted a wide audience to their shows. Back in late March, Stargazing Live returned with special broadcasts from Australia attracting over 1.5 million viewers the top rated show of the day on BBC 2. In 2016 Planet Earth was the Radio Times Critics 8th best show of the year, and was more watched than The X Factor, with particular popularity among the 1635 age group.However, many believe that the task of making science popular would require a level of “dumbing down (弱智化)”. Professor Cox was blamed for some of his explanations given in a speech called “A Night with the Stars”. And yes, being completely correct is an important part of any field, but the media often act as the gateway to discovering science at a higher level.Since 2014, the number of college students choosing to study science has started to fall gradually. In 2016, only 4.2% of them chose physics. This worries both scientists and the government, and the latter has encouraged more students to study science. However, the evidence suggests that what is now being done is not enough to actually take the public further than simply watching a TV program, and more needs to be done to improve science in the media to reach todays children. The road to popularity is still a long one for scientists.語篇解讀：本文是說明兼議論文。如今，有些明星科學家通過媒體向大眾普及科學，這能讓更多的人對科學產生興趣甚至進入科學領域嗎？本文對此展開了討論。12How do “Pop Star Scientists” improve scientists public image?AThey value correctness in science.BThey work hard to become famous.CThey make science easily understood.DThey equip themselves with learning.解析：選C推理判斷題。由第一段中的“They are pioneers of a movement aiming to educate the general public about all matters relating to science .”可知，這些明星科學家致力于向大眾教授一切和科學有關的事物，即讓科學變得通俗易懂，從而改變了科學家與世俗社會格格不入的傳統(tǒng)形象。13What can be learned from Paragraph 2?AStargazing Live is a new science TV show.BScience broadcasters are usually leading scientists.CYoung people hadnt shown interest in science before.DScience programs are becoming popular among the public.解析：選D推理判斷題。由第二段Stargazing Live超高的收視率和Planet Earth 在青少年中的流行可知，科學類節(jié)目正廣受歡迎。14What does the author probably think of Professor Coxs work?ARather simple.BQuite helpful.CCompletely wrong. DTotally unnecessary.解析：選B推理判斷題。由第三段中的“. but the media often act as the gateway to discovering science at a higher level”可知，盡管許多人認為科普會讓高深的科學變得“弱智”，Cox教授也因為演講中不精準的解說而被譴責，但是媒體只是通往更高水平的科學的入口。由此推知，作者認為Cox教授的工作是有其積極作用的。15What is the problem mentioned in the last paragraph?ANot so many students learn science at a high level.BScience TV programs are not suitable for children.CPhysics has become the least popular science subject.DScience cant be difficult and popular at the same time.解析：選A推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，深入學習科學的學生正在逐年減少，政府和科學家已經意識到這一問題，因而用科學節(jié)目吸引當代學生，讓科學變得受歡迎對于科學家來說依然任重道遠。.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? 16 Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.Clean the toilet with Coke. Its amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. 17 Youll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!Remove water stains with orange peels. Youve just eaten an orange. 18 Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. 19 Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again. 20 Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (無毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.AWait a minute!BMake your own glass cleaner.CFollow the steps given below.DOf course your answer is “yes”EThey leave no marks or scratches.FInstead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.GThey are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。想生活在一個干凈的生活環(huán)境中，讓一切光潔發(fā)亮嗎？那就按照以下步驟來做吧。無須購買昂貴的清潔用品，只需要一些小妙招。16解析：選C根據空格前后的內容以及接下來列舉的幾條小妙招可知，C項“跟著以下步驟做”能起到承上啟下的作用。17解析：選F本段講的是用可樂清潔廁所，故F項“不是喝掉可樂，而是用之清潔馬桶”符合語境。18解析：選A根據下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不銹鋼。所以選A。19解析：選E根據上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材質也非常適合擦拭皮質，不會留下污痕或劃痕。所以選E。20解析：選B根據下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (無毒的) .”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段講的是如何自制玻璃清潔劑，故B項符合語境。.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Garbage trucks pick up rubbish and take it to dumps (垃圾場). Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger. The dumps are getting 21 . Now, we know that some things people throw away can be 22 . Recycling (回收) trucks come to many homes to 23 these recyclables.Some people sort their 24 into two separate boxes. This is called twostream recycling. One box 25 paper products, and one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials. Other people 26 singlestream recycling. They do not sort their recyclables into 27 boxes.The recycling trucks collect the recyclables that people throw away and 28 the materials to recycling centers. In some places, workers 29 the materials by hand, 30 many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables.New technology has made recycling centers more 31 . Large machines with magnets (磁鐵) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans. The cans are crushed (壓碎) and 32 to companies that reuse the metal. Other 33 crush paper and tie it together. Paper companies buy these things to 34 fresh paper.Recycling is 35 for many reasons. 36 we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up so 37 . Also, by recycling old materials, we will use 38 new materials. Recycling uses less energy than making 39 products. Recycling saves fossil fuels (礦物燃料) and 40 pollution. This is good for our planets health.語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了垃圾回收利用的方法及優(yōu)點。21A.smallBcleanCfull Dold解析：選C根據上文中的“Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger”可知，越來越多的垃圾使得垃圾場快“滿(full)”了。22A.returned BboughtCreused Dfound解析：選C根據下文中的“Recycling (回收) trucks come to many homes”及“The recycling trucks collect the recyclables”可知，人們扔掉的垃圾中有些是可以“再使用的(reused)”。23A.break up Bpick upCthrow away Dsearch for解析：選B根據下文中的“The recycling trucks collect the recyclables”可知，垃圾回收車去家里“撿(pick up)”垃圾。24A.products BclothesCrecyclables Dbooks解析：選C根據下文中的“This is called twostream recycling”可知，有些人把“可回收的垃圾(recyclables)”放進兩個不同的箱子里。25A.contains BprotectsClacks Ddestroys解析：選A根據下文中的“one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials”可知，一個箱子“裝(contains)”紙。26A.dislike BlearnCshare Duse解析：選D根據文中的“Some people sort their into two separate boxes ”及“They do not sort their recyclables into boxes”可知，有些人沒有把可回收的垃圾放入“不同的(separate)”箱子里，他們“采用(use)”的是單流程的回收方式。27A.big BpublicCcommon Dseparate解析：選D參見上題解析。28A.bring BsellCpass Dturn解析：選A垃圾回收車把人們扔掉的垃圾回收起來“送到(bring)”回收中心。29A.produce BsortCrepair Dcheck解析：選B根據下文中的“many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables”可知，有些地方的工人是手工將垃圾“分類(sort)”。30A.and BbecauseCso Dwhile解析：選D根據文中的“In some places, workers the materials by hand”與“many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables”可知，兩種工作方式形成對比，故用“但是(while)”。31A.usual BspecialCcomfortable Defficient解析：選D根據下文中的“Large machines with magnets (磁鐵) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans”可知，科技讓垃圾回收站更有“效率(efficient)”。32A.introduced BlentCsent Dshown解析：選C根據下文中的“companies that reuse the metal”