新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3筆記

New Horizon College English Unit 1New HorizonU1College English iiiBORN一、 be born + 形容詞（名詞）。 She was born happy. 她生來(lái)就很幸福。 He was born French. 他生為法國(guó)人。 二、 born + in, on等，表示出生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)。 Tom was born in Hebei Province on February 12，1999.1999年2月12日湯姆生于河北省。 Karl Marx was born on May 5，in Trier 卡爾馬克思5月5日生于特里爾。 Li Ping was born in 1988. 李平生于一九八八年。 三、 be born + of+（名詞），表示從.產(chǎn)生。 This invention was born of need. 這項(xiàng)發(fā)明是因需要而產(chǎn)生的。 四、 be born + in, into或to，表示降生到某家庭。 He was born in a workers family. 他出生在一個(gè)工人家庭。 Many children get a great start in life just by being born to people who know what it means to care and commit to a childs well-being and happiness.In 1867 Madam Curie was born into a teachers family. 1867年居里夫人出生在一個(gè)教師家庭。 五、 be born + with， 表示天賦；命運(yùn)。 He was born with a good memory. 他生來(lái)記性就好。 六、 be born+ to do, 表示生而為.；生來(lái)就是。 She was born to succeed in life. 她生來(lái)注定會(huì)成功。COMMIT1. 犯（某罪行）commit murder犯殺人罪 / commit adultery通奸/ commit blasphemy犯褻瀆罪 / About 17 percent of all crime in 1938 was committed by people under 21. 1938年全部犯罪案大約有百分之十七是未滿二十一歲的人犯的。2. 犯錯(cuò)commit a stupid blunder犯一個(gè)愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤 commit needless errors犯不必要的失誤/特別地，有commit suicide自殺。3. 作為及物動(dòng)詞，較為捉摸不定的另一個(gè)釋義，就是“交付”、“付之”（后有to介詞短語(yǔ)）（體味其含義，可以參考中文的“付諸流水”、“付諸實(shí)施”、“付之一炬”、“付之一笑”、“付梓”、“付郵”等用語(yǔ)），而賓語(yǔ)所代表的事物，總是要遭受到某種決定性重大行動(dòng)的影響。She committed all the letters to the flames. 她把所有信件付諸一炬。Youll need these figures so often that you must commit them to memory. 這些數(shù)字你是會(huì)常常用上的，所以你應(yīng)該記?。ǜ吨T記憶）。He committed his troubles to oblivion. 他把自己的麻煩置諸腦后（付諸遺忘）。He held his tongue and committed his thoughts to paper only. 他一言不發(fā)，有什么想法都只是寫在紙上（付諸筆墨）。He was loath to commit sensitive information to paper.他很不喜歡把敏感信息付諸筆墨。. Maria would commit the list to the official page in clean, precise writing. (The New York Times, Sept. 30, 2007) 瑪利亞就會(huì)把這個(gè)表格用清晰準(zhǔn)確的字體寫進(jìn)正式的填寫單上。 He was committed to trial. 他被交付審判。They committed him to prison. 他們把他關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄里。Hes been committed to a private psychiatric hospital in Newark. 他已經(jīng)被送到了紐瓦克的一所私人精神病院。 . we therefore commit his body to the ground: earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust. (Book of Common Prayer) 我們就此將他的身軀歸還大地：泥土歸泥土，灰燼歸灰燼，塵埃歸塵埃（塵歸塵，土歸土）。His body was committed to the waves. 他的遺體在海上水葬了。4. “將（某人或某事物）交托（另一人）負(fù)責(zé)（正面的）照料或（負(fù)面的）處理”。commit the management of an estate to an agent委托一個(gè)代理人管理產(chǎn)業(yè)。. on landing in Boston in 1872, my father and I were able safely to commit our trunk to the expressman. (Santayana) 1872年在波士頓上岸時(shí)，我父親和我把行李箱安全交托給了運(yùn)送員。 . into thy hand I commit my spirit. （Psalm 31:5 ）我將我的靈魂交在你手里。 She committed her son to the tutors care. 她把兒子交托給家庭教師照料。5. commit是使該人承擔(dān)某責(zé)任、義務(wù)或任務(wù)（to something）。One of the strengths of church wedding is that it commits two whole families to the support of the marriage. 在教堂舉行婚禮的一個(gè)好處，就是使得雙方全體家人都表態(tài)支持這門親事。That would commit us to the purchase. 這樣做，我們就會(huì)有義務(wù)非買不可。The pact commits both nations to mutual assistance. 根據(jù)協(xié)定，兩國(guó)有互助的義務(wù)。To commit oneself to something指自己承擔(dān)某種責(zé)任或義務(wù)。I cant commit myself to that. 我不能承諾這樣做。The candidate has not committed himself on this question. 候選人沒有就這個(gè)問(wèn)題表明態(tài)度。They want to experiment with computers without committing themselves to any capital expenditure. 他們想用電腦進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，而又不承擔(dān)任何投資支出。She had committed herself to helping him. 她已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了幫助他的義務(wù)。Lisa and Bruce had committed themselves to summer jobs away from home. 里薩和布魯斯已經(jīng)安排了暑期離家干一些活。如果不說(shuō)to something，單說(shuō)commit oneself，則意思是“表態(tài)”以及隨之而來(lái)的“承擔(dān)義務(wù)”。He wouldnt commit himself. 他不愿意表態(tài)。（可以參考形容詞noncommittal“不置可否”。）6. 如果直接賓語(yǔ)所代表的不是人而是資源或力量，commit something to something就是“將（某物）用于（某事）”的意思。to commit troops to Afghanistan派兵前往阿富汗 The company must commit its entire resources to the project. 該公司必須將全部資金投入這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中去。Were committing our blood to the battlefield. 我們正在把自己的鮮血投入戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。We committed years and resources to this cause. 我們?yōu)榱诉@個(gè)事業(yè)投入了多年的時(shí)間和許多資源。commit的過(guò)去分詞committed作為形容詞，意思是“被占用”、“有任務(wù)”。The truck is committed today. 卡車今天已經(jīng)有任務(wù)。7. to commit somebody/something to something意思是“使得（某人或某事物）負(fù)起（某個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)）”。Carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere commits the world to sea levels rising an average of up to 4.6 feet.大氣層中已有的二氧化碳，使得世界上的海平面升高平均可達(dá)4.6英尺。8. to be committed to可以是“堅(jiān)守（某一承諾或某一觀點(diǎn)）”或“對(duì)某事負(fù)有義務(wù)”的意思（屬表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的第一類動(dòng)詞）。Im committed to help him.我有義務(wù)要幫助他。He was committed to his view on the Iraq issue. 他堅(jiān)持他在伊拉克問(wèn)題上的觀點(diǎn)。He was committed to his own version of evolutionism. 他堅(jiān)守自己那個(gè)版本的進(jìn)化論。committed也可以演變成為純粹的形容詞。a committed Marxist堅(jiān)定的馬克思主義者 On land, human beings may be committed agriculturists, but in the sea they remain largely hunter-gatherersalbeit hunter-gatherers with industrialized fleets equipped with satellite and radar. (The Economist, Aug. 9, 2003, p. 19) 在陸地上，人類可能是堅(jiān)定的務(wù)農(nóng)主義者，但是在海上他們?nèi)匀恢饕轻鳙C采集業(yè)者，盡管這樣的狩獵采集業(yè)者擁有配備衛(wèi)星和雷達(dá)的工業(yè)化船隊(duì)9. commit也可以作為不及物動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于commit oneself。When you commit to war, you commit to a situation where you dont always have control.(Gen. Richard Myers, Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman. On Iraq war, Newsweek，Dec. 13, 2004, p. 36) 你一打起仗來(lái)，就要應(yīng)付一個(gè)你不一定總是控制得了的局面。REFLECT沉思；深思We should all give ourselves time to reflect. 我們都應(yīng)該給自己時(shí)間好好想想。I reflected on the childs future. 我認(rèn)真考慮了孩子的將來(lái)。認(rèn)為;想Things were very much changed since before the war, he reflected. 情況與戰(zhàn)前大不同了，他想。I tried to reflect on what was happening to me .我努力試圖對(duì)我周圍發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行反思。Difficult Delivery 難產(chǎn)Put onShe put on her coat and went out. 她穿上大衣出去了。Maximo put on a pair of glassesI havent even put any lipstick onShes just putting on her make up.她正在化妝Adjust toIt has been hard to adjust but now Im getting satisfaction from my work. 適應(yīng)雖然艱難，但是現(xiàn)在我已逐漸從工作中獲得了滿足。I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well. 我感到自己已經(jīng)完全接受了當(dāng)媽媽的想法。It has been hard to adjust but now Im getting satisfaction from my work. 適應(yīng)雖然艱難，但是現(xiàn)在我已逐漸從工作中獲得了滿足。He stopped to try to adjust his vision to the faint starlight. 他停下腳步試著讓眼睛適應(yīng)微弱的星光。strike /hit home v.擊中要害“You didnt have any right to want me,”she answered, striking cleanly home“你沒有任何權(quán)利需要我，”她打中要害地回答。His analysis really struck home. 他的分析的確是一針見血。The bullet hit home. 子彈命中目標(biāo).Come to由某人繼承財(cái)產(chǎn)這是不是意味著所有的現(xiàn)錢現(xiàn)在應(yīng)歸我。Does it mean that all the money will now come to me?到小說(shuō)結(jié)束時(shí)，他什么也沒得到。At the end of the story ,nothing came to him.談到，說(shuō)到 主語(yǔ)不一定是人現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)談?wù)劦谌c(diǎn)。Now lets come to the third point.說(shuō)到化學(xué)，我完全是門外漢。When it comes to chemistry, Im completely at sea.我正要談這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Im just about to come to it .注意：在這一用法中的come to 雖作talk about 解，但有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不一定是表示人的名詞或代詞。如句4中的it指的是時(shí)間。合計(jì)，總共一共（該付）多少錢？How much does our bill come to ?他的收入一年共十萬(wàn)元。His income comes to one hundred thousand yuan a year.來(lái)到，碰到，來(lái)參加，醒來(lái)當(dāng)他來(lái)到一座村子時(shí)，他聽到了一聲槍響。When he came to a village, he heard a gunshot.當(dāng)我碰到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞時(shí)，就查字典。When I come to a word I dont know, I look it up in the dictionary.他昨晚沒來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。He didnt come to the evening party last night.手術(shù)后不久他就蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)了。She came to soon after the e to 后可接某些名詞，構(gòu)成這些名詞原有的含義。come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論come to a decision 作出決定come to an agreement 達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議come to a solution 得出一個(gè)解決辦法come to the same opinion 取得一致意見come to some arrangement 作出某種安排come to an understanding 達(dá)成諒解come to a stop 停下來(lái)come to an end 結(jié)束come to blows 打了起來(lái)come to ones help(aid) 來(lái)幫助某人come to ones rescue 來(lái)救援某人comet to ones support 給某人以支持come to harm/grief 受害/吃虧come to nothing 沒有好處come to no good end 沒有好下場(chǎng)come to much/little 成就很大、不大come to ones notice (或attention) 引起某人注意come to reason 清醒過(guò)來(lái)come to ones senses 醒悟過(guò)來(lái)come to the point 說(shuō)到點(diǎn)子上，切中要害blow up & blow out第一個(gè)是blow up。Blow up這個(gè)詞根據(jù)不同上下文可以作四種解釋。最普通的意思是：用炸藥炸毀什么東西。例如：The retreating German army tried to blow up all the bridges on the Rhine River to stop the Allied troops from crossing into Germany.正在撤退的德國(guó)軍隊(duì)設(shè)法炸毀萊茵河上所有的橋梁來(lái)阻擋聯(lián)軍越過(guò)萊茵河進(jìn)入德國(guó)。另外blow up也可以指一個(gè)人發(fā)脾氣或發(fā)火。I really blew up when I learned that my girlfriend was going out with another man.這是說(shuō)：當(dāng)我知道我的女朋友還跟另外一個(gè)男朋友出去玩的時(shí)候，我可真火了。Blow up有的時(shí)候還可以解釋成給氣球吹氣，給排球和汽車輪胎打氣。I have to stop at the gas station to blow up my front tyres.他說(shuō)：我得到加油站去給汽車的前輪打氣。最后，放大照片也可以用blow up這個(gè)詞。你可以到印照片的店里對(duì)售貨員說(shuō)：I d like 8 by 10 blow ups of these negatives, please. ;請(qǐng)你把這些底片放大成8X10那么大的照片。汽車輪胎炸了可以用blow out這個(gè)詞。My car smashed into a tree when I had a blow-out.他說(shuō)：當(dāng)我的輪胎炸了的時(shí)候，我的車就撞到一棵樹上去了。Blow-out還可以解釋為把火滅掉Youd better blow out that candle before it sets fire to the tablecloth.這位母親說(shuō)：你最好還是把那蠟燭滅了吧，否則臺(tái)布都要燒著了。在另外一種情況下，blow-out可以指電燈的保險(xiǎn)絲斷了：All the lights went off in the building and the elevators stopped when the master fuse b