人機(jī)工效學(xué)預(yù)防基本知識(shí).ppt

1,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,The science of designing the job and the workplace to fit the worker Study of how people work at their jobs and interact with their environment,何謂人體工效學(xué) (Ergonomics)?,人體工效學(xué)是一門研究人類與他們所處的工作環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系的一門學(xué)科。其最終目標(biāo)是使之更加安全，舒適，如而提高生產(chǎn)力。,2,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常見(jiàn)的傷害,慢性（累積性的骨骼肌肉疾病） 腱鞘炎 “高爾夫肘” 頸椎?。ㄉ砬茸冎?， 頸椎增生等） 腰椎病 （腰椎間盤突出） 腕管綜合征 電腦視覺(jué)疲勞癥 “網(wǎng)球肘” “鼠標(biāo)手”,急性 拉傷 扭傷,3,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,癥狀,4,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,正確的設(shè)置（手提電腦用戶）,使用墊高架， 外接鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)。 提高手提電腦使其屏幕的最上方保持與眼睛的同一水平。 眼睛與電腦的距離約為一手臂 （18-26 英寸） 調(diào)整椅子高度，使鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)與肘部保持同一距離。手臂與地面平行， 腕部是筆直的。,5,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,顯示屏的設(shè)置: 高度:顯示屏的最上方保持與眼睛的同一水平 距離：眼睛與電腦的距離約為一手臂 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題（頸部）: 屏幕太高，太低，或太遠(yuǎn) 屏幕與鍵盤不在一直線上 接電話時(shí)用頸部夾著電話 所呈現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)因素: 笨拙的姿勢(shì) - 頸部伸長(zhǎng)，低頭， 彎曲 靜態(tài)荷載 - 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持同一姿勢(shì)。,6,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,屏幕太高，太低 距離太遠(yuǎn) 屏幕與鍵盤不在一條線上 接電話時(shí)用頸部夾著電話,問(wèn)題 改進(jìn)措施,使用墊高架 拉近你自己靠近工作臺(tái)， 調(diào)整距離。 把屏幕對(duì)準(zhǔn)鍵盤， 使之在同一直線上,使用耳機(jī)接聽(tīng)電話,7,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,鍵盤使用 使用外接鍵盤 使用鍵盤時(shí)肩膀放松 上臂與地面平行，上臂與前臂保持90 度，雙臂貼近身體 手腕和手保持一直線 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題 （肩部） 聳肩：由于扶手過(guò)高，或鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)過(guò)高,8,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題（手腕，手， 手指） 使用手提電腦上的鍵盤 腕部屈曲 手腕擱在桌邊 或是手提電腦的邊緣上 動(dòng)作迅速， 很少休息 所呈現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)因素: 接觸壓力 -手腕擱在桌邊 或是手提電腦的邊緣上 笨拙的姿勢(shì) -手腕不是自然的中立姿勢(shì).,9,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,聳肩： 使用手提電腦上的鍵盤 腕部笨拙的姿勢(shì) 手腕擱在堅(jiān)硬的表面邊緣 迅速的移動(dòng)， 很少休息,問(wèn)題 改進(jìn)措施,調(diào)整椅子高度，使上臂與前臂保持90 度,使用外接的鍵盤,手腕保持直的，保持中立姿勢(shì),使用外接鍵盤，并配有鍵盤墊,有空時(shí)休息,10,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,不正確的姿勢(shì)：手腕支在鍵盤托的邊緣,正確的姿勢(shì)：手腕平放，打字時(shí)能隨意移動(dòng)。,11,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,鼠標(biāo)的使用,使用外接鼠標(biāo). 確保鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤在同一高度。 鼠標(biāo)的移動(dòng)應(yīng)由整個(gè)手臂帶動(dòng)， 而非腕部。 找到合適你手大小的鼠標(biāo) 正確地握住鼠標(biāo)，用最小的力氣點(diǎn)擊。 所呈現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)因素： 接觸壓力 重復(fù) 用力過(guò)大 笨拙的姿勢(shì),12,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,使用鼠標(biāo)時(shí)，手指要保持在一個(gè)放松， 自然的位置。. 你的手必須與你的手腕和前臂成一直線 當(dāng)你用鼠標(biāo)時(shí)，確保你的肘部貼近你的身體兩側(cè)，你的肩部處于放松的狀態(tài)。 考慮學(xué)會(huì)左手和右手都會(huì)使用鼠標(biāo),P,使用鼠標(biāo)時(shí)，不要將手向一側(cè)扭曲 不要手指緊繃或緊握鼠標(biāo) 使用鼠標(biāo)時(shí)，不要用手腕支撐及手部向上彎曲,X,X,X,X,X,13,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,使用軌跡球時(shí)，將你的手保持在一個(gè)放松的位置。 你的手和手腕及前臂成一直線 當(dāng)你使用軌跡球時(shí)，確保你的肘部貼近你的身體兩側(cè)， 你的肩部處于放松的狀態(tài)。,使用軌跡球時(shí)，不要將你的手腕向一側(cè)扭曲 不要手指緊繃或緊握軌跡球。 使用軌跡球時(shí)，不要將手腕向上彎曲,X,X,X,X,X,14,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,椅子和坐姿 椅子高度：確保屏幕的最上方保持與眼睛的同一水平 坐滿椅子.背部靠在椅背上 雙腳平放于地面 坐直身體， 避免“C” 字形姿勢(shì) (從側(cè)面看） 留有少許空間( 約一個(gè)拳頭）在膝蓋與椅子的邊緣 之間 肩部放松, 肘部靠近身體兩側(cè), 雙手放松，移動(dòng)自如,15,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,錯(cuò)誤姿勢(shì),身體背部沒(méi)有靠在椅背上,身體前傾并用肘支撐頭部,16,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,錯(cuò)誤姿勢(shì)： 頭部前傾,正確的頭部姿勢(shì)： 頭部與肩膀垂直,17,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題 （腰背） 背部前傾，沒(méi)有靠在椅背上 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題 （腿部） 腿部背面壓著座椅，或雙膝高于大腿，雙腳擠在座椅輪腳下 腿部前方?jīng)]有足夠空間 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題（雙臂） 手臂向前伸展，肘部不在90度位置,18,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,控制電腦的閃爍。 光線差時(shí)，開(kāi)燈。 陽(yáng)光強(qiáng)烈時(shí)，拉上窗簾。調(diào)低顯示屏的亮度。 保持顯示屏的 清潔。 必要時(shí)使用防閃爍顯示屏。 經(jīng)常檢查視力。 經(jīng)常讓眼睛休息一下。 用20-20 原則：每看電腦20 分鐘，向遠(yuǎn)方眺望20 秒。 閉上眼睛，深呼吸30 秒。,視力保護(hù),19,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.,推薦,文件夾 當(dāng)你需要大量的文件輸入的打字工作時(shí)，使用文件假。可把文件夾放置在靠近顯示屏 （約同一高度和距離） 電話 把電話放的離你近些的地方。 如果你需要一邊聽(tīng)電話一邊做其他事情時(shí)可使用耳機(jī)。,20,人體工效學(xué)概述和工作臺(tái)評(píng)估,Department | 3/9/2010 | Robert B