過去分詞的句法功能.docVIP

過去分詞的句法功能過去分詞是一種非謂語動詞，在句中不能單獨做謂語。但它具有形容詞和副詞的特性，故在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。（一）定語作定語用的過去分詞如果是單個的詞，就放在被修飾的詞的前面；若為分詞短語則放在所修飾的詞的后面。如：The excited children are opening their Christmas presents.興奮的孩子們正在打開他們的圣誕禮物。Some of the people invited (=who have been invited) to the party cant come.有些被邀請參加晚會的人不能來。注意：（1）做定語用的過去分詞通常指已完成的動作，若要表示現(xiàn)在進行的動作則要用過去分詞的進行形式。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.=We must keep a secret of the things which are being discussed here.我們必須對這里討論的問題保密。（2）如指未來的情況，都用不定式的被動形式。He prepared some poems to be recited at the English evening.他準(zhǔn)備了幾首將在英語晚會上朗誦的詩。例1The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. Aopen BopeningChaving openedDopened答案與簡析：選D。過去分詞短語作后置定語，相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句which was opened. 過去分詞作后置定語課文中的例句：And this landscape is also wonderfully compact, so you can stride over grassy slopes with spectacular views of idyllic lakes far below, set against imposing peaks.（二）表語Be prepared! 做好準(zhǔn)備！Everybody got excited about the boat trip.大家對坐船游覽倍感興奮。（三）賓（主）語補足語What made you so frightened?什么使你這樣驚恐？He was found injured at the foot of a cliff.他被發(fā)現(xiàn)在山巖腳下受了傷。例2The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.Acarry outBcarrying outCcarried outDto carry out答案與簡析：選C。過去分詞短語在定語從句中作賓補。（四）做狀語1Born into a peasant family (=As he was born into a peasant family), he had only two years of schooling.（由于）他出生于農(nóng)民家庭，他只上了兩年學(xué)。2United we stand, divided we fall.=(If we are) United we stand and (=If we are divided) we fall.團結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。3We went home exhausted (=and were exhausted). 我們筋疲力盡地回到了家里。4. Tucked away (=Although it is tucked away) in one corner of northwest England, the Lake District is quite unique. 5. Now preserved (=Since/As it is now preserved 該結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首作為原因狀語更貼切，若置于句尾則可視為伴隨狀語) forever as the Lake District National Park, this lovely corner of the country is quintessentially English.6分詞有時和連詞一起用，相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略。 Robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever (he was) needed. 羅比已安排好，隨時需要這人就可以來。例3The child complained that the old man made no answer when _ where he lived.AaskingBaskedCto askDhaving asked答案與簡析：選B。狀語從句的省略wh