犢牛論文不同飼喂條件下犢牛胃解剖組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究.docVIP

犢牛論文：不同飼喂條件下犢牛胃解剖組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究【中文摘要】本實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇新生的健康荷斯坦公犢牛15頭,每5頭一組,隨機(jī)分為三組:牛奶和犢牛料自由采食,以下簡稱自由采食組(組);牛奶和犢牛料按比例定量采食,以下簡稱定量采食組(組);全牛奶飼喂,以下簡稱全乳飼喂組(組)。飼喂3個月后,用大體解剖學(xué)和組織學(xué)方法,對三組犢牛胃的黏膜上皮顏色、黏膜形態(tài)及各胃室的重量大小比例進(jìn)行觀察測定,并對各胃室黏膜的組織結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較分析,旨在探討三種不同飼喂條件對犢牛胃解剖組織形態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)育的影響,為哺乳動物胃的比較發(fā)育學(xué)研究積累形態(tài)學(xué)資料,為動物生理與營養(yǎng)學(xué),動物醫(yī)學(xué)等學(xué)科提供有價值的參考資料。實(shí)驗(yàn)共包括兩個部分:1.三種不同飼喂條件下犢牛胃解剖形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究本研究結(jié)果顯示:自由采食組犢牛胃的前胃黏膜上皮顏色較深,呈現(xiàn)明顯的深褐色或黑色,定量采食組與自由采食組基本相似,只有瓣胃黏膜上皮顏色稍淺,略顯白色,而全乳飼喂組的前胃與皺胃黏膜上皮顏色均為乳白色。自由采食組、定量采食組的犢牛胃黏膜乳頭和黏膜皺褶發(fā)育正常,與成年牛的解剖形態(tài)特征基本一致,全乳飼喂組的前胃黏膜乳頭略顯退化,黏膜皺褶發(fā)育遲緩,但皺胃比前兩組發(fā)達(dá)。自由采食組瘤胃重量最大,定量采食組次之,全乳飼喂組最小,而且前兩組瘤胃重量占犢牛胃總重的比例較大,分別為52.76%和49.78%,達(dá)到總重量的一半左右,而全乳飼喂組為40.42%,占胃總重的相對比例較小。因此,三組試驗(yàn)中全乳飼喂條件下犢牛的前胃發(fā)育受到明顯抑制,而牛奶與犢牛料自由采食或定量采食條件下的犢牛胃形態(tài)發(fā)育基本正常。2.三種不同飼喂條件下犢牛胃組織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究本研究結(jié)果表明:三組犢牛胃瘤胃乳頭的高度和寬度數(shù)據(jù)顯示,自由采食組瘤胃乳頭最高,寬度最大,定量采食組次之,全乳飼喂組最差,但黏膜上皮的角化程度稍有差別:自由采食組和全乳飼喂組前胃的黏膜層比較厚,其黏膜上皮角化程度較高,而定量采食組較差,黏膜上皮的角化層厚度以全乳飼喂組最厚,自由采食組次之,定量采食組最薄。三組犢牛皺胃腺區(qū)腺體細(xì)胞的形態(tài)與數(shù)量在三組間差異不大,胃體和幽門處體部細(xì)胞主要為主細(xì)胞,頸黏液細(xì)胞較少,無壁細(xì)胞;胃底腺區(qū)以主細(xì)胞最多,但壁細(xì)胞較大,胞質(zhì)紅染,形態(tài)比較明顯。三組犢牛胃各胃室的肌層厚度以自由采食組最厚,定量采食組次之,全乳飼喂組最薄;但網(wǎng)胃和皺胃幽門處的肌層厚度為全乳飼喂組最厚,其次為自由采食組,定量采食組最薄。因此,三組試驗(yàn)中自由采食條件下犢牛胃前胃的組織形態(tài)發(fā)育較好,定量采食條件下犢牛前胃組織形態(tài)發(fā)育基本正常,全乳飼喂條件下前胃發(fā)育受到抑制,但三組犢牛皺胃的組織形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致?！居⑽恼縏he fifteen healthy Holstein male calves were chosen in the study and divided into three groups randomly. Milk and calf feeding freedom eat, hereinafter referred to as free intake group (group); milk and calf feed intake in proportion to the quantitative, hereinafter referred to as quantitative intake group (group); whole milk feeding, hereinafter referred to as full Milk fed group (group). Three months feeding experiments were carried out by three different feeding methods. The three groupsgastric mucosa epithelial color, the morphological changes and weight size scale analysis and comparison were observed by using gross anatomy method, and to study the stomach room mucosal morphological structure was analyzed. Recently to discuss three different feeding conditions on the stomach tissue morphology development calves, also can affect the stomach for mammals comparative development studies for animals, morphological data accumulated physiological and nutrition, animal medicine, and other disciplines provide valuable reference material and experimental theory basis. Experiment consists of two parts:1. The study about morphological anatomy of calf stomach on the different feeding conditionsThe result of study show that: The color of fore stomach gastric mucosa epithelial was darker in freedom feeding group, present dark brown or black, and the limited feeding group basic similar, only gastric mucosal epithelium color of omasum leaflet a little shallow, present slightly white, and the abomasum mucosal surfaces of whole milk feeding group present milky white color is overall gastric mucosal epithelium, the color didnt be changed. The morphological characteristics of gastric mucosa were basically coincided the literature of the stomach in adult cattle between the freedom feeding group and limited feeding group, the stomach mucosa nipple of whole milk feeding group had been degraded, but the development of abomasum was better than the others. The weight of rumen in freedom feeding group was the largest, then the limited feeding group and whole milk feeding group; The rumen weight ratio of total weight calf stomach was respectively 52.76% and 49.78% in freedom feeding group and limited feeding group, about half the total weight, and in whole milk feeding group, only for 40.42% ratio, the total weight of the relative proportion stomach smaller. So fore stomach of the whole milk feeding group development was restrained, and morphological development of free feed and quantitative gather the food group were basically normal.2. The study about morphological structure of calf stomach on the different feeding conditions The results of the study indicate that: The height and width of rumen nipple in the mucosal surfaces calves stomach is tend to heighten based on the whole milk feeding group-limited feeding group-freedom feeding group, but the degree of cornification was slightly different: The cuticle of gastric mucosal epithelium were thicker between in the freedom feeding group and the whole milk feeding group , but the degree of cornification was poorer in limited feeding group, The cuticle of gastric mucosal epithelium in the thickness of the whole milk feeding groups was the most thick, freedom feeding group less, and limited feeding group was the most thin. The glands cell of abomasum gland area had a little differences between each group, the cells of body were mainly chief cells in gastric body and pylorus, mucous neck cells were less, and no parietal cells; This is the gland areas to chief cells most, but the parietal cells is bigger, the cytoplasmic was dyed red, so the form was more apparent. The muscular layer thickness of freedom feeding group was the most thick, limited feeding group was lass, the whole milk feeding group was the most thin group (the muscular layer of reticulum and abomasum pylorus for thickness the whole milk feeding groups was the most thick, followed by freedom feeding group, and limited feeding group was thin) . In the morphological structure of abomasum gastricwall, there was the circular muscle inside and the longitudinal muscle outside, but the oblique muscle was not being seen. So the morphological developments of freedom feeding and limited group were basically normal, fore stomach of the whole milk feeding group development was restrained, and the morphological characteristics of abomasum were basically coincided in these three groups.【關(guān)鍵詞】犢牛 胃 形態(tài) 發(fā)育【英文關(guān)鍵詞】calves stomach morphology development【目錄】不同飼喂條件下犢牛胃解剖組織學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究摘要5-6Summary6-71 文獻(xiàn)綜述8-201.1 犢牛胃的解剖組織結(jié)構(gòu)特征8-111.1.1 犢牛胃的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)特征8-91.1.2 犢牛胃的組織結(jié)構(gòu)特征9-111.2 犢牛胃的生長發(fā)育及功能特點(diǎn)11-141.2.1 犢牛胃的生長發(fā)育特點(diǎn)11-131.2.1.1 犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的解剖學(xué)特點(diǎn)111.2.1.2 犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的組織學(xué)特點(diǎn)11-131.2.1.2.1 黏膜上皮的顏色變化121.2.1.2.2 黏膜皺褶形態(tài)變化12-131.2.1.2.3 各胃室胃壁厚度和肌層厚度變化131.2.2 犢牛胃的功能特點(diǎn)13-141.3 不同飼喂條件對犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響14-191.3.1 不同飼料成分對犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響14-191.3.1.1 飼喂全乳對犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響14-151.3.1.2 飼喂精料對犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響15-161.3.1.3 飼喂粗飼料對犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響16-171.3.1.4 不同比例混合飼料對犢牛生長發(fā)育的影響17-181.3.1.5 其他飼料成分對犢牛生長發(fā)育的影響18-191.3.2 不同飼喂方式對犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響191.3.2.1 放牧條件下犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響191.3.2.2 圈養(yǎng)條件下犢牛胃生長發(fā)育的影響191.4 小結(jié)19-202 研究背景20-213 材料與方法21-253.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料21-223.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物213.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑、儀器213.1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備21-223.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法22-253.2.1 分組與飼喂22-233.2.2 樣品的固定方法233.2.3 犢牛胃的大體解剖233.2.4 組織切片23-243.2.6 石蠟切片與染色方法243.2.7 圖像與數(shù)據(jù)分析方法24-254 結(jié)果與分析25-414.1 解剖學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果25-304.1.1 犢牛各胃黏膜上皮顏色的比較觀察25-264.1.2 胃黏膜皺褶形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征的比較觀察26-284.1.3 各胃室大小比例及重量的觀察與測定28-294.1.4 瘤胃乳