英語本科畢業(yè)論文-在翻譯目的論指導(dǎo)下英語介詞的漢譯研究.doc

yibinuniversity本科生畢業(yè)論文題 目 在翻譯目的論指導(dǎo)下英語介詞的漢譯研究院 別 外國語學(xué)院_ 專 業(yè) 英語_學(xué)生姓名 _ 學(xué) 號(hào) 110405034 班級(jí) 2011 級(jí) 5 班 指導(dǎo)教師 職稱 講師_ 教務(wù)處制表 年 月 日作者名：居中，三號(hào)字；拼音斜體，漢字正體。study on the translation strategies of english prepositions based on skopos theory套話：三號(hào)字，斜體；居中；斷行的位置；單位與時(shí)間：三號(hào)字正體；an essay submitted as a partial requirement forthe degree of b. a. in englishschool of foreign languages yibinuniversitymay, 201在翻譯目的論指導(dǎo)下英語介詞的漢譯研究摘要：英語是一種介詞的語言，英語介詞使用頻率高，搭配能力強(qiáng)，含義靈活，因此在翻譯中是比較難以處理的一種詞類。在翻譯時(shí)需要從其基本含義出發(fā)，密切聯(lián)系上下文靈活處理。翻譯目的論以人類行為理論為指導(dǎo)，把翻譯置于人類行為理論的范疇研究。目的論論者認(rèn)為翻譯是有明確的目的和意圖，在譯者的作用下，以原文文本為基礎(chǔ)的跨文化的人類交際活動(dòng)。目的論以文本目的為翻譯過程的第一準(zhǔn)則，認(rèn)為翻譯是一種有目的的活動(dòng)，目的決定了譯者需要采用何種翻譯策略和方法。因此，不難看出翻譯目的論與英語介詞的翻譯有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，目的論的提出無疑為英語介詞的漢譯提供了可靠的指導(dǎo)。本文擬從目的論的角度對(duì)英語介詞的漢譯策略進(jìn)行探討，希望能在一定程度上證明目的論對(duì)英語介詞翻譯的實(shí)用性。關(guān)鍵詞：英語介詞；翻譯；目的論study on the translation strategies of english prepositions based on skopos theoryabstractenglish is a language of english prepositions which are used frequently. with flexible meanings and usages, thus they are difficult to deal with in translation. when translating them, we need to proceed from its basic meaning, in close contact with the context of flexible processing. skopos theory regards human behavior theory as the instruction, and put translation a study of under it.the skopos theory professors view that translation,in the role of the translator, is a cross-cultural human communication activities with clear purpose and intention based on the original text. skopos theory takes text purpose as the first criteria in the process of translation and holds that translation is a purposeful activity, which determines what translation strategies and methods the translator needs.itthe emergence of skopos theory undoubtedly provided reliable guidance for the translation of english prepositions. this paper is going to discuss the translation strategies of english prepositions from the perspective of skopos theory, and hopes to demonstrate the applicability of skopos theory guiding the translation of english prepositions in a certain extent.key words: english prepositions; translation; skopos theoryacknowledgmentsmy deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problemsduring the difficult course of the thesis.iiicontent摘要iabstractiiacknowledgmentsiii. introduction- 1 -. a brief review of skopos theory- 2 -a the development of skopos theory- 3 -b. the concept of skopos theory- 4 -1. the definition of skopos theory- 4 -2. three rules of skopos theory- 6 -3. the applicability of skopos theory of translation of english prepositions- 7 -c. remarks on skopos theory- 8 -. a brief review of english prepositions- 11 -a. the concept of english prepositions- 11 -b. the features of english prepositions- 11 -c. the applicability of skopos theory of translation of english prepositions- 12 - the translation strategies of english prepositions in the light of skopos theory- 14 -a. necessary addition of words- 14 -b. necessary omission of words- 16 -c. mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expression- 18 -d. translation of division- 19 -e. conversion of parts of speech- 21 -1. convert prepositions into connectives- 21 -2. convert prepositions into adjectives and adverbs- 22 -3. convert prepositions into verbs- 22 -v. conclusion- 26 -works cited- 27 -.introductionas times pass, with chinas entering to wto, chinese and english seem to be equally important in the world, so the mutual transformation of the two languagesis becoming a more and more important task for us. here one language transform into other is called the mutual translation. in english, the number of english preposition is not large, but the constitution prepositional phrases in english can be seen here and there.they are versatile and with flexible position; play an important role in a sentence. so, it is very important for the correct translation of english prepositions,worthy of further research and analysis. however, the english prepositions flexible characteristichas brought a huge challenge to the translator. in this case, the translation of english prepositions must jump out the principle of simple language equivalence model and seek new development. the emergence of skopos theory undoubtedly provides effective guidance for the translation of english prepositions. skopos theorytakestextpurpose as the firstcriteriain the process of translationandholds that translation is apurposeful activity,whichdetermines what translationstrategies and methods the translatorneeds, namely purposeful determinism. therefore, if the translator can skilled grasp the purpose of translation and the translation method, it can translate high quality version. in view of this,this paper is going to discuss thetranslationstrategiesof english prepositionsfrom theperspective of skopos theory, for the hope to help the translator better understand the features and functions of english prepositions, and provides guidance for translators in the chinese translation of english prepositions, also hope to demonstrate theapplicability ofskopostheory guiding the translation of englishprepositionsina certain extent. a brief review of skopos theorythroughout the history of translation, people were constantly showing deliberation and exploration over many problems in translation, thus formulated different translation theories and study schools, various translation theories competing and exhibiting, provided new perspective for translation studies. from the beginning of the mid twentieth century, western studies on translation theory has made great breakthrough. theorists begin to interpret translation phenomena from point of views of hermeneutics, deconstruction, post colonialism, feminism, discourse right, aesthetics of reception, and reader response theory, etc. leading the emergence of manipulation, polysystem and functionalist and other fractions. among them, the fundamental theory of functional translation theory is skopos theory. (tang 159) the immediate background of skopos theory is action theory. before, translation had been seen mainly as a code-switching procedure. with the pragmatic turn both in linguistics (leading to a pragmatics-based text theory) and literary theory (leading to reception aesthetics) as well as in communication theory in mind, vermeer and the other skopos scholars, started to view translation as a purposeful intercultural communicative activity between individuals instead of something that is done to a text by a translator. “the social background was the growing need for professional translators and interpreters not only in industry and commerce but also in the international organizations established after world war ii.”(bian 44) as a core theory of functionalist, it is a new translation theory developed by a german translator and critic, han vermeer. this theory basically belongs to the external studies on translation, it focuses on the choice of purposes during the process of translation,so on doubt can compensate for the lack of traditional translation theory study, thus adding a new research perspective for the exploration to interdisciplinary translation.a the development of skopos theoryemerge in an endless stream of chinese and foreign translation theories, most of which take translation as linguistic behavior, the study focused on the language itself. for example: the idea of german leipzig school: translation is a pure language semantic behavior, taking sentence as a unit, independent of special text, writer, wood and context. in 1972 katharina first proposed the function models of translation, but she still made linguistic as the key point the translation. (li 113) skopos theory developed from the functionalist translation theory in the 1970s in german. the main contributors are katharina reiss, hans vermeer, justa holz manttari and christiane nord. the first stage: “reiss published possibilities and limitations in translation criticism, in which the prototype of the functionalist theory in translation was firstly mentioned.” (wang, zhao 360) on one hand, while she is still adhere to the original text as the center of the equivalence theory; on the other hand, she think one should evaluate a text based on the relationship between both the original text and the version , and points out that “the ideal version should be equal to the original text from the conceptual content, language forms and communicative function, she named this translation comprehensive communicative translation.the second stage: vermeer, student of rice, inherited some of reiss ideas, and at the same time also broke the equivalence theory in traditional translation theory; based on the theory of behavior, with the purposeful rule as the first law of translation, she created the skopos theory. the purpose of skopos theory refers to the communicative purpose of the translation, and has something to do with the translation recipient, text environment and the target functions and other factors. (wang 144) according to vermeers point of view, the core meaning and the supreme law of the theory is purposeful principle, that is to say the purposes of translation activities mostly determines the translation activity process, a direct result of which is to produce a target language that can achieve the expected function. in other words, the purpose of translation largely determines the translation strategies and methods. (huang 73) the third stage: mantari made a further study based on vermeers foundation, drawing on communication and behavior theory, she put forward the theory of translational action theory, pointed out that translation is a complex behavior to achieve for special purpose. the object of study of mantaris translation theory covers all forms of intercultural transfer, and she proposed to distinguish translation and translation behavior. translation behavior refers to a process that conveys information for the realization of conversion design for the trans-culture and cross-language information; and translation is just a text form of cultural transformation activities, it is the specific operation of translation behavior. in addition, she also emphasized the behavior of translation process, the role of participants, and the occurrence environment in translation plays a important role in translation practice. (wang 144) the fourth stage: in 1989, nord bring the function and fidelity principle in the functionalist translation theory. he described the internal and external factors of the analysis of text in translation that need to be considered, and how to lay down translation strategies that satisfy the purpose of translation based on the function of the source language, so that made the functionalist skopos theory is scientific and as a guide. b. the concept of skopos theory here i discuss three aspects of skopos theory: the definition of skopos theory, three rules of skopos theory, and the applicability of skopos theory of translation of english prepositions.1. the definition of skopos theorymost of the domestic scholars put the skopos theory and functionalism theory as the same theory, and use them abusively without distinction. in fact, skopos school and functionalism school is not the same in specific meaning, which nord had done to distinguish: functionalism is a broad term for various theories of study text and the function of translation (chen 49)skopos theory was firstly advanced by hans vermeer, a german theorist of translation. “it was the first time to dissertate the basic principles and rules of skopos theory and the relationships among these principles and rules in a framework for a general. the theory of translation was published by vermeer in 1978.” (dang 135) “skopos is a greek word for purpose. skopos theory is a kind of translation theory that applies the notion of skopos to translation.” (du 507) skopos theory regards human behavior theory as the instruction, and put translation a study of under it. the skopos theory professors view that translation, in the role of the translator, is a cross-cultural human communication activities with clear purpose and intention based on the original text. translation is a interactive activities with intention. the intention first refers to the aim to change the existing situation, at least let those who due to language barriers having difficulty in communicating achieve the communicative activities; secondly, refers to the more strict nature intention in communication, for instance, provides the content of source language expressed by the author to the target language receiver. according to that theory, the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose (skopos) of the overall translational action. there possibly are three kinds of purpose in the field of translation: (1) the general purpose aimed at by the translator in the translation process (perhaps to earn a living); (2) the communicative purpose aimed at by the target teat in the target situation (perhaps to instruct the reader);(3) the purpose aimed at by a particular translation strategy or procedure (for example, to translate literally in order to show the structural particularities of the source language). (du 507) for this line of thought, translation cannot be considered a one- to- one transfer between languages.” in vermeer s approach, translation is a form of translational action based on a source text, which may consist of verbal and/or nonverbal elements.” vermeer explained that any action has an aim or purpose, for translation is considered as one of human actions, it should have its own aim or purpose. so he called his theory translation skopos theory, which means this is a theory of purposeful action.2. three rules of skopos theory as the most important theory of functionalism, skopos theory has its own distinctive characteristics. “three rules are put forward to govern and guide the translational action: skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. these rules are used to accommodate translations to different functions.” (wang 154) the first rule of translation is the skopos rule. skopos rules refers to translation should be in the target language context and culture, and acts according to the anticipated means expected by the tl audience. the fundamental principle that can decide the process of the whole translation activity is skopos, which is further divided into three types: 1) the basic purpose of the translator; 2)the communicative purpose of the translated text; 3) the purpose that specific translation strategy or method want to achieve. but skopos is a term often refers to the purpose of the original text, namely, communicative purposes. besides skopos, vermeer also mentioned several related concept: they are aim, purpose, intention and function. aim is the final result behavior is to achieve; purpose refers to the phase and result of the process to reach the target; function refers to the meaning that the text conveys in the eyes of recipients; intention refers to the purposeful action plan, including the sender producing text purposefully in a proper way and the recipient has his goal when understands the text. to distinguish the purpose and intention of the sender and receiver is very important, because the sender and recipient is in different cultural background and context from the definition. among the five concepts, skopos is a class concept, the remaining four are subordination concept. skopos is determined by the translation initiator. (duan 82) after the skopos rule is the coherence rule, “coherence rule is also called the intra-textual coherence. it means that the target text should have full coherence so that the target readership can be able to understand the text in an easy and clear way.” (li 115) nord said that a translator can offer information of the target text in the target culture and language, and it was much like someone else in the source culture and language to offer information. “fidelity rule is also called inter-textual coherence, which means that the target-text should conform to its source-text, or it should hear some relation with the source text.”(sun, wang 154) it is somewhat alike to equivalence theory. but in functionalism, fidelity rule should he subordinate to skopos rule and coherence rule. neglecting the fidelity rule is not the purpose. in fact, we can see that the consistency in translation is important. functionalism argues against the hidebound consistency between the source-text and the target-text. but it still insists on the relationship between them. so, we can have a conclusion that fidelity rule should he flexible used. it is not an absolutely preciseness conclusion for any kind of translation. the relationship among these three rules is: fidelity rule subordinate to the coherencerule, and the two were subjected to the objective rules. if the translation purpose requires tochange the