初中英語句子成分ppt.ppt

1、,句子成分,概念：組成句子的各個部分， 即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、 賓語補足語、定語和狀語， 主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。,主語 主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。 一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當于名詞的單詞或 短語來充當，也有從句充當的現象。 大多數主語都在句首。,主語（subject）: 句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首,The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞) Seeing is believing. （動名詞）

2、,講述“誰” We work in a big factory. 講述“什么” The classroom is very big. 數詞作主語 Three are enough. 三個人就夠了 不定式作主語 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job. 從句作主語 What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主語的位置在中間。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.,在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式

3、主語。 如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.,To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主語從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,形式主語,真正主語,It =that the elephant is round an

4、d tall like a tree,The rich should help the poor.,名詞化的形容詞,1.Do exercise is good for your health. 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.,V.不能做主語！,指出下列句中主語的中心詞, The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 介詞不能作主語 There is an old man coming here.,There is an apple on the ta

5、ble. An apple is there on the table., The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,找出下面句子的主語 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.,主語小測

6、,單選： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They,謂語：說明主語是什么，做什么或怎么樣。 由動詞充當，主語和謂語

7、在人稱和數上必須保持一致。 謂語動詞存在多種時態(tài)，它是句子的核心。,He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German.,謂語（predicate）:是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。,I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning.,The plane took off at 1

8、0 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night?,簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成,You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cough. We are sudents. That idea sounds great!,復合謂語：1.情態(tài)動詞助動詞+v 2.系動詞+adj.,Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at others!

9、 Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句： 1.省略主語you 2.謂語動詞用原形,找出下列句子的謂語, I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?, Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. We had better send for a

10、 doctor. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now!,按要求找出下列句子的主謂： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主謂） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （謂） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主謂） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen i

11、n the center of town. （主謂） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主謂）,主謂小測,祈使句,省略主語you,1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketbal

12、l every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone,單選：,Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事對某人來說是的,形式主語,真正的主語,to finish,3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I hav

13、e one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good,祈使句，謂語動詞用原形,動名詞做主語,感官動詞+adj.,表語：說明主語是說明或怎么樣， 由名詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語、句子等充當。它的位置在系動詞后面。,形容詞作表語 You look younger than before. 名詞作表語 My father is a teacher. 副詞作表語 Everyone is here. 介詞短語作表語 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表語 My job is to teach them English.

14、動名詞作表語 Her job is training the nurses. 從句作表語 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.,賓語:表示動作、行為的對象， 由名詞、代詞、不定式、V-ing、從句充當，和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。它和謂語動詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動詞后面。有時，會有雙賓語。,如： 名詞作賓語 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代詞做賓語 He often helps me. 不定式作賓語 He likes to sleep in the open air

15、. 動名詞作賓語 The Americans enjoyed living in China. 從句做賓語 I believe that they can finish the work in time.,直接賓語和間接賓語 及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的對象。但有些動詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個間接賓語，間接賓語表語動作是對誰做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來充當。 如： We brought them some food. 主 謂 間賓 直賓 間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加to 或 for。,賓語的補足語 在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語

16、并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補足語才能表達完整的意思。我們把“賓語賓語補足語”合起來稱為復合賓語。復合賓語所表達的意思相當于一個巨資的意思。名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以作賓語補足語.,名詞作賓補 If you let me go, Ill make you king. 形容詞作賓補 Dont make your hands dirty. 副詞作賓補 We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介詞短語作賓補 Make yourself at home. 省略to的不定式作賓補 I saw a girl

17、go into the building. 帶to的不定式作賓補 The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 現在分詞作賓補 The boss kept them working all day. 過去分詞作賓補 Yesterday he got his leg broken.,在英語中,常見的“賓語賓語補足語”的結構有： “賓語+名詞”。常用于改結構的動詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. “賓語+形容

18、詞”。常見的動詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如： Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We cant leave him alone. Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?,“賓語+副詞”。 副詞作賓補常表示賓語的狀態(tài)，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關系。 常見的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out,

19、anywhere等。 如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home. When got there, we found him out. “賓語+介詞短語”。 介詞短語作賓補常表示其邏輯主語（即賓語）所處的狀態(tài)， 兩者有主表的關系。 如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.,“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不

20、定式 The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework. “賓語+現在分詞”?，F在分詞作賓補， 此時在該句型中的賓語即為現在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著

21、主謂關系。 I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary singing in the classroom. “賓語+過去分詞”。賓語和賓補之間是被動關系，過去分詞表示被動和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.,形式賓語形容詞 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday. 賓語+what 從句 Call me what you like

22、. Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today. The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.,賓語：動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。,I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you I hope to see you again. Did you wr

23、ite down what he said?,He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介詞后面的賓語：介賓 注意：人稱代詞要用賓格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she,He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 間接賓語(sb)+直接賓語(sth)： 雙賓,I think it hard to finish this difficult

24、 job before Sunday.,形式賓語,真正賓語, My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?,找出下列句子的賓語,5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 6.The old man sitting a

25、t the gate said he was ill. 7.They made him monitor of the class. 8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a short time.,定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、不定式、從句充當。 單詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或句子作定語放在被修飾才之后。,定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數詞、

26、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以充當定語。因為它是修飾名詞或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語、表語或賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。,形容詞作定語 The black bike is mine. 代詞作定語 Whats your name? 名詞作定語 They made some paper flowers. 介詞短語作定語 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One. 不定式作短語 I have lots to eat and drink. 從句作定語 The tall boy w

27、ho is standing there is Peter.,在英語中，并不是所有的定語都放在被修飾詞的前面，有的是放在被修飾詞的后面，故稱“后置定語”。 修飾不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定語必須后置。如： Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me? 介詞短語

28、作定語時要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.,動詞的不定式作定語時要后置What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring. 注 動詞不定式作主語時，to 后面的動詞必須是及物動詞或相當于及物動

29、詞的短語。如果時短語時，那么與動詞搭配的介詞或副詞是不能少的。 Do you have any piece of music to listen to? nearby, below, downstairs等個別方位詞作定語時要后置。如： We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below? The people downstairs are listening to a talk now? They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.,狀語：用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。

30、一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、條件、目的、方式、程度等等。 通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或句子充當。 （若在同一句子中出現多個不同狀語，常見的4個的順序為：方式狀語、目的狀語、地點狀語、時間狀語。）,狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。 它表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等， 一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式，從句或相當于副詞的詞或短語來充當。 狀語一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order

31、 to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.,副詞作狀語的位置： 放在句中修飾動詞，通常是be動詞之后，實義動詞之前， 助動詞和實義動詞之間，如usually,often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still 放在句末修飾動詞，如very much，a lot，quickly，fast，high，slowly 修飾形容詞或副詞時反復在它們前面，如very good，so early 有的副詞在句子中位置靈活，如alr

32、eady，only，sometime 這些應該都是要掌握的，是我們學校的英語老師總結的，在英語復習書上作為語法精講，我把一些例子刪去了，希望能夠幫到你。,(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞(4分，4分鐘) Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom. Thereisanoldmancominghere. Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear. Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.,(二).選出句中謂語

33、的中心詞(10分，10分鐘) Idontlikethepictureonthewall. A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wall Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes. A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus? A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon. A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon Didthetwinshavepor

34、ridgefortheirbreakfast? A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday. A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomework WhatIwanttotellyouisthis. A.wantB.totellC.youD.is Wehadbettersendforadoctor. A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor Heisinterestedinmusic. A.isB.interestedC.inD.music Whomdidyougivemybookto? A.giveB.

35、didC.whomD.book,三)挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework. ABCD PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish. ABCD Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. ABCD Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? ABCD Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou? ABCD Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill. ABCD Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass. ABCD Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft. ABCD Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool. ABCD TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis. ABCD,( (四)挑出下列句中的表語(5分，5分鐘) Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired. ABCD WhyisheworriedaboutJim? ABCD Theleaves