Chapter Eighteen(ppt 14頁).ppt

1、Chapter Eighteen,Operations Management,Chapter Objectives (1 of 2),Describe the role of the transformation process in operations management Explain what factors determine organizational productivity Discuss what re-engineering of work processes involves Describe how adding a “manufacturing focus” to

2、 organizational strategy affects an organization Identify the four key decisions that provide the long-term strategic direction for operations planning,Chapter Objectives (2 of 2),Describe the three decisions that make up tactical operations planning Identify the three approaches to maintenance cont

3、rol Explain the contingency factors that affect the implementation of TQM Discuss the advantages and potential problems of just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems Explain how flexible manufacturing systems could give an organization a competitive advantage Describe how speed can be a competitive advant

4、age,The Operations System,Inputs,People Technology Capital Equipment Material Information,Transformation process,Outputs,Goods Services,Figure 19-1,Demings 14 Points for Improving Managements Productivity,1. Plan for the long-term future, not for next month or next year. 2. Never be complacent conce

5、rning the quality of your product. 3. Establish statistical control over your production processes and require your suppliers to do so as well. 4. Deal with the fewest number of suppliers - the best ones, of course. 5. Find out whether your problems are confined to particular parts of the production

6、 process or stem from the overall process itself.,Table 19-1a,Demings 14 Points for Improving Managements Productivity,6. Train workers for the job that you are asking them to perform. 7. Raise the quality of your line supervisors. 8. Drive out fear. 9. Encourage departments to work closely together

7、 rather than to concentrate on departmental or divisional distinctions. 10. Do not be sucked into adopting strictly numerical goals, including the widely popular formula of “zero defect.”,Table 19-1b,Demings 14 Points for Improving Managements Productivity,11. Require your workers to do quality work

8、, not just to be at their stations from 9 to 5. 12. Train your employees to understand statistical methods. 13. Train your employees in new skills as the need arises. 14. Make top managers responsible for implementing these principles.,Table 19-1c,Characteristics of Services,Services,Intangible,Cant

9、 be stored in inventory,Involve customer or client in actual production,Service Organizations,Produce,Figure 19-2,Decisions Made in Planning Operations,What is to be produced?,How many are to be produced?,Where are they to be produced?,Which production methods are to be used?,How should equipment an

10、d workstations be arranged?,Capacity Planning,Facilities Location Planning,Process Planning,Facilities Layout Planning,Strategic Operations Plans,Whats the over- all production plan for all products? (Typically for the year),Aggregate Planning,How many units of each product will be produced? (Typica

11、lly for the month),Master Scheduling,What materials are needed to satisfy the master schedule?,Materials Requireemnts Planning,Tactical Operations Plans,Compre- hensive Operations Plans,Figure 19-3,A Process Layout at a Medical Clinic,Neurology,Obstetrics/Gynecology,Rest Rooms,Reception room,Pediatr

12、ics,Pharmacy,X-ray,Laboratory Tests,Plastic and Recon- structive Surgery,Patient enters clinic,Patient exits clinic,Patient Waiting Area,Figure 19-4,A Product Layout in an Aluminum Tubing Plant,Raw Alum. Ingot,Receiving Dept.,Casting Dept.,Press Dept.,Tube Dept.,Finishing Dept.,Inspection Dept.,Pack

13、ing Dept.,Shipping Dept.,Shipped to plant,Ingot accepted,Ingot melted,Metal pressed into large tubes,Large tubes stretched into various dimensions,Finished tubing is cleaned,Finished tubes inspected,Finished tubes packed,Finished tubes shipped to customers,Figure 19-5,Developing a Master Schedule fr

14、om an Aggregate Plan,From the Aggregate Plan (units per month),Months,Heavy-Duty Transmission,Standard Transmission,Economy Transmission,Total,July,August,September,October,November,100 75 75,125 80 45,120 70 60,130 100 70,120 100 80,250,250,250,300,300,July,August,Weeks,1176,1177,1178,1179,1180,1,2

15、,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,0,0,10,15,0,0,5,10,10,0,0,10,5,10,0,0,0,10,15,0,0,0,10,20,0,15,15,5,0,20,10,0,0,Master Schedule for Heavy-Duty Transmission (units),0,20,0,10,0,0,Total 100,Total 125,Heavy-Duty Models,Inventory Cycle with Safety Stock,300 250 200 150 100 50 0,4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52,Quantity on Hand (in units),Reorder