高考英語語法之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.ppt

1、Grammar,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,非推測(cè)性情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall, will, must, mustnt, should, would的用法,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, should/ought to, may/might , neednt+ have done 表示假設(shè)的用法,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, can/could, may/might, should/ought to表猜測(cè)的用法,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些慣用法,shall,1.shall 用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令，警告，允諾或威脅。 1)You shall go with me.(命令) 2)You shall have the book w

2、hen I finish it.(允諾) 3)He shall be punished.(威脅) 2. shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意見） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(請(qǐng)示) 3.用語條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中。 6) “The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.”

3、 declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,must, mustnt,1.must用于肯定句中表示“必須” - Must I hand in my exercises now? - Yes, you must. (No, you neednt./dont have to) 我必須現(xiàn)在交練習(xí)嗎？是的，必須。（不，你不必） 2.Must用語肯定句中表示“偏偏”。 Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite. 自然地，在

4、我交代女兒做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情 3.mustnt表示“禁止” You mustnt play in the street. 你不能在街上玩耍。,used to 和would的區(qū)別,1.在表示過去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣時(shí)， used to可用would代替。例如： He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.以前，他晚間常在森林附近散步。 He used to take a walk near the forest in the (而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里散步了) 2.used to 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，含有“過去怎樣而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了

5、”的意思；而would則單純表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常和often, everyday等連用。例如： She isnt what she used to be.她跟過去不一樣了。（表示對(duì)比，不可用would） We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.我們每天晚上坐在院子里，聽他將故事。（表示過去的重復(fù)行為） 3.表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用 used to，不可用would。例如： There used to be a park.以前這里有一個(gè)公園。,should表示“居然，竟然”。 I cant believe s

6、uch a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信這樣一個(gè)紳士居然對(duì)老人如此無禮。 will表示“意愿”。 If you will attend the club, please sign your name here. 如果你愿意參加俱樂部，請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里簽名。 may, can/could 表示“按規(guī)定許可或征求別人的允許”。 I can park my car here.(按規(guī)定停車) -Could /May I park my car here? (could表示語氣更加委婉) -No, you cant/mustnt. Yes, you

7、can/may,鞏 固 練 習(xí),1.-Wrtie to me when you get home. -I _. A. must B. should C. will D. can 2.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A.should B. can C. must D. will 3.-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You_ ha

8、ve my computer if you dont take care of it. A.shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 4.Why _ he think like that? I _ believe it. A.should; wont B. should; cant C. would; wont D. could; cant 5._ she use the computer in the office? -Yes, please. A. Will B. Would C. Can D.Shall,C,B,A,B,D,Must+do/be d

9、oing 可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行肯定的推測(cè),1.Judging from his accident, he must be from the south. 聽他的口音， 他一定是南方人。 2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples. 湯姆買了很多蘋果，他一定喜歡吃蘋果。 3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是深夜十一點(diǎn)且燈都關(guān)了，他們一定是在睡覺了。,Must +have done

10、表示對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定作了某事”。,1.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy. 昨晚 一定是下雨了， 因?yàn)榈厣虾苣酀簟?2.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term. 到上學(xué)期為止我們一定學(xué)了有兩千個(gè)單詞 。 3.He must have gone to Beijing. 他一定已經(jīng)去北京了。,NOTICE,must表推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中。 與must有關(guān)句子的反意疑問句。,1.Judging from h

11、is accident, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he?,didnt he?,arent they?,因must后是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞like,因must后是系動(dòng)詞 be,must后接的是be sleeping，是對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況推測(cè),1.We must have learned 2,000

12、words by the end of last term,hadnt we?,3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?,hasnt he?,若句中含有過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，用過去完成時(shí)完成反意疑問句,若句中含有過去的時(shí)間狀語，用一般過去時(shí)完成反意疑問句,若句中不含任何時(shí)間狀語， 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成反意疑問句,2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，,can 后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示小、對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的否定和疑問推測(cè),1. Mr Li has gone to Beijing, the

13、 man at the gate cant be him。 李老師去北京了，門口的那個(gè)人不可能是他。 2. The watch is not yours. Who elses can it be? 這塊表不是你的，它可能是誰的呢？,can/could+have done表示對(duì)過去的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。,1. Can they have won the basketball match? 他們可能贏了籃球賽嗎？ 2. It couldnt have been Mr. Green. He has gone to New York. 那不可能是格林先生的，他已經(jīng)去北京了。,

14、may/might后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)。may/might+have done表示對(duì)過去已發(fā)生行為的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許/已經(jīng)”。一般只用語肯定句和否定句中，不用與疑問句。might比may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。,1. He may/might be English. 他可能是英國人。 2. Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 太晚了，我想他可能已經(jīng)睡覺了。 3. He may/might not have finished the work. 他可能沒有完成工作。,should/ought to表示推測(cè)，意為“理應(yīng)，應(yīng)

15、該”。,They left yesterday. They should be home by now. 他們昨天就離開了，現(xiàn)在理應(yīng)到家了。,鞏 固 練 習(xí),1.-What _ it be? -It _ be a mail box, for it is moving. It _ be a car. A. can; cant; must B. can; can; must C. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt can 2. -Isnt that Anns husband over there? -No. it _ be him-Im sure he doesn

16、t wear glasses. A.cant B. must not C. wont D, may not 3.-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 4.-are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might,A,A

17、,B,D,5.-You may laugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. -Oh, you _ be out of your mind. You will be hungry all the time. A. will B. may C. must D. should 6.-I wonder why they are late? -They _ the train. cant have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might miss 7.-Show me your

18、permit, please! -Oh, its not in my pocket. It _. A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out,C,C,D,7. -Has Mike started? He said he would join in the party. -He _. He is a man of keeping his word. A. could have left B. must have left C. cant come D. wont be

19、coming 8.Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be just noise to others. must B. may C. should D. could 9. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey. A.cant be B. mustnt have been C. should be D. couldnt have been 10

20、.Chinese must have the largest number of speakers, _. A.mustnt they B. havent they C. dont they D. didnt they,B,B,D,C,could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本來能夠而沒能”，具有婉轉(zhuǎn)的批評(píng)和責(zé)備之意。,1. I could have passed my exam easily, but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本來能夠輕易通過考試，但我犯了太多不該 犯的錯(cuò)誤。 2.You could have reported

21、 to me earlier. 你本該早點(diǎn)告訴我的。,should/ought to+have done用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“本該做某事而實(shí)際上沒做”，用于否定句時(shí)，則表示“不該做的事反而做了”。,1.You should have told him a week ago. 你本來應(yīng)該在一周前告訴他的。 2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room. 他不該、把雜志帶出閱覽室的。,might（不用may）+have done表示“本來可能”，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含

22、有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。,1.You might not have told her. 你本可以不告訴他的。（事實(shí)上你告訴他了） 2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早點(diǎn)來的。（但沒有這樣）,neednt +have done表示做了本來不必去做的事。,1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday. 昨天她本不必到火車站去的.（昨天她去了） 2.You neednt have bought it. 你本可不必買它的。 （你買了）,鞏 固 練 習(xí),1.Oh, Im not feeling well in the st

23、omach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. shouldnt have eaten C. mustnt eat D. mustnt have eaten 2.-Why hasnt Jane arrived yet? -She _ again in the morning? A. shouldnt have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clock C. must have no one t o call her D. should have someone t

24、o wake her up 3.-Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday? -No. We _, but we decided not to. A.should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone,B,B,A,4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. neednt dress B. didnt have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. neednt have dressed up 5.Im rather surprised you havent reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating. must have done