計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語第3版unit5

1、2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,1,Unit 5 Electronic-Commerce Knowledge,5.1 Electronic-Commerce 5.2 Electronic Data Interchange 5.3 Advertising Methods on the Web,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,2,5.1 Electronic-Commerce,Electronic-commerce (EC) means using simple, fast and low-cost electronic communications to transa

2、ct, without face-to-face meeting between the two parties of the transaction. Internet provides companies with many markets in the cyberworld and numerous chances for product promotion.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,3,The definition of electronic commerce,The use of electronic transmission mediums (telecomm

3、unications) to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location. From a communications perspective, EC is the delivery of information, products/ services, or payments over telephone line

4、s, computer networks, or any other electronic means. From a business process perspective, EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow. From a service perspective, EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut se

5、rvice costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,4,The definition of electronic commerce,From an online perspective, EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the Internet and other online service

6、s. E-Business is all about cycle time, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage. The broader definition is that electronic commerce is the use of electronic tools in commercial activities.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英

7、語（第3版）,5,Classification of the EC field by the nature of the transactions,Business-to-business (B2B). Most of EC today is of this type. It is the electronic market transactions between organizations. Business-to-consumer (B2C). There are retailing transactions with individual shoppers. Consumer-to-c

8、onsumer (C2C). In this category, consumer sells directly to consumers. Consumer-to-business (C2B). This category includes individuals who sell products or services to organizations.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,6,Internet electronic-commerce security,Security breaches are most frequently discussed in term

9、s of the Internet and the danger that hackers will intercept messages, misuse the information or modify the content of the message. A customer can be impersonated, with or without the use of the customers equipment. The vendor can trade inappropriately or dishonestly.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,7,Intern

10、et electronic-commerce security,The security issues, across the network and at both ends, fall into a number of categories. Confidentiality Authentication Integrity Non-Repudiation,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,8,Legal issues in electronic-commerce,Electronic-commerce is so new that the legal, ethical, and

11、 other public policy issues that are necessary for electronic-commerces existence are still evolving. Businesses operating on the Web face two additional complicating factors as they try to comply with the law. First, the Web extends a companys reach beyond traditional boundaries. Customers often ha

12、ve much more interactive and complex relationships with online merchants than they do with traditional merchants. Further, the Web creates a network of customers who often have significant levels of interaction with each other.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,9,Legal issues in electronic-commerce,We have seg

13、regated the electronic-commerce related legal issues to include: Privacy Intellectual property Free speech Taxation Consumer protection,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,10,Key Words,auction 拍賣，標(biāo)售 bogus 偽造的，假的 commodity 商品，便利，利益 confidentiality 私密性，機(jī)密性 consumer 消費(fèi)者，用戶 customer 客戶，買主 dishonestly 不誠實(shí)的，不可靠的 disse

14、minate 散播，傳播，普及 ethical 道德的，倫理的 fingerprint 指紋 fraud 欺騙，舞弊,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,11,Key Words,globalization 全球化 impersonate 模仿，假冒 inappropriately 不適當(dāng)?shù)?，不相宜?integrity 完整，完全 intentionally 有意的，故意的 irrefutable 無可辯駁的，駁不倒的 loophole 漏洞，欺騙性圈套 misrepresentation 誤傳，曲解 misuse 誤用，濫用 obligation 契約，債務(wù)，合約，責(zé)任,2020

15、/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,12,Key Words,perspective 遠(yuǎn)景，觀點(diǎn)，眼界 purchaser 買主，購買人 receipt 收據(jù)，收條 repudiation 抵賴，拒絕，推翻 segregate 分開，分離，隔開 stakeholder 利益共享者，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共同承擔(dān)者 systematically 系統(tǒng)地，成體系地 taxation 征稅，稅制，稅收 unilateral 一方的，單方面的，片面的 vulnerable 脆弱的，易受傷的,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,13,Notes,1 Businesses can maintain their

16、competitive advantage by establishing close contact with their customers and consumers at anytime through Internet by providing the latest information on products and services round the clock. latest information意思是“最新信息”，round the clock意思是“二十四小時(shí)”。 譯文：通過在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上全天候地提供產(chǎn)品及服務(wù)的最新信息，商家可以與客戶和消費(fèi)者隨時(shí)建立緊密聯(lián)系來確保他們的

17、競爭優(yōu)勢。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,14,Notes,2 From a service perspective, EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery. “From a service perspective”作狀語，主句是“EC is a tool”，“th

18、at”后面的部分作定語修飾“tool”。 譯文：從服務(wù)的角度來看，電子商務(wù)是一種用來滿足廠商及消費(fèi)者的需要，設(shè)法降低服務(wù)和管理成本，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和加快服務(wù)速度的工具。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,15,Notes,3 Li Qi, a professor and expert in this field, defines EC from the perspective of productive force. 本句中的“a professor and expert in this field”是“Li Qi”的同位語。 譯文：電子商務(wù)領(lǐng)域的專家李琪教授從生產(chǎn)力的角度來定義電子

19、商務(wù)。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,16,Notes,4 The narrower definition is that electronic commerce is the whole process in which people, who master information technology and business regulations and rules, systematically use electronic tools and efficiently and low-costly engage in all kinds of activities c

20、entering on the exchange of commodities and services in a highly technically and economically advanced society. 這是一個(gè)長句，“that electronic commerce ”是表語從句，“who”引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語，修飾“people”，“systematically”作狀語。 譯文：狹義的電子商務(wù)是指在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)達(dá)的社會(huì)，那些掌握信息技術(shù)和商務(wù)規(guī)則及法規(guī)的人們利用電子工具，系統(tǒng)地、有效率地、低成本地參與到各種以交換商品和服務(wù)為中心的整個(gè)過程。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算

21、機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,17,Notes,5 Thus the message must be made un-interpretable to everyone except the designated receivers, so as to give an electronic message the property of confidentiality. 本句的“so as to”是目的狀語從句。 譯文：因此除了指定的接收者之外，傳輸?shù)男畔⒈仨毷菬o法解讀的，這樣才能賦予電子信息的私密性。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,18,Translation Exercises,電

22、子商務(wù) electronic-commerce 信用卡 credit card 傳統(tǒng)市場 traditional market 電子媒介 electronic media 公共政策 public policy 不可抵賴 non-repudiation 在線服務(wù) online service 隱私聲明 privacy statements,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,19,Translation Exercises,intellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) commercial electronic application 商務(wù)電子應(yīng)用 legal loophole

23、s 法律漏洞 buying and selling products 買賣產(chǎn)品 international business 國際商務(wù) competitive advantage 競爭優(yōu)勢 traditional merchant 傳統(tǒng)商家 consumer protection 消費(fèi)者保護(hù),2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,20,Reading Material: Role of Trust in Electronic-Commerce Success,Trust brings in repeat business, an essential ingredient for suc

24、cess. Trust is not easy to measure. It is developed over time. People trust a business based on their own past experience as well as by third party recommendations.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,21,Reading Material: Role of Trust in Electronic-Commerce Success,In the world of online commerce the factors th

25、at significantly contribute for enhancing transaction trust are: Easy access to description of products and services; Ease of placing orders; Order confirmation; Order tracking; Post-sales service.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,22,Reading Material: Role of Trust in Electronic-Commerce Success,Post-sales se

26、rvice is a key component in earning customer loyalty and trust. Many online businesses are unknown to customers. Yet, they have an interest in doing business with the online company because the product or service has a beneficial aspect to the customer. The intermediary role involves conflict resolu

27、tion and customer satisfaction.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,23,5.2 Electronic Data Interchange,Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is used by organizations for transactions that occur on a regular basis to a pre-determined format. In execution of a simple trade exchange, the customers order can be sent by

28、EDI and the delivery notification from the supplier can also be electronic.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,24,The Definition of EDI,More formally EDI is described as the interchange of structured data according to agreed message standards between computer-computer systems, by electronic means. In practice,

29、EDI is more easily done through an intermediary called a value-added network or “VAN”. EDI messages, known as “transaction sets”, are arranged in formats determined by members of the EDI community typically businesses.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,25,The hardware requirements of EDI,EDI works from nearly

30、any computer (PC and mainframe), regardless of what your trading partner uses, because EDI is hardware independent. If you plan to transmit all your transactions overnight to take advantage of lower rates, modem speed is less of an issue.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,26,The software requirements of EDI,Tr

31、anslation software is one of the two major types of software involved in EDI. At the transmitting end, the translator takes raw data and arranges it into the X12 standard format. Mapping software is the other major branch of EDI software. It exchanges information between a companys EDI transactions

32、and its other applications, such as accounting, inventory, and ordering.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,27,The Benefits of EDI,1. Shortened Ordering Time EDI orders are sent straight into the network and the only delay is how often the supplier retrieves messages from the system. 2. Cost Cutting The use of

33、EDI can cut costs. These include the costs of stationery and postage but these will probably be fully matched by the costs of running the EDI service. 3. Elimination of Errors Keying any information into a computer system is a source of errors and keying paper orders into the order processing system

34、 is no exception. EDI eliminates this source of errors.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,28,The Benefits of EDI,4. Fast Response With EDI the customer can be informed straightaway giving time for an alternative product to be ordered or an alternative supplier to be used. 5. Accurate Invoicing Just like orders

35、, invoices can be sent electronically. 6. EDI Payment Payment can also be made by EDI. The EDI payment system can also generate an EDI payment advice that can be electronically matched against the relevant invoices, again avoiding query and delay.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,29,Key Words,accounting 會(huì)計(jì)，帳，

36、記帳，清算帳目 competition 競爭，比賽 envelope 信封，包封 extract 抽出，提取 impede 妨礙，阻礙，阻止 insurance 安全保障，保險(xiǎn) interchange 交換，互換 intervention 介入，調(diào)節(jié)，干涉 inventory 報(bào)表，目錄，盤存 outstrip 超過，越過，優(yōu)于,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,30,Key Words,postage 郵費(fèi)，郵資 potential 可能的，潛在的 recipient 接受者，接受的，容納的 relevant 有關(guān)的，適當(dāng)?shù)?reverse 使顛倒，相反，交換 settlemen

37、t 解決，整理，結(jié)算，清理 stationery 信紙 straightaway 直接 unambiguous 不含糊的，明確的 upfront 最前面的，首要的,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,31,Notes,1 For settlement the supplier can use EDI to send the invoice and the customer can finish the cycle with an electronic funds transfer via the bank and an EDI payment notification to the

38、supplier. “for settlement”是狀語，之后是由“and”連接的兩個(gè)并列句。 譯文：至于結(jié)算，供應(yīng)商可以使用EDI來傳發(fā)票，客戶可以在銀行通過對供應(yīng)商的付款通知和使用電子轉(zhuǎn)帳完成最后的環(huán)節(jié)。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,32,Notes,2 More formally EDI is described as the interchange of structured data according to agreed message standards between computer-computer systems, by electronic mean

39、s. “more formally”是狀語，“interchange”后面的部分是定語，“by electronic means”作狀語。 譯文：更正式的對EDI的描述是：依照計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)間的協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、用電子手段進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)的交換。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,33,Notes,3 Because you will most likely transmit your EDI transactions by modem over telephone lines, it is in your best interests to purchase the fastest modem

40、you can, measured by the “baud rate” the number of characters per second the modem can transmit. “because”引起原因狀語從句，“it”是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)“to purchase”，“measured by ”是主語補(bǔ)足語。 譯文：你極可能會(huì)通過電話線用調(diào)制解調(diào)器進(jìn)行EDI業(yè)務(wù)傳送，購買盡可能高速的調(diào)制解調(diào)器，以符合你的最大利益，它是用速率來衡量的，即每秒調(diào)制解調(diào)器傳送的字符數(shù)。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,34,Notes,4 You should cons

41、ider this, even if your modems speed outstrips that of your VAN, or even that of the Phone Company in some areas. 本句中由“even if”是讓步狀語從句。 譯文：你應(yīng)該考慮到這點(diǎn)，即使它的速率超過VAN或某地區(qū)電話公司的速率。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,35,Notes,5 The EDI payment system can also generate an EDI payment advice that can be electronically matc

42、hed against the relevant invoices, again avoiding query and delay. 本句由“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾賓語“an EDI payment advice”。 譯文：EDI支付系統(tǒng)也生成EDI付款意見，可以以電子的方式與有關(guān)發(fā)票相匹配，亦可避免疑問和延遲。,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,36,Translation Exercises,電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 Electronic Data Interchange 訂單處理系統(tǒng) order processing system 增值網(wǎng) value-added network 交

43、易伙伴 trading partner 硬件無關(guān)的 hardware independent 結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù) structured data 映射軟件 mapping software 波特率 baud rate,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,37,Translation Exercises,health care industry 健康保險(xiǎn)業(yè) Phone Company 電話公司 stock holding 庫存 human resources 人力資源 trade cycle 交易周期 paper order 紙質(zhì)訂單 translation software 翻譯軟件 pos

44、tal service 郵政服務(wù),2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,38,Reading Material: Digital Wallet,Some of the methods would link existing electronic banking and payment systems, including credit and debit card networks, with new retail interfaces via the Internet. A number of organizations are already working on importan

45、t aspects of electronic banking and payments. A digital wallet is software that enables users to pay for goods on the Web.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,39,Reading Material: Digital Wallet,When using a digital wallet, consumers dont need to fill out order forms on each site when they purchase an item becau

46、se the information has already been stored and is automatically updated and entered into the order fields across merchant sites. Digital wallets are available to consumers free of charge, and they are fairly easy to obtain.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,40,Reading Material: Digital Wallet,Digital wallets c

47、ome in two main types: client-side and server-side. Client-based digital wallets, the older of the two types, are falling by the wayside, according to analysts, because they require users to download and install software. With a server-based wallet, a user fills out his personal information, and a c

48、ookie is automatically downloaded.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,41,5.3 Advertising Methods on the Web,The Internet has enabled consumers to interact directly with advertisers and advertisements. The Internet has provided the sponsors with two-way communication and e-mail capabilities. The Internet enables

49、 a truly one-to-one advertisement.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,42,Why Internet advertisement is growing?,Ads can be updated any time with a minimal cost. Therefore, they are always timely. Ads can reach very large numbers of potential buyers globally. Online ads are sometimes cheaper in comparison to tel

50、evision, newspaper, or radio. Web ads can efficiently use the convergence of text, audio, graphics, and animation. The use of the Internet itself is growing very rapidly. Web ads can be interactive and targeted to specific Internet groups and individuals.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,43,Banners,Banner adv

51、ertising is the most commonly used form of advertising on the Internet. With the progress of Internet programming we are starting to find banners with video clips and sound. A major advantage of using banners is the ability to customize them to the target audience. There are several different forms

52、of placing banner advertising on the Internet on others Web sites. The most common forms are: Banner Swapping，Banner Exchanges, and Paid Advertising.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,44,Splash Screen,A splash screen is an initial Web site page used to capture the users attention for a short time as a promotio

53、n or lead-in to the site home page or to tell the user what kind of browser and other software they need to view the site. The major advantage of a splash page over any other advertising method is that one can create innovative multimedia effects or provide sufficient information for a delivery in o

54、ne visit.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,45,Spot Leasing,Search engines often provide space (spot) in their home page for any individual business to lease. The duration of the lease depends upon the contract agreement between the Web site host and the lessee.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,46,URL (Universal Resourc

55、e Locators),The major advantage of using URL as an advertising tool is that it is free. Anyone can submit its URL to a search engine and be listed. Also, by using URL the targeted audience can be locked and unwanted viewers can be filtered because of the keyword function.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,47,E

56、-mail,Another way to advertise on the Internet is to purchase e-mail addresses and send the company information to those on the list. The advantages of this approach are its low cost and the ability to reach a wide variety of targeted audiences.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,48,Chat Rooms,Electronic chat r

57、efers to an arrangement where participants exchange messages in real time. Chat capabilities can be added to a business site for free by letting software chat vendors host your session on their site.,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,49,Key Words,advertisement 廣告 audience 聽眾，觀眾，讀者 banner 旗幟，橫幅標(biāo)語 campaign 戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng)

58、 convergence 聚合，匯合 customize 定制，定做 delivery 運(yùn)送，傳送，交付 drawback 妨礙，障礙，弊端 effectively 有效的，生效的 impatient 急躁的，急切的，渴望,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,50,Key Words,impressive 印象深刻的，令人難忘的 innovative 革新的，創(chuàng)新的 lease 出租，租借 lessee 承租人，租戶 migration 遷移，移動(dòng) predetermine 預(yù)定，先定，注定 redefine 再定義，重新定義 sponsor 主辦人，發(fā)起者，保證人 surf 沖浪，瀏覽，漫游,2020/9/14,計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語（第3版）,51,Notes,1 The Internet has provided the sponsors with two-way communication and e-mail capabilities, as well as allowing the sponsors to target specific groups on w