2025年廣東省廣州市高考英語最后沖刺試卷（一）VIP

第1頁（共1頁）2025年廣東省廣州市高考英語最后沖刺試卷（一）第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。1．（7.5分）MUSEUMOFCLASSICALARCHAEOLOGYEVENTSVOLUNTEERVolunteersinthisrolewillbeaddedtotheEventsVolunteerRegister.Whenavolunteeringopportunityarises，anemailwillbesenttotheRegister.Tasksmayincludepreparingfor，advertisingorhelpingoutatevents.Replytotheemailifinterested.TheMuseumrunsregulareventsforadultsandchildren，engagingthousandsannually.Helpissoughtforvarioustaskstoensureeventsrunsmoothly.VOLUNTEERTASKS?Helpingatadultorchildren'sevents：servingdrinks，storytellingandfacilitatinghands﹣onactivities；settingupforandtidyingupafterevents?Photography：takinganduploadingphotosofevents?Advertising：helpingdistributepromotionalpostersWHATYOUWILLGAIN?ExperienceinmuseumeducationtoenhanceyourCV（簡歷）?Chancetodevelopnewskills?Joinanenthusiasticteamandworkcooperatively?Opportunitytoaskforareference，butonlyafter40hours'voluntaryworkSKILLSREQUIRED?Reliability?Friendlyandpolitetowardsvisitors?WillingnesstohelpoutwithdifferenttasksEventsmainlyoccuronweekdays，notmanyonweekends.Applicantsmustbe18+.EventsVolunteerswillbeinvitedtohaveaninformalphonechatandtoattendatrainingsessionbeforetheyareformallyacceptedasvolunteers.（1）Howcanvolunteersapplyfortherole？A.Bysendingaregistrationletter.B.Bycallingthemuseum.C.Byhelpingoutateventsinadvance.D.Byreplyingtotheemail.（2）Whatcaneachvolunteergainfromthisrole？A.ImprovementofCVwriting.B.Experienceofteamwork.C.Areferenceletter.D.Friendshipwithvisitors.（3）Whichisanapplicationrequirement？A.Havingpreviousworkexperience.B.Availabilityonweekends.C.Beingatleast18yearsold.D.Passingaformalinterview.2．（10分）WhenLeonardodaVinciwasn'tpaintingmasterpiecesordreamingupflyingmachines，hewasexploringthesecretsofgravity.Consideringhimselfascientistandartist，thisRenaissancethinkerspentuntoldhoursstudyinghowthe"attractionofoneobjecttoanother"affectedphenomenaliketheflightofbirdsandthefallofwater.RecentresearchpublishedinthejournalLeonardorevealsthatdaVinciconducteddetailedgravityexperimentsoveracenturybeforeGalileoandtwocenturiespriortoNewton."Histhinkingwasfaraheadofhistime，"saidco﹣authorDr.MortezaGharib.ThestudyhighlightsLeonardo'sdeterminationtofindthelawgoverningthedynamicsoffallingobjects.Dr.GharibsaidhediscoveredtheexperimentswhileexamininganonlineversionofTheCodexArundel，acollectionofLeonardo'snotesfrom1478to1518.Amongitsmirror﹣writtentexts，adrawingonPage143caughthiseye：atriangle（三角）formedbycirclespouringfromapot.Heusedacomputerprogramtoflip（翻轉(zhuǎn)）thetriangleandthenearbybackwardwriting.Suddenly，theimagecametolife."Icouldseemotion，"Dr.Gharibrecalled."Icouldseehimpouringstuffout."ItwasaeurekamomentthatrevealedLeonardo'sforward﹣lookingexperiment.GazingatLeonardo'sdrawing，Dr.Gharibrealizedthattheartisthadseparatedgravity'seffectsintotwocomponents，revealinganormallyhiddenaspectofnature.Inspiredbyhailfallingfromfast﹣movingclouds，Leonardodemonstratedthroughhisdrawinghowgravity'sconstantforcecausesasteadyspeedgain—shownbytheincreasinggapsbetweenfallingobjectsasthepotmoves.Despitehisbasicexperimentalsetup500yearsago，daVincicalculatedthegravitationalconstanttoanaccuracywithin10percentofthemodernvalue."It'smind﹣boggling，"Dr.Gharibsaid."That'sthebeautyofwhatLeonardodoes."However，Dr.GharibhesitatedtoexaminetheCodexfurther."I'mlikeakidinatoystore，afraidtoevenlookatit，"hesaid.Henotedthatwhilearthistorianshadstudiedit，scientistshadnot."It'sanopenbookwithsomuchtodiscover."（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？A.ToreportdaVinci'sunknownresearch.B.TocomparedaVinciwithotherscientists.C.ToprovedaVinci'sartistandscientistrole.D.ToshowawayofanalyzingdaVinci'snotes.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"aeurekamoment"inparagraph3referto？A.FindingdaVinci'ssecretdrawings.B.Detectingtheneedofmirror﹣writing.C.Discoveringthepoweroftechnology.D.Realizingthetriangle'sscientificmeaning.（3）WhatisspecialaboutdaVinci'sexperiments？A.Theywerethefirsttoexplorethelawofgravity.B.Theyachievedhigh﹣levelaccuracywithsimpletools.C.Theyfocusedonthebeautyoffallingobjects'motion.D.Theyintegratedartisticstrategywithscientificmethod.（4）WhatcanweknowaboutTheCodexfromDr.Gharib'swords？A.Itcontainsunexploredscientificinsights.B.Historiansmisunderstooditsrealpurpose.C.Itsartworkhasn'tbeenproperlyanalyzed.D.Newtoolsarerequiredtorevealitssecrets.3．（10分）Thehumanmindisastonishing.Wecansolvecomplexproblems，performcalculations，createart，andprocesslanguageeffortlessly.Wehumansarethesmartestofall，orsowethink…However，recentstudiesrevealhoweasilycontextcanmisleadus.ConsidertheMüller﹣Lyerillusion（錯覺）：equal﹣lengthlineslookdifferentifonehasoutward﹣pointingarrowsandtheotherhasinward﹣pointingarrows.Similarly，threeidentical﹣sizedrunnerspositionedalongavisualpathseemtovaryinsize.Beforeyouconcludethatbeingfooledisreservedonlyforvisualillusions，letmegivetheexampleofBelinda：anoutspokenphilosophystudent，deeplyconcernedwithsustainability，biodiversity，andglobalwarming.IsBelindamorelikely：a）atopstudent，orb）atopstudentandvegetarian？Manypeoplechoosethesecond，becausethecontextofbeingvegetarianseemstofittheimageofsomeonedeeplyconcernedwithsustainability.Butstatistically，thefirstismorelikely.Therearealwaysmoretopstudentsthanvegetariantopstudents.Yetforallitspotentialtotrick，contextmoreoftenservesasourmentalshortcuttoefficientunderstanding.Ratherthanmemorizingeverypossiblemeaningofwordsandsentencepatterns，weconstantlyusesurroundinginformationtofillgaps.AslinguistJ.R.Firthobserved，"Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps."Forexample，inthesentence"Mydaughterwasferliamatedwhenshegotapetdog，"wecanguessthat"ferliamated"means"excited"，eveniftheworddoesn'texist.Thistwo﹣sidednatureofcontextleadsustoanimportantdiscoveryabouthowourmindswork.Whilewecandiscussanythingatanytimeinanycontext，itseemsmorelikelythatwetalkaboutthethingswhosemeaningliesinthesamecontext.Thisoffersexcitingpossibilitiesforunderstandingboththehumanmindandlanguageitself—showinghowcommunicationdependsnotjustonourthinking，butequallyonhowlanguageisbuilttoworkwithcontext.（1）Whichimagematchesthedescriptionofthe"runners"illusion？A.B.C.D.（2）Whydopeopleoftenchooseoption（b）intheBelindaexample？A.Topstudentsoftenmakegreenerchoices.B.Richdetailsoverridetheirlogicalthinking.C.Personalexperiencesaffectdecision﹣making.D.Firstimpressionsleadtotheirfalsejudgment.（3）HowdoFirth'squoteandthe"ferliamated"examplesupporttheauthor'spoint？A.Theyshowhowcontexthelpswordunderstanding.B.Theyprovethatwordscanhaverandommeanings.C.Theyexplainwhymemorizingwordsisn'tashortcut.D.Theydemonstratewhatdictionariescan'treallyclarify.（4）Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？A.Thelinkbetweencontextandmind.B.Thecomplexnatureofcontext.C.Talktopicswithinthesamecontext.D.Theresearchvalueofcontext.4．（10分）Asapsychologywriter，I'vecomeacrosshundredsofevidence﹣basedtipsforbetterthinking.Fewhaveprovenasusefulastheancientstrategyofilleism—thepracticeoftalkingaboutoneselfinthethirdperson.Tothemodernear，illeismcansoundalittlesillyandwemayevenderidefamouspeoplewhochoosetotalkthatway.Yetrecentresearchsuggeststhatilleismcanbringrealbenefits.Tounderstandwhy，wemustexaminehowscientistsmeasurewisereasoning.IgorGrossmann，aleadingresearcherinwisdom，identifiedqualitieslikehumbleness，opennesstoothers'viewsandadaptability.Inanearlystudy，participantsvoicedresponsestodifficulties，whilepsychologistsratedtheiranswers.GrossmannfoundthesetestsbetterpredictedlifesatisfactionandsocialrelationshipqualitythanIQtests，suggestingthestudiescaptureduniquereasoningskills.Grossmann'slaterstudiesdiscoveredthatpeople'swisereasoningcandependonthecontext—theirscorestendedtobemuchhigherwhenconsideringothers'situationsthantheirown.Grossmanncalledthis"Solomon'sParadox"afterthekingfamousforgivingotherswiseadvicebutmakingpoorpersonaldecisions.Theproblemseemstobethatwhenmakingpersonalchoices，emotionscloudourjudgment.Ifafriendgivesmenegativefeedback，forexample，embarrassmentmightmakemetoodefensive.Imightthereforeignoretheiropinionswithoutconsideringwhethertheycouldbehelpfulinthelong﹣term.CouldilleismsolveSolomon'sParadox？Theideamakessense：switchingtothethirdpersonallowsustoseethebiggerpicture，ratherthangettingcaughtupinourownfeelings.Grossmann'slateststudiessupportthisidea：participantswhokeptathird﹣persondiaryforamonthshowedgreaterwisereasoninggainsthanfirst﹣personwriters.Illeismusersalsoreportedcalmerresponsestostressfulevents，suggestingamorebalancedresponsetodailychallenges.Basedonthesefindings，Inowapplyilleismtoalldecisions，smallandbig.Ifindthatafewmomentstoviewmyproblemsfromathird﹣personperspectivehelpsmetoseetheissuemoreclearly.（1）WhatisthefocusofGrossmann'sfirststudy？A.Howwisereasoningwasassessed.B.Howpsychologistsratedsocialskills.C.HowIQtestspredictedlifesatisfaction.D.Howparticipantssolvedtoughproblems.（2）Whatis"Solomon'sParadox"？A.Aneffectivewaytoimprovepeople'sreasoning.B.Atheoryonhowemotionsaffectdecision﹣making.C.Thephenomenonthatoneiswiserwhenhelpingothers.D.Thetendencyofbeingoverconfidentwhenadvisingothers.（3）WhichgroupshowedbetteremotionalresponsesinGrossmann'slaterstudy？A.Thosewritingtothemselves.B.Thoseusingthird﹣persondiaries.C.Thosehavingwisereasoningtraining.D.Thoseexperiencingstressfulevents.（4）Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？A.Thepositivepsychologyofself﹣distancing.B.Socialbenefitsofilleismindecision﹣making.C.Illeism：Anancienttricktohelpwisereasoning.D.Evidence﹣basedsolutiontoSolomon'sParadox.第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。5．（12.5分）IwaslookingoutofmywindowwhenIsawthem—dozensofcaterpillars（毛毛蟲）crawlingalloveralovelygreenplantinmygarden.（1）Injustafewdays，onlythin，weakstemsremained.Finally，theyturnedintobutterfliesandflewoff.Ifeltlikeafarmerwhosefieldhadbeendestroyedbypests.（2）Insectpopulationsaredeclininggloballyatarateof1%to2%eachyear.Thisisahugeproblem，andanyhelpisvaluable.Manypeoplearenow"plantingforhelpers."Arecentsurveyfoundthatasignificantnumberofpeoplearebuyingplantstosupportwildlife.Thisprovidesbees，butterfliesandotherflyinginsectswithfoodfromnativewildflowers.Butwhataboutplantingforplant﹣eaters？Shouldweplantthingshopingtheywillgeteaten？Iaskedsomeexperts.Mathew，anecologist，saysthatinsectsthateatplantsshouldn'tbecalledpests—they'rejustplant﹣eaters."Mygardenisprimarilyforinsects，"hesays.Oneplantthatgardenersshouldconsidergrowingforinsectsismilkweed.（3）Insectsfacemanythreats，likechemicalsusedtokillthemonfarms.（4）"We'retalkingaboutsmallanimals，sosmallareasdohelp，"saysconservationbiologistSarahShepherd.Studiesshowthatsimpledecisionsbygardenerscanaffectinsectnumbers.Thecaterpillarsreturnedthisspringjustlikelastyear.Butnow，Iwatchthemwithhope.Howstrange!（5）Thismakesmewonder：Whatother"pests"havewegottenwrong？Andhowmuchrichermightourworldbeifwelearnedtowelcomethem？A.Sadly，mylovelyplantnevergotbetterafterthat.B.It'sthefavoritefoodofMonarchbutterflybabies.C.Manybelievesmallgardensrequirefewerchemicaltreatments.D.However，Isoonlearnedthatthismightnotbeasbadasitseemed.E.ThesecreaturesIoncethoughtwereenemiesmightactuallybeguests.F.Itmightseemlikesmallgardenscan'tmakeadifference，buttheycan.G.Iwatched，withsomehorror，astheseinsectschewedtheleavestobits.第三部分語言運(yùn)用第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。6．（15分）WhenIwasaboy，Iwasgoodatmath.Ilearnedto（1）whileplayingcards.Irepeatedly（2）themultiplicationtables（乘法表）untilIhadthemmemorized.Buthighschoolmathswasadifferentstory.（3），numbersbecameletters.Everythingwasso（4）.AsIcouldn'tseeitsuseinlife，thesubjectseemed（5）tome.Thiswasproven（6），though，yearslater.Iwasworkingataminimum﹣wagejob，（7）tosupportmyfamily.Oneday，Ifoundmyselfwithjust10dollarsinmywalletbutthepetroltankonmyoldcarwasempty.I（8）ataconveniencestoreandbought5dollars'（9）ofgas.AsIwaitedinlinetopay，Isawawoman（10）searchingherpurseformoneytobuymilkforherchildren.Forasecond，（11）heldmeback：MymathtoldmeIhadnothingleft.Thenextmoment，however，myemotionsurgedmetoofferhermylast5dollars!Ifelt（12）.Itdidn'tmake（13）sensetome，butIwassurethissmallsumofmoneymadeabigdifference.AsIreflectedlater，Ibegantorealizehowmath，initsownway，hadguidedmy（14）.Mathismuchlikelove：themorewegive，whetherit'sourtimeormoney，themorewereceive.Finally，Iwasabletoappreciatethe（15）ofmath.（1）A.summarizeB.interpretC.compareD.calculate（2）A.searchedB.assessedC.consultedD.practised（3）A.SuddenlyB.FinallyC.NaturallyD.Interestingly（4）A.familiarB.meaningfulC.abstractD.practical（5）A.unfamiliarB.irrelevantC.importantD.accessible（6）A.attractiveB.effectiveC.uselessD.wrong（7）A.afraidB.readyC.strugglingD.supposed（8）A.pulledupB.settleddownC.droppedinD.hungout（9）A.costB.worthC.priceD.interest（10）A.busilyB.desperatelyC.carefullyD.randomly（11）A.sympathyB.curiosityC.selfishnessD.responsibility（12）A.uncomfortableB.guiltyC.regretfulD.strange（13）A.mathematicalB.physicalC.moralD.mental（14）A.decisionB.growthC.pastD.understanding（15）A.realityB.impactC.beautyD.challenge第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。7．（15分）The1.8﹣meter﹣tallTiangongUltramadehistorybywinningthe（1）（world）firstrobothalf﹣marathoninBeijing.Amongthetwentyrobots，onlysixfinishedthetough21kmrace，yettheireffortsrevealedtechadvancesunmatchedbylabtests."Thisismorethanjustarace，"saidXiongYoujun，（2）TiangongUltracompletedthecoursein2hours40minutes."It'saboutpreparingrobotsforreal﹣worldchallenges，likeroughgroundandmechanicalstress."Theeventwas（3）uniquetestingground：Shanghai'sXingzhe﹣2impressedwithits6﹣hourbatterylife，whileanotherrobotmaintainedbalanceevenwhenpushedoffcourse.China'sroboticsindustry，already（4）（produce）overhalfoftheworld'shumanoids，israpidlyadvancingtowardits2027mass﹣productiongoals.（5）（afford）modelsaremakingthetechnologymoreaccessible.However，theultimategoalismorethanjustcreatingathleticmachinesthatcanrun；itistocreateintelligentmachinesthatthinklikehumans."Therealvictory，"saysXiong，"willbe（6）robotsshiftfromshowytrickstoeverydayhelp."Thischangeisunderway.In（7）（factory），robotshandledangerousmaterials；instores，theymanagesortingtasks.Eachtechadvance（8）（bring）usclosertoafuturewherehumansandrobotsworktogetherinhomes，hospitals，andneighborhoods.TiangongUltra'swinmeansmorethanjustfirstplace—itshowsChina'smethodical，（9）（determine）approachtotechnologicaladvancement.Likemarathontraining，buildingcapablerobotsmeanskeepinggoing（10）difficulties.Witheachnewidea，thefinishlineofpractical，everydayroboticassistancecomesclearerintoview.第四部分寫作第一節(jié)8．（15分）你是學(xué)校英語俱樂部負(fù)責(zé)人李華。英國姐妹校學(xué)生將來訪，俱樂部計劃組織一次聯(lián)誼活動。請給對方學(xué)生代表Mike寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：（1）介紹計劃；（2）征詢建議。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；（2）請按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMike，Ihopethisemailfindsyouwell.________Bestregards，LiHua第二節(jié)9．（25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。My12﹣year﹣olddaughterissmart，evensharperthanIwasatherage，butshejustwouldn'tpickupachapterbookforfun.Schoolbooksweretoughforher，andwhenitcametofreetime，shestucktopicturebooksandlistenedto"HarryPotter"audiobooks.Noneofthesereallygotherintodeepreading，whereyoustareatwordsonpaperandletyourimaginationfly.Forawhile，Ihadtofacethetruth：Ihadn'tpassedonthejoyofreadingtoher.Itriedtellingherhowreadingmakeslifericher，butsheshrugged（聳肩）andsaid，"Lotsofmyfriendsdon'tlikereadingeither.It'snobigdeal."Thingswentworsewhenshegotasmartphonelastyear.Suddenly，mylivelychildbecamelazy，alwaysonherphone.Isuggestedotherfunactivities，butshejustfoundthem"boring."Istillheldouthopeforreading，seeingitasadevelopmentalescape.Buttheproblemwasthatshechosethecolorful，noisyworldofherphone.Then，rightbeforeweleftforan8﹣dayholidayonabeautifulGreekisland，wetalkedaboutreadingagain."Novelsarethebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplefeel，"Itoldher."Icanlearnmorefromsocialmedia，"shereplied.Imentionedstorytellingandhistory，andshesaid，"Icanwatchmoviesandusetheinternet."Ievenpromisedtobuyheranybookssheliked，butshesmiledandsaid，"Mama，welcometoyourdream."IrealizedIcouldn'twin.ShehadgoodreasonsandIcouldn'tsayshewaswrong.Sure，readingopensupnewworlds，butsodoesthewholeinternet.Still，deepdown，Iwishedshe'dexperiencethepuremagicofreading—thosespecialmomentswhenanauthorsaysexactlywhatyou'vealwaysfeltbutneverknewhowtoexpress.注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。So，insteadoftalkingmore，Idecidedtoofferareward.________Bytheendoftheholiday，mydaughterfinishedherbookandaskedforanother________

2025年廣東省廣州市高考英語最后沖刺試卷（一）參考答案與試題解析第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。1．（7.5分）MUSEUMOFCLASSICALARCHAEOLOGYEVENTSVOLUNTEERVolunteersinthisrolewillbeaddedtotheEventsVolunteerRegister.Whenavolunteeringopportunityarises，anemailwillbesenttotheRegister.Tasksmayincludepreparingfor，advertisingorhelpingoutatevents.Replytotheemailifinterested.TheMuseumrunsregulareventsforadultsandchildren，engagingthousandsannually.Helpissoughtforvarioustaskstoensureeventsrunsmoothly.VOLUNTEERTASKS?Helpingatadultorchildren'sevents：servingdrinks，storytellingandfacilitatinghands﹣onactivities；settingupforandtidyingupafterevents?Photography：takinganduploadingphotosofevents?Advertising：helpingdistributepromotionalpostersWHATYOUWILLGAIN?ExperienceinmuseumeducationtoenhanceyourCV（簡歷）?Chancetodevelopnewskills?Joinanenthusiasticteamandworkcooperatively?Opportunitytoaskforareference，butonlyafter40hours'voluntaryworkSKILLSREQUIRED?Reliability?Friendlyandpolitetowardsvisitors?WillingnesstohelpoutwithdifferenttasksEventsmainlyoccuronweekdays，notmanyonweekends.Applicantsmustbe18+.EventsVolunteerswillbeinvitedtohaveaninformalphonechatandtoattendatrainingsessionbeforetheyareformallyacceptedasvolunteers.（1）Howcanvolunteersapplyfortherole？DA.Bysendingaregistrationletter.B.Bycallingthemuseum.C.Byhelpingoutateventsinadvance.D.Byreplyingtotheemail.（2）Whatcaneachvolunteergainfromthisrole？BA.ImprovementofCVwriting.B.Experienceofteamwork.C.Areferenceletter.D.Friendshipwithvisitors.（3）Whichisanapplicationrequirement？CA.Havingpreviousworkexperience.B.Availabilityonweekends.C.Beingatleast18yearsold.D.Passingaformalinterview.【解答】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中VolunteersinthisrolewillbeaddedtotheEventsVolunteerRegister.Whenavolunteeringopportunityarises，anemailwillbesenttotheRegister.Replytotheemailifinterested.（該職位的志愿者將被加入活動志愿者名單。當(dāng)有志愿者機(jī)會時，會向名單中的人員發(fā)送電子郵件。如果感興趣，請回復(fù)郵件。）可知，志愿者通過回復(fù)郵件申請該職位。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WHATYOUWILLGAIN部分中Joinanenthusiasticteamandworkcooperatively（加入一個熱情的團(tuán)隊并進(jìn)行合作），可知，每位志愿者能從該職位中獲得團(tuán)隊合作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Applicantsmustbe18+.（申請人必須年滿18歲。）可知，申請要求之一是年齡至少18歲。故選C。2．（10分）WhenLeonardodaVinciwasn'tpaintingmasterpiecesordreamingupflyingmachines，hewasexploringthesecretsofgravity.Consideringhimselfascientistandartist，thisRenaissancethinkerspentuntoldhoursstudyinghowthe"attractionofoneobjecttoanother"affectedphenomenaliketheflightofbirdsandthefallofwater.RecentresearchpublishedinthejournalLeonardorevealsthatdaVinciconducteddetailedgravityexperimentsoveracenturybeforeGalileoandtwocenturiespriortoNewton."Histhinkingwasfaraheadofhistime，"saidco﹣authorDr.MortezaGharib.ThestudyhighlightsLeonardo'sdeterminationtofindthelawgoverningthedynamicsoffallingobjects.Dr.GharibsaidhediscoveredtheexperimentswhileexamininganonlineversionofTheCodexArundel，acollectionofLeonardo'snotesfrom1478to1518.Amongitsmirror﹣writtentexts，adrawingonPage143caughthiseye：atriangle（三角）formedbycirclespouringfromapot.Heusedacomputerprogramtoflip（翻轉(zhuǎn)）thetriangleandthenearbybackwardwriting.Suddenly，theimagecametolife."Icouldseemotion，"Dr.Gharibrecalled."Icouldseehimpouringstuffout."ItwasaeurekamomentthatrevealedLeonardo'sforward﹣lookingexperiment.GazingatLeonardo'sdrawing，Dr.Gharibrealizedthattheartisthadseparatedgravity'seffectsintotwocomponents，revealinganormallyhiddenaspectofnature.Inspiredbyhailfallingfromfast﹣movingclouds，Leonardodemonstratedthroughhisdrawinghowgravity'sconstantforcecausesasteadyspeedgain—shownbytheincreasinggapsbetweenfallingobjectsasthepotmoves.Despitehisbasicexperimentalsetup500yearsago，daVincicalculatedthegravitationalconstanttoanaccuracywithin10percentofthemodernvalue."It'smind﹣boggling，"Dr.Gharibsaid."That'sthebeautyofwhatLeonardodoes."However，Dr.GharibhesitatedtoexaminetheCodexfurther."I'mlikeakidinatoystore，afraidtoevenlookatit，"hesaid.Henotedthatwhilearthistorianshadstudiedit，scientistshadnot."It'sanopenbookwithsomuchtodiscover."（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？AA.ToreportdaVinci'sunknownresearch.B.TocomparedaVinciwithotherscientists.C.ToprovedaVinci'sartistandscientistrole.D.ToshowawayofanalyzingdaVinci'snotes.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"aeurekamoment"inparagraph3referto？DA.FindingdaVinci'ssecretdrawings.B.Detectingtheneedofmirror﹣writing.C.Discoveringthepoweroftechnology.D.Realizingthetriangle'sscientificmeaning.（3）WhatisspecialaboutdaVinci'sexperiments？BA.Theywerethefirsttoexplorethelawofgravity.B.Theyachievedhigh﹣levelaccuracywithsimpletools.C.Theyfocusedonthebeautyoffallingobjects'motion.D.Theyintegratedartisticstrategywithscientificmethod.（4）WhatcanweknowaboutTheCodexfromDr.Gharib'swords？AA.Itcontainsunexploredscientificinsights.B.Historiansmisunderstooditsrealpurpose.C.Itsartworkhasn'tbeenproperlyanalyzed.D.Newtoolsarerequiredtorevealitssecrets.【解答】（1）目的意圖題。根據(jù)第二段RecentresearchpublishedinthejournalLeonardorevealsthatdaVinciconducteddetailedgravityexperimentsoveracenturybeforeGalileoandtwocenturiespriortoNewton.（《萊昂納多》雜志發(fā)表的最新研究表明，達(dá)?芬奇在伽利略之前一個多世紀(jì)、牛頓之前兩個世紀(jì)就進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的重力實(shí)驗(yàn)。）可知，本文主要目的是報道達(dá)?芬奇此前不為人知的科學(xué)研究。故選A。（2）名詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段ItwasaeurekamomentthatrevealedLeonardo'sforward﹣lookingexperiment.（這是一個揭示達(dá)?芬奇前瞻性實(shí)驗(yàn)的靈感時刻。）結(jié)合前文，加里布通過翻轉(zhuǎn)手稿圖像，意識到三角形圖畫揭示了重力實(shí)驗(yàn)的科學(xué)原理，可知"aeurekamoment"指"意識到三角形的科學(xué)意義"。A.FindingdaVinci'ssecretdrawings發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)?芬奇的秘密畫作；B.Detectingtheneedofmirror﹣writing察覺鏡像書寫的必要性；C.Discoveringthepoweroftechnology發(fā)現(xiàn)科技的力量；D.Realizingthetriangle'sscientificmeaning意識到三角形的科學(xué)意義。故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Despitehisbasicexperimentalsetup500yearsago，daVincicalculatedthegravitationalconstanttoanaccuracywithin10percentofthemodernvalue.（盡管達(dá)?芬奇在500年前使用的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置很基礎(chǔ)，但他計算的引力常數(shù)精度達(dá)到了現(xiàn)代值的10%以內(nèi)。）可知，其實(shí)驗(yàn)的特殊之處在于用簡單工具實(shí)現(xiàn)了高精度計算。故選B。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Henotedthatwhilearthistorianshadstudiedit，scientistshadnot."It'sanopenbookwithsomuchtodiscover."（他指出，雖然藝術(shù)史學(xué)家研究過《阿倫德爾抄本》，但科學(xué)家沒有。"這是一本有太多待發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容的開放之書。"）可推知，該抄本包含未被探索的科學(xué)見解。故選A。3．（10分）Thehumanmindisastonishing.Wecansolvecomplexproblems，performcalculations，createart，andprocesslanguageeffortlessly.Wehumansarethesmartestofall，orsowethink…However，recentstudiesrevealhoweasilycontextcanmisleadus.ConsidertheMüller﹣Lyerillusion（錯覺）：equal﹣lengthlineslookdifferentifonehasoutward﹣pointingarrowsandtheotherhasinward﹣pointingarrows.Similarly，threeidentical﹣sizedrunnerspositionedalongavisualpathseemtovaryinsize.Beforeyouconcludethatbeingfooledisreservedonlyforvisualillusions，letmegivetheexampleofBelinda：anoutspokenphilosophystudent，deeplyconcernedwithsustainability，biodiversity，andglobalwarming.IsBelindamorelikely：a）atopstudent，orb）atopstudentandvegetarian？Manypeoplechoosethesecond，becausethecontextofbeingvegetarianseemstofittheimageofsomeonedeeplyconcernedwithsustainability.Butstatistically，thefirstismorelikely.Therearealwaysmoretopstudentsthanvegetariantopstudents.Yetforallitspotentialtotrick，contextmoreoftenservesasourmentalshortcuttoefficientunderstanding.Ratherthanmemorizingeverypossiblemeaningofwordsandsentencepatterns，weconstantlyusesurroundinginformationtofillgaps.AslinguistJ.R.Firthobserved，"Youshallknowawordbytheco