湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市八校聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市八校聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAlthoughbeautifulNewYear’sfireworkslightupskiesaroundtheworld,therearealsomanyunusualbutwonderfulwayspeopleacrosstheworldobservetheNewYear.Roundeverything(Philippines)FilipinoculturecelebratestheNewYearbyservingtwelvedifferentfruits.Apples,melons,oranges,andgrapesarepopularpicks,butanyroundfruitwilldo.Theroundproducestandsforwealthforeachmonthoftheupcomingyear.Localsalsowearclotheswithpolkadots(圓點(diǎn)圖案)onthemandfilltheirpocketswithroundcoins.Throwingpaperoutthewindow(Argentina)ThepiecesofcolouredpaperwillflythroughthestreetsofBuenosAiresaroundlunchtimeonDecember31.ThereasonbehindthecustomisthatArgentinesthrowoutalltheirolddocumentsandpapersbeforethecurtainfallsontheyeartoshowthey’releavingthepastbehind.It’shardlythemostdangerousthingflyingoutofwindowsaroundtheworldonNewYear’s,though—manyotherLatinAmericancountriesarefondofthrowingbucketsofwater,whileSouthAfricansthrowouttheiroldtables,chairs,etc.ontothestreetfromgreatheights.Breakingplatesintopieces(Denmark)IfyouwanttomakeanewDanishfriendfortheNewYear,throwaplateagainsttheirdoor.Thetraditionismeanttobringthehouseownergoodluckfortheyearahead.DanesalsojumpoffchairstoleapintotheNewYear,andstaygluedtotheirTVsforQueenMargrethe’syearlyspeechandascreeningofblack-and-whiteEnglishlanguagecomedyDinnerforOne(knowninDenmarkasThe90thBirthday),whichisalsopopularinGermany.Eatinggrapesfast(Spain)InSpain,with12secondsremaininguntiltheNewYear,peopleeat12greengrapestobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.It’sconsideredtobebadluckifyoucan’teatthemallbythefinalmidnightchime(鐘聲).Eatthemdownintimeand12monthsofgoodluckwillcomeyourway.1.HowdopeopleinPhilippinescelebratetheNewYear?A.Bywearingnewclothesontheeve. B.Bypickinguptwelvedifferentkindsoffruits.C.Bywishingforwealthintheupcomingyear. D.Bygettingclosetosomethinground.2.WhydoArgentinesthrowouttheirolddocumentsandpapersonDecember31?A.Becauseitisnotthemostdangerouscustom.B.Becausethecurtainwillfallonthenewyear.C.Toleavethepastyearandwelcomethenewyear.D.Tobringthehouseownergoodluckfortheyearahead.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaNewYeartraditioninDenmark?A.Eating12greengrapes. B.Jumpingoffachair.C.ListeningtotheQueen’sNewYearspeech. D.Throwingaplateagainstanewfriend’sdoor.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了菲律賓、阿根廷、丹麥和西班牙，這四個(gè)國(guó)家慶祝新年的一些獨(dú)特方式?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Roundeverything(Philippines)部分“FilipinoculturecelebratestheNewYearbyservingtwelvedifferentfruits.Apples,melons,oranges,andgrapesarepopularpicks,butanyroundfruitwilldo.Theroundproducestandsforwealthforeachmonthoftheupcomingyear.Localsalsowearclotheswithpolkadots(圓點(diǎn)圖案)onthemandfilltheirpocketswithroundcoins.(菲律賓文化慶祝新年時(shí)提供12種不同的水果。蘋(píng)果、甜瓜、橙子和葡萄是很受歡迎的水果，但任何圓形水果都可以。圓形的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品代表著來(lái)年每個(gè)月的財(cái)富。當(dāng)?shù)厝艘泊┯袌A點(diǎn)的衣服，口袋里裝滿圓形的硬幣)”可知，菲律賓人通過(guò)靠近圓形的東西來(lái)慶祝新年。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Throwingpaperoutthewindow(Argentina)部分的“ThereasonbehindthecustomisthatArgentinesthrowoutalltheirolddocumentsandpapersbeforethecurtainfallsontheyeartoshowthey’releavingthepastbehind.(這一習(xí)俗背后的原因是，阿根廷人在大幕落下之前扔掉所有的舊文件和紙張，以表明他們正在把過(guò)去拋在身后)”可知，阿根廷人在12月31日扔掉舊文件時(shí)為了離開(kāi)過(guò)去的一年，迎接新的一年。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Breakingplatesintopieces(Denmark)部分“IfyouwanttomakeanewDanishfriendfortheNewYear,throwaplateagainsttheirdoor.Thetraditionismeanttobringthehouseownergoodluckfortheyearahead.DanesalsojumpoffchairstoleapintotheNewYear,andstaygluedtotheirTVsforQueenMargrethe’syearlyspeechandascreeningofblack-and-whiteEnglishlanguagecomedyDinnerforOne(knowninDenmarkasThe90thBirthday),whichisalsopopularinGermany.(如果你想在新年結(jié)交一個(gè)新的丹麥朋友，向他們的門(mén)扔一個(gè)盤(pán)子。丹麥人也會(huì)從椅子上跳起來(lái)迎接新年，守在電視機(jī)前觀看瑪格麗特女王的年度演講，以及觀看黑白英語(yǔ)喜劇《一個(gè)人的晚餐》(在丹麥被稱為《90歲生日》)，這部電影在德國(guó)也很受歡迎)”可知，丹麥人會(huì)從椅子上跳起來(lái)，聽(tīng)女王新年演講及向新朋友的門(mén)上扔盤(pán)子來(lái)迎接新年，選項(xiàng)A“吃12個(gè)綠葡萄”不屬于丹麥慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。BWhenworkingasaforeignteacherinChina,ItaughtEnglishtomystudentsandtheytaughtmeaboutChina.Onedaythetopicturnedtosaying“Iloveyou”.Iwasshockedtolearnthatnooneofmystudentshadsaidthistotheirmothers,norhadtheirmotherssaidittothem.“Doesyourmomloveyou?”“Ofcourse,”theyanswered.“Howdoyouknow?”wasmylogicalquestion.Theyansweredthattheirmomscookedandalwaystoldthemwhattheyweredoingwrongtoshowtheirconcern.Iwassurprised.“SoMom’scookingandcriticizingreadoutas‘Iloveyou’?Thenhowdoyousay‘Iloveyou’toher?”Theyagreedthatgettinggoodgradesandfindinggoodjobswouldbehowtheyshowedtheirlove.Icomefromacountrywheremostpeopleareexpressiveenough,soIrepeatedthesequestionsinclassesovertime.Gradually,Ibegantogetdifferentresponses.Someofthemhadexchangedthosefeelingswiththeirmoms.Oneofmyfavoritestoriesofchangecamefromagirl.Whenshecamehomefromuniversity,hermothermetheratthedoorandhugged(擁抱)her.Thishadneverhappenedbefore,buthermomsaid,“Nowthatyouhavegone,Ihavemoretimetomyself.InoticedthatinsomeplacesmothersandchildrenhugeachotherandIdecideditwasagoodideaandthatIwouldbeginhuggingyou.”Inmyfamilyweallsay“Iloveyou”alot.Whileitistruethatweoftensaythewordswithouthavinggreatdepth(深刻)offeelingsatthatmoment,itisalmostlikeablessing(祝福)wegiveeachother.Thosethreelittlewordscarryaworldofmeaning,evenwhensaidasagreeting,butmostespeciallyiftheyarethelastwordswesaytoorhearfromthosewelove.4.Whywastheforeignteachershocked?A.Becausethestudents’momsdon’tlovethematall.B.Becauseallofthestudentsdon’tsay“Iloveyou”totheirmoms.C.Becauseherstudentsdon’tknowthemeaningof“Iloveyou”.D.Becauseneitherherstudentsnortheirmomssay“Iloveyou”toeachother.5.Chinesepeopleprefertoshowloveby________.A.buyinggifts B.doingsomethingmeaningfulC.saying“Iloveyou” D.huggingeachother6.InParagraph4,what’stherealmeaningofthemom’shugging?A.Sheismeetingherdaughteratthedoor. B.Shelovesherdaughterandmissesher.C.Shefindsitinterestingtohugherdaughter. D.Sheisgladthatshehasmoretimetoherself.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Say“Iloveyou”alottoChinesepeople. B.Say“Iloveyou”asagreetingtoothers.C.Say“Iloveyou”moretoyourfamily. D.Say“Iloveyou”withoutgreatdepthoffeelings.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要介紹的是在表達(dá)愛(ài)意的方式上，不同文化背景下的家庭有著截然不同的習(xí)慣與理解。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Onedaythetopicturnedtosaying‘Iloveyou’.Iwasshockedtolearnthatnooneofmystudentshadsaidthistotheirmothers,norhadtheirmotherssaidittothem.(有一天，話題轉(zhuǎn)到了說(shuō)‘我愛(ài)你’。我很震驚地了解到，我的學(xué)生中沒(méi)有人對(duì)他們的媽媽說(shuō)過(guò)，他們的媽媽也沒(méi)有對(duì)他們說(shuō)過(guò))”可知，外教震驚是因?yàn)樗膶W(xué)生和學(xué)生的媽媽之間都沒(méi)有對(duì)彼此說(shuō)過(guò)“我愛(ài)你”。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theyansweredthattheirmomscookedandalwaystoldthemwhattheyweredoingwrongtoshowtheirconcern.Iwassurprised.“SoMom’scookingandcriticizingreadoutas‘Iloveyou’?Thenhowdoyousay‘Iloveyou’toher?”Theyagreedthatgettinggoodgradesandfindinggoodjobswouldbehowtheyshowedtheirlove.(他們回答說(shuō)，他們的媽媽做飯，總是告訴他們做錯(cuò)了什么，以表示他們的關(guān)心。我很驚訝?！八詪寢尩呐腼兒团u(píng)被解讀為‘我愛(ài)你’？那你怎么對(duì)她說(shuō)‘我愛(ài)你’呢？”他們一致認(rèn)為，取得好成績(jī)，然后找到好工作是他們表達(dá)愛(ài)的方式)”可推知，中國(guó)人喜歡通過(guò)做一些有意義的事情來(lái)表達(dá)愛(ài)。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Whenshecamehomefromuniversity,hermothermetheratthedoorandhugged(擁抱)her.Thishadneverhappenedbefore,buthermomsaid,‘Nowthatyouhavegone,Ihavemoretimetomyself.InoticedthatinsomeplacesmothersandchildrenhugeachotherandIdecideditwasagoodideaandthatIwouldbeginhuggingyou.’(當(dāng)她從大學(xué)回家時(shí)，她媽媽在門(mén)口迎接她并擁抱了她。這種情況以前從未發(fā)生過(guò)，但她的媽媽說(shuō)：‘你走了以后，我有更多的時(shí)間屬于自己。我注意到有些地方媽媽和孩子會(huì)互相擁抱，于是我覺(jué)得這是個(gè)好主意，我也會(huì)開(kāi)始擁抱你?！?”可知，在第四段中，女兒從大學(xué)回到家，媽媽出于想念和愛(ài)，擁抱了女兒，所以母親擁抱的真正含義是她愛(ài)她的女兒，想念她。故選B?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inmyfamilyweallsay‘Iloveyou’alot.Whileitistruethatweoftensaythewordswithouthavinggreatdepth(深刻)offeelingsatthatmoment,itisalmostlikeablessing(祝福)wegiveeachother.Thosethreelittlewordscarryaworldofmeaning,evenwhensaidasagreeting,butmostespeciallyiftheyarethelastwordswesaytoorhearfromthosewelove.(在我家，我們都經(jīng)常說(shuō)‘我愛(ài)你’。雖然我們經(jīng)常說(shuō)的話在那一刻沒(méi)有很深的感情是事實(shí)，這幾乎就像我們給對(duì)方的祝福。即使是作為問(wèn)候，這三個(gè)小字也意味深長(zhǎng)，尤其是當(dāng)它們是我們對(duì)所愛(ài)的人說(shuō)的最后一句話或聽(tīng)到的最后一句話時(shí))”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了作者在中國(guó)當(dāng)外教時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)父母和孩子不經(jīng)常用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)對(duì)彼此的愛(ài)，而是通過(guò)做一些有意義的事情來(lái)表達(dá)，作者建議多和家人用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)愛(ài)意?？芍?，這篇文章的主旨是對(duì)家人多說(shuō)“我愛(ài)你”。故選C。CInaworldfeaturingendlesschoices,thesearchforsimplicityhasbecomemorethanjustadesire—it’sanecessity.ThebookYesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNoexploresthephilosophyofsimplicityanddecision-making.WrittenbyBruceMullen,thisbookgoesbeyondself-helpclichés(陳詞濫調(diào))andoffersagenuine,actionableapproachtoguidinglife’schoices.Thebookrecognizesdecision-makingasthecentreofhumanexistenceandinvitesreaderstoadmiteachdecisioncarriesaweight.“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”sumsupasignifcan’trule—adefinite“Yes”andaclear“No.”Itencouragesreaderstofocusonthe“Yes”andstopreadersfromputtingtheireffortintouncertainthings.Anotherrulestressedinthebookissimplicityindecision-making.Byadoptingsimplicity,decision-makersaimtogetthekeyinformation,focusonthemostrelatedfactors,andavoidunnecessaryaspects,enablingquickerjudgmentsandswifterconclusions.Thebookisapracticalguidetostrengthendecision-makingskills.Theauthordoesn’tmerelyexpressthephilosophybutequipsreaderswiththetoolstheyneedtoapplyeffectively.Fromtechniquestogivepreferencetotaskstomethodsforavoidingdistractions(分心),thebookoffersskillsforsimplifyingthedecision-makingprocess.Throughpersonalexperiences,Mullendeterminedthepowerofsimplification,guidingpeopletomakedecisionsaccordingtoone’sownvaluesanddesires.Beyondindividualcontext,thisbookalsoinfluencesbusinessstrategies,relationshipdynamics,andsocialconsiderations.Mullennotonlyexplorestheessenceof“yesmeansyes”butstressesthesignificanceofmakingcleardecisionsatacrossroads.“YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”ismorethanabook;it’saphilosophythatcanchangehowweapproachdecisions.Forthoseseekingtoguidelifewithclarityandpurpose,thisbookisaguidinglightinthefogofindecision.8.Whatarethereadersencouragedtodoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Concentrateonrelatedthings. B.Sumupasimplejudgement.C.Solveuncertainmatters. D.Makedecisionsindependently.9.Whyisthebookapracticalguidetoreaders?A.Toequipreaderswithdecision-makingskills. B.Tohelpreadersexpresstheirphilosophy.C.Toimprovereaders’criticalthinkingways. D.Toprovidereaderswithlifetechniques.10.Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Applicationofsimplicity. B.Rulesofmakingdecisions.C.Impactsofdecision-making. D.Benefitsofstressingsimplicity.11.Whatisthearticleaimedat?A.Sharinganapproachofdecision-making. B.Recommendingabook.C.Describingasimplelifestyle. D.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo這本可以增強(qiáng)讀者決策力的書(shū)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段后兩句“Anotherrulestressedinthebookissimplicityindecision-making.Byadoptingsimplicity,decision-makersaimtogetthekeyinformation,focusonthemostrelatedfactors,andavoidunnecessaryaspects,enablingquickerjudgmentsandswifterconclusions.(書(shū)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的另一條規(guī)則是決策的簡(jiǎn)單性。通過(guò)采用簡(jiǎn)化，決策者獲取關(guān)鍵信息，關(guān)注最相關(guān)的因素，避免不必要的方面，從而更快地判斷和更快地得出結(jié)論。)”可知，這本書(shū)建議讀者專注于相關(guān)的事情。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thebookisapracticalguidetoenhancedecision-makingskills.Theauthordoesn’tmerelyexpressthephilosophybutequipsreaderswiththetoolstheyneedtoapplyeffectively.Fromtechniquestogivepreferencetotaskstomethodsforavoidingdistractions(分心),thebookoffersskillsforsimplifyingthedecision-makingprocess.(這本書(shū)是提高決策能力的實(shí)用指南。作者不僅表達(dá)了哲學(xué)，還為讀者提供了有效應(yīng)用所需要的工具。從優(yōu)先處理任務(wù)的技巧到避免分心的方法，這本書(shū)提供了簡(jiǎn)化決策過(guò)程的技巧。)”可知，這本書(shū)提供了使讀者具備決策能力的有效工具，所以是讀者的實(shí)用指南。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Throughpersonalexperiences,Mullendeterminedthepowerofsimplification,guidingpeopletomakedecisionsaccordingtoone’sownvaluesanddesires.Beyondindividualcontext,thisbookalsoinfluencesbusinessstrategies,relationshipdynamics,andsocialconsiderations.Mullennotonlyexplorestheessenceof“yesmeansyes”butstressesthesignificanceofmakingcleardecisionsatacrossroads.(通過(guò)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，馬倫確定了簡(jiǎn)化的力量，引導(dǎo)人們根據(jù)自己的價(jià)值觀和欲望做出決定。除了個(gè)人背景，這本書(shū)也影響商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，關(guān)系動(dòng)態(tài)，和社會(huì)的考慮。馬倫不僅探討了“是就是是”的本質(zhì)，還強(qiáng)調(diào)了在十字路口做出明確決定的重要性。)”可知，本段主要陳述了強(qiáng)調(diào)簡(jiǎn)化的好處。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章最后一段““YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo”ismorethanabook;it’saphilosophythatcanchangehowweapproachdecisions.Forthoseseekingtoguidelifewithclarityandpurpose,thisbookisaguidinglightinthefogofindecision.(YesMeansYes,EverythingElseMeansNo不僅僅是一本書(shū)；這是一種可以改變我們做決定方式的哲學(xué)。對(duì)于那些尋求用清晰和目標(biāo)來(lái)引導(dǎo)生活的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這本書(shū)是在迷茫中指引方向的明燈。)”可知，這篇文章的目的是推薦這本書(shū)。故選B項(xiàng)。DAredbustookvisitorsalongthestreetsofNewYorkCity’sRooseveltIsland.Butthiswasn’tatypicalsightseeingtour.Passengersallworevirtualrealityheadsets(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭戴設(shè)備)foraneye-openingexperience.Thisexperiencewasdesignedtoengage(使參與)visitorsincreativewaysthroughanewsystemcalledCXR.Passengersweretransportedintoaplacewherevirtualandrealenvironmentsmet.Theretheyexperiencednineshockingscenesshowingtheinfluenceofclimatechange,especiallyrisingfloodwaters.Scientificmodelssuggestthata100-yearfloodcouldcovermostofRooseveltIsland.Despitethewarning,researchshowsthatsuchadisasterdoesn’tfeelrealtomanyinthepublic.ThisdiscrepancyisexactlywhattheCXRsystemaimstodealwith.Thetechnologyhelpspeopleunderstandseriouschallengeslikeclimatechange.Theparticipantscanexperienceasharedrealitywhiletravelingthroughtheirenvironment.AndtheCXRsystemprovedtodomorethanjusteducatepeopleaboutdisasterrisks.Afterseeingthemostseriousfloodingevents,participantsreportedstrongemotionalresponses.Manyexpressedincreasedconcernaboutclimatechangeandadesiretodosomething.Oneparticipantwasevenmovedtotearsuponseeingafloodreachthestepsofherschool.“Thesetypesofreactionswerenotsurprising,”saidWendyJu,whoseresearchgroupcreatedCXR.“Wedidfindthatpeoplegotworried,butwealsonotedthattheworryseemedtoinspirepeopletotakemeasures.It’sagoodresultfromourviewpoint.”TheCXRsystemhasmanypossibleapplicationsbeyonditsoriginalplan.Itcanplayanimportantroleincityplanningbyengagingcommunitiesindiscussionsaboutnewdevelopments.Byprovidingaclearandrealisticpresentationofsuggestedchanges,ithelpstoreducemisunderstandings.Thisencouragespeopletoactivelyexpresstheiropinionsaboutapproachestofutureplanning.“Immersive(沉浸式的)technologiescanbringfuturechallengesintofocus,”Jusaid.“Theyareimportantforbuildingthesocialwilltoprepareforwhatliesahead.”12.WhatistheoriginalfunctionoftheCXRsystem?A.Toencouragepublictransportationuse. B.Toincreasetheenjoymentoftours.C.Toteachfloodpreventionmeasures. D.Toraiseawarenessofclimateissues.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrepancy”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Goal. B.Request. C.Difference. D.Method.14.WhichcanbestdescribetheexperiencewiththeCXRsystem?A.Adventurousandjoyful. B.Educationalandinspiring.C.Confusingandstressful. D.Realisticandrelaxing.15.HowcantheCXRsystemgenerallybenefitcityplanning?A.Bydrivingcooperativeproblem-solving. B.Bystressingtheneedforgreenspaces.C.Byfocusingonshort-termsolutions. D.Byreducingoverallplanningcosts.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了名為CXR的新系統(tǒng)的使用場(chǎng)景、設(shè)計(jì)目的以及作用?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Passengersweretransportedintoaplacewherevirtualandrealenvironmentsmet.Theretheyexperiencednineshockingscenesshowingtheinfluenceofclimatechange,especiallyrisingfloodwaters.(乘客被運(yùn)送到一個(gè)虛擬和真實(shí)環(huán)境相遇的地方。在那里，他們經(jīng)歷了9個(gè)令人震驚的場(chǎng)景，展示了氣候變化的影響，尤其是不斷上漲的洪水)”以及第三段“Thetechnologyhelpspeopleunderstandseriouschallengeslikeclimatechange.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)幫助人們了解氣候變化等嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn))”可知，CXR系統(tǒng)的主要功能是提高對(duì)氣候問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Scientificmodelssuggestthata100-yearfloodcouldcovermostofRooseveltIsland.Despitethewarning,researchshowsthatsuchadisasterdoesn’tfeelrealtomanyinthepublic.(科學(xué)模型表明，百年一遇的洪水可能會(huì)覆蓋羅斯福島的大部分地區(qū)。盡管有這樣的警告，但研究表明，對(duì)公眾來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣的災(zāi)難并不真實(shí))”可知，科學(xué)模型和公眾認(rèn)知存在差異，是CXR系統(tǒng)要解決的問(wèn)題，推知discrepancy應(yīng)是“差異”之意，和D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AndtheCXRsystemprovedtodomorethanjusteducatepeopleaboutdisasterrisks.(事實(shí)證明，CXR系統(tǒng)所做的不僅僅是教育人們了解災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”和第四段“Wedidfindthatpeoplegotworried,butwealsonotedthattheworryseemedtoinspirepeopletotakemeasures.It’sagoodresultfromourviewpoint.(我們確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)人們感到擔(dān)憂，但我們也注意到，這種擔(dān)憂似乎激勵(lì)人們采取措施。在我們看來(lái)，這是一個(gè)很好的結(jié)果)”可知，CXR系統(tǒng)的體驗(yàn)是有教育意義和鼓舞人心的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itcanplayanimportantroleincityplanningbyengagingcommunitiesindiscussionsaboutnewdevelopments.Byprovidingaclearandrealisticpresentationofsuggestedchanges,ithelpstoreducemisunderstandings.Thisencouragespeopletoactivelyexpresstheiropinionsaboutapproachestofutureplanning.(它可以通過(guò)讓社區(qū)參與討論新的發(fā)展，在城市規(guī)劃中發(fā)揮重要作用。通過(guò)對(duì)建議的更改提供清晰和現(xiàn)實(shí)的展示，它有助于減少誤解。這鼓勵(lì)人們積極表達(dá)他們對(duì)未來(lái)規(guī)劃方法的意見(jiàn))”可知，CXR系統(tǒng)通過(guò)推動(dòng)合作解決問(wèn)題，有益于城市規(guī)劃，故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whetheryou’reanexperienceddoghandleroralittlecarefulaboutdogs,itcanbedifficulttoreadadog’scomplexlanguage.Howdoyouknowifthedogwantstogreetyouortellyoutobackoff?____16____Acontentandrelaxeddogwillhaveitsearsup(notforward)andheadhigh._____17_____Yourrelaxeddog’smouthopensslightlywithtongueexposed.Ifyouarestillunsureofwhethertoapproach,goslowlyandmakenosuddenmoves.Don’tmaketoomucheyecontactandslowlyextendthebackofyourhandforthedogtosniff(嗅)firstbeforepatting.Afterthiswelcomeinteraction,dogsmayraisetheirtailsandlowerfrontpaws(爪子).____18____Thispositionwillbeheldbrieflybeforetheyrushoffinrandomdirectionstogetyoutochaseandtoplaywiththem.Theystickouttheirtongues.Theirearswillbeup.Thisisyourchancetohavearunwithyourpartner.____19____Theyshowmoreteeth,barkmoreloudlyandhidethetailsbetweentheirlegs.Theyarereadytoattackwhenannoyed.Becarefuloftheseunusualgestures.Thesesignalsareexpressedastheydirectlyfacetheirsourceof“threat”.Adogthatisundersocialorenvironmentalstresswillpaceaboutwiththetaildown,thebodyloweredandearsback.Itsbreathwillalsoberapidwitheyesexpanded.____20____Inthiscase,trytoworkoutthesourceofitsstress.Ifyoucan’tchangethatrightaway,acalmingmassage(按摩)willhelp.A.Althoughahappydogwillhaveitstailhigh,arelaxeddog’stailwillbehanging.B.Thefollowingisahandydogbodylanguageguide.C.Anditmayleavesweatmarksfromitsfeet.D.Themoodscanbejudgedfromtheirtails.E.Thismeansitisplaytime!F.Keepyourvoicelowandcalm.G.Sometimesdogsbehaveinanangryandviolentway.【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.G20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就狗的一些肢體語(yǔ)言所代表的含義進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whetheryou’reanexperienceddoghandleroralittlecarefulaboutdogs,itcanbedifficulttoreadadog’scomplexlanguage.Howdoyouknowifthedogwantstogreetyouortellyoutobackoff?(無(wú)論你是經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的訓(xùn)狗員還是對(duì)狗有點(diǎn)小心的人，都很難讀懂狗的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言。你怎么知道狗狗是想和你打招呼還是讓你走開(kāi)？)”可知，本句承上啟下，啟示后文列舉了一些狗的肢體語(yǔ)言所代表的含義。故B選項(xiàng)“下面是一個(gè)方便的狗的肢體語(yǔ)言指南”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Acontentandrelaxeddogwillhaveitsearsup(notforward)andheadhigh.(一只滿足和放松的狗會(huì)豎起耳朵（而不是向前），把頭抬高)”以及后文“Yourrelaxeddog’smouthopensslightlywithtongueexposed.Ifyouarestillunsureofwhethertoapproach,goslowlyandmakenosuddenmoves.Don’tmaketoomucheyecontactandslowlyextendthebackofyourhandforthedogtosniff(嗅)firstbeforepatting.(你放松的狗的嘴微微張開(kāi)，舌頭露出來(lái)。如果你仍然不確定是否要接近，慢慢走，不要突然行動(dòng)。不要有太多的眼神接觸，在拍狗之前，慢慢地伸出手背讓它嗅一嗅。)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了放松和滿足的狗的肢體語(yǔ)言，A選項(xiàng)中relaxed對(duì)應(yīng)上文relaxed。故A選項(xiàng)“雖然一只快樂(lè)的狗會(huì)把尾巴翹起來(lái)，但一只放松的狗會(huì)把尾巴垂下來(lái)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選A?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Afterthiswelcomeinteraction,dogsmayraisetheirtailsandlowerfrontpaws(爪子).(在這種受歡迎的互動(dòng)之后，狗可能會(huì)抬起尾巴，放下前爪。)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明狗抬起尾巴，放下前爪代表的含義。故E選項(xiàng)“這意味著是玩耍時(shí)間！”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Theyshowmoreteeth,barkmoreloudlyandhidethetailsbetweentheirlegs.Theyarereadytoattackwhenannoyed.Becarefuloftheseunusualgestures.Thesesignalsareexpressedastheydirectlyfacetheirsourceof“threat”.(它們露出更多的牙齒，更大聲地吠叫，把尾巴藏在雙腿之間。他們被激怒時(shí)隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備攻擊。小心這些不尋常的姿勢(shì)。這些信號(hào)是在他們直接面對(duì)“威脅”來(lái)源時(shí)表達(dá)出來(lái)的。)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了狗一些憤怒的行為和肢體語(yǔ)言信號(hào)。故G選項(xiàng)“有時(shí)狗會(huì)表現(xiàn)出憤怒和暴力的行為?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Adogthatisundersocialorenvironmentalstresswillpaceaboutwiththetaildown,thebodyloweredandearsback.Itsbreathwillalsoberapidwitheyesexpanded.(一只處于社會(huì)或環(huán)境壓力下的狗會(huì)垂著尾巴，低著身子，耳朵后仰。它的呼吸也會(huì)很快，眼睛也會(huì)睜大。)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明狗緊張的時(shí)候的一些表現(xiàn)。故C選項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)在腳上留下汗印?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選C。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Theearthquakewasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomeasallthe___21___hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI___22___anoldladyatabakery(烘焙店)givingoutfreebread,whichmademyheart___23___.Amanwasholdingasignsaying,“pleaseuseour___24___.”Hewasopeninghishouseforpeopletogotothetoilet.ThenthenextdayIdrovetohavemycar___25___.Therewasnotenough___26___nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhadvery___27___lines.Igotworried,sinceIwasbehindfifteencars.Finally,whenmy___28___came,themansmiledandsaid.“Becauseofthissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.Isthatallright?”“Ofcourse.It’snicethatweareallableto___29___,”Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchcomfort.AtthesheltercenterIsawaman___30___whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeen___31___there.However,afterhedriedthetears,hisnext___32___surprisedme.“Iamvery___33___thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven’t___34___anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”Hearingthat,Irealizedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis___35___.21.A.lift B.traffic C.donation D.business22.A.crashed B.saw C.rescued D.caught23.A.scared B.broken C.empty D.warm24.A.kitchen B.bedroom C.livingroom D.bathroom25.A.filledup B.clearedup C.cleanedup D.builtup26.A.food B.oxygen C.gas D.water27.A.odd B.sharp C.long D.short28.A.turn B.time C.order D.determination29.A.choose B.offer C.profit D.share30.A.eating B.crying C.erupting D.singing31.A.left B.stored C.brought D.kept32.A.words B.roles C.behaviors D.promises33.A.shocked B.curious C.confused D.grateful34.A.cooked B.received C.prepared D.exported35.A.city B.damage C.disaster D.center【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.D25.A26.C27.C28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.D34.B35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了地震后，作者在城市遇到的暖心的人和事?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于地震，所有的交通都停止了，我別無(wú)選擇，只能步行回家。A.lift提升，搭便車；B.traffic交通；C.donation捐贈(zèng)；D.business生意。根據(jù)“Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhome”可知，作者只能步行回家，推知所有的交通方式因地震都停止了，故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我回家的路上，我看到一個(gè)老太太在面包店分發(fā)免費(fèi)的面包，這使我的心溫暖。A.crashed碰撞；B.saw看見(jiàn)；C.rescued減少；D.caught抓住。根據(jù)下文“anoldladyatabakery(烘焙店)givingoutfreebread”描述老人的行為可知，這是作者看到的，故選B?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.scared害怕的；B.broken心碎的；C.empty空的；D.warm溫暖的。根據(jù)上文“anoldladyatabakery(烘焙店)givingoutfreebread”可知，老人的善行應(yīng)是讓作者感到溫暖，故選D?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一名男子舉著一塊牌子，上面寫(xiě)著：“請(qǐng)使用我們的衛(wèi)生間?！盇.kitchen廚房；B.bedroom臥室；C.livingroom客廳；D.bathroom衛(wèi)生間。根據(jù)下文“Hewasopeninghishouseforpeopletogotothetoilet.(他打開(kāi)房門(mén)讓人們上廁所)”可知，他讓人們免費(fèi)使用衛(wèi)生間，故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：第二天我開(kāi)車去給車加滿油。A.filledup（使）填滿，裝滿；B.clearedup使整潔，清理；C.cleanedup打掃干凈；D.builtup逐漸增強(qiáng)。根據(jù)下文“gasstations”以及“weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson(我們只給每人30美元的汽油)”可知，作者開(kāi)車去加油，故選A?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在汽油不夠了，許多加油站不是關(guān)門(mén)了就是排了很長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)。A.food食物；B.oxygen氧氣；C.gas汽油；D.water水。下文“manygasstationswereeitherclosed”提到很多加油站關(guān)閉了，推知沒(méi)有足夠的汽油，故選C?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.odd古怪的；B.sharp尖銳的；C.long長(zhǎng)的；D.short短的。根據(jù)上文提到?jīng)]有足夠的汽油以及下文“sinceIwasbehindfifteencars(因?yàn)槲腋?5輛車后面)”可知，加油要排很長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)，故選C?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后輪到我的時(shí)候，那人笑著說(shuō)，“由于這種情況，我們只給每人30美元的汽油。這樣行嗎？”A.turn（依次輪到的）機(jī)會(huì)；B.time時(shí)間；C.order命令，訂單；D.determination決心。根據(jù)下文“weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.Isthatallright?”可知，輪到作者加油了，故選A。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)然可以。很高興我們都能分享?！蔽艺f(shuō)。A.choose選擇；B.offer提供；C.profit獲益；D.share分享，共享。根據(jù)上文提到汽油短缺以及“Becauseofthissituation,weareonlygiving$30worthofgasperperson.”可知，在汽油短缺的情況下每人只能加30美元的汽油，所以是大家共享有限的汽油，故選D?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在收容中心，我看到一個(gè)男人在人們給他送食物時(shí)哭了。A.eating吃；B.crying哭；C.erupting爆發(fā)；D.singing唱歌。根據(jù)下文“afterhedriedthetears”可知，一個(gè)男人在人們給他送食物時(shí)哭了，故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是三天來(lái)第一次有人把食物送到那里。A.left離開(kāi)；B.stored儲(chǔ)存；C.brought帶來(lái)；D.kept保持。根據(jù)上文“whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim”和語(yǔ)境可知，此處指把食物帶到那里，故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在他擦干眼淚之后，他接下來(lái)的話讓我很驚訝。A.words話語(yǔ)；B.roles角色；C.behaviors行為；D.promises承諾。根據(jù)下文“Iamvery______thatweareprovidedwithfood.”可知，接下來(lái)他說(shuō)的話讓作者感到驚訝，故選A?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激我們得到了食物。A.shocked震驚的；B.curious好奇的；C.confused困惑的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)下文“weareprovidedwithfood”可知，地震后得到食物應(yīng)是心存感激，故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我們隔壁城市的人們根本沒(méi)有得到任何食物。A.cooked烹飪；B.received收到，拿到；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備；D.exported出口。根據(jù)上文“weareprovidedwithfood”和本句中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“But”可知，這里的人拿到了食物，但是隔壁城市的人們根本沒(méi)有得到任何食物，故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聽(tīng)到這些，我意識(shí)到在這個(gè)城市的另一方面有一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。A.city城市；B.damage破壞；C.disaster災(zāi)難；D.center中心。根據(jù)上文“thecitynexttous”以及“Pleasegotothatcenteraswell.”可知，老人讓大家把食物帶給隔壁城市的人，故此處指“這個(gè)城市的另一方面有一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)”，故選A。第二節(jié)：（10個(gè)小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheDoubleNinthFestival(theChongyangFestival),whichhasahistoryofover2,000years,falls____36____theninthdayoftheninthmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Accordingtotradition,weshouldcelebratethefestivalbygoingmountainclimbing,buthowmanypeopletodaystillobservethistradition?Inmodernsociety,____37____manytraditionalChinesefestivalsarebecominglessandlesspopular,theyareanimportantpartofChineseculture,andwemustprotectandma