北京市2023-2024學(xué)年高二北京市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月月考英語試題含解析下學(xué)期6月月考試題含解析

Page22北京市2023—2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期第三次質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試卷說明：1.本試卷共五道大題，共9頁。2.卷面滿分100分，考試時(shí)間90分鐘。3.試題答案一律在答題紙上作答，在試卷上作答無效。Ⅰ.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，27分）（一）聽后選擇（共14小題；每小題1.5分，共21分）第一節(jié)，聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽對話前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將有5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Classmates.2.WhattimedoestheTVseriesbegin?A.At8:00.B.At8:30.C.At9:00.3.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inabank.C.Inarestaurant.4.Howwouldthemanliketomakethetrip?A.Byair.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.第二節(jié)，聽下面五段對話或獨(dú)白，每段對話或獨(dú)白后有兩道小題，從每題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將有5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白你將聽兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第5至第6小題?，F(xiàn)在，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這兩道小題。5.WhattestarethespeakersgoingtotakeonFriday?A.Science.B.History.C.Music.6.Whydoesthewomanspeakermakethephonecall?A.Todiscusshermathsproblems.B.ToseekhelpwithherEnglishreading.C.Toaskaboutthehomeworkfortomorrow.聽下面一段對話，回答第7至第8小題。現(xiàn)在，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這兩道小題。7.Whatdoesthemanthinkisthecauseofthewoman’sillness?A.Lastnight’sdinner.B.Thehotweather.C.Bottledwater.8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Guestandreceptionist.聽下面一段對話，回答第9至第10小題?，F(xiàn)在，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這兩道小題。9.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makinganinvitation.B.Offeringinformation.C.Askingforpermission.10.WhattimeisthewomangoingtoseethedentistthisSaturday?A.10:30am.B.12:30pm.C.4:30pm.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第12小題?，F(xiàn)在，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這兩道小題。11.Whatistheattitudeofthewoman?A.Verycooperative.B.Verysurprised.C.Veryangry.12.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?ACheckingoutsomefacts.B.Complainingofthenoise.C.Askingsomequestions.聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第14小題。現(xiàn)在，你有10秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀這兩道小題。13.HowmanypeoplediedontheroadinSouthAfricaeveryyear?A.Nearly1,300.B.Nearly400.C.Nearly14,000.14.WhatdoesGaryRonalthinkagovernmentshoulddonext?ABandrunkdriving.B.Educatethegeneralpublic.C.Teachroadsafetyatschool.（二）聽后記錄（共4小題；每小題1.5分，共6分）聽兩遍短文，根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容和提示，將所缺的關(guān)鍵信息填寫在相應(yīng)的位置上，每空只需填寫一個(gè)詞?，F(xiàn)在，你有1分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽提示信息。AnIntroductiontoForestAdventureWaytogettothehousesDrivingoverthe15,walkingorcycling.PlacetohireabikeBicyclestoreThingsforfun·Attheeastendofthelake:swimmingpoolsandshops.·Atthewestendofthelake:16andskateboardingareas.·Ontheisland:abarbecue17aweek.·Throughtheforest:a(n)18walk.II.完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OneMothertoAnotherOnWednesdayevening,ourdaughter,whowasataboardingschoolover200kilometersaway,toldusthatshehadlostherphonewhenshetookpartinanactivityoffcampus.Werealizedthatwehadlittlechanceoffindingit.Thenextmorning,myphonebeeped(嗶嗶響)loudly.Akindvoiceannouncedthatshehadsomethingthatbelongedtomydaughter.I___1___thatIlivedathree-hourdriveaway,andtoldherIwouldaskafriendtofetchthephone.Mydaughterhadwrittenmynumberontheinsideofherphone’scase—goodthinking!AftercontactingthepeopleIknowwholivedneartheschool,Iwasoutof___2___—noonecouldgoand___3___thephone,notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy.Idecidedtoasktheladytopostthephonetomydaughter.ButwhenIsentheratexttoaskifthiswouldbeOK,shereplied,“Wewill___4___itandwe’regoingtodrivedowntotheboardingschooltonight.”Tomy___5___,thiswonderfulcouple,whohadalreadyspentabusydayatwork,wasmakingaroundtriponthenight,___6___forreturningaphonetoacompletestranger.Howtouchingitwas!Igavethemdirectionsandthey___7___thephoneintothehandsofmydaughteratherboardinghouse.Theonlywordofanexplanationwas,“I’vegotchildrenofmyown,andIknowhowamother___8___.”Wehadthoughtthatthechanceofgettingbackthephonewas___9___,butwegotitbackinsuchashorttime.Itwasawonderfulreminderofthegoodintheworldandhowtheactionsofonepersoncan_____10_____theworldtoanother.1.A.suggested B.reported C.explained D.argued2.A.date B.luck C.work D.control3.A.pickup B.carryout C.handin D.giveaway4.A.find B.show C.miss D.take5.A.regret B.surprise C.amusement D.disappointment6.A.especially B.certainly C.definitely D.probably7.A.conducted B.arranged C.delivered D.identified8.A.doubts B.interests C.predicts D.worries9.A.free B.slim C.hard D.fair10.A.tell B.face C.mean D.join【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.A7.C8.D9.B10.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了遠(yuǎn)在寄宿學(xué)校的女兒丟了手機(jī)，一對好心的陌生夫婦特地來回奔波給她送手機(jī)的事情。作者從此事中感受到，人的善行能夠影響到別人?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我解釋道我住在三小時(shí)的車程開外，并且告訴她我會(huì)讓一個(gè)朋友去拿這個(gè)手機(jī)。A.suggested建議；B.reported報(bào)道；C.explained解釋；D.argued爭論。根據(jù)語境可知，此處母親“我”接到來自對方的電話，應(yīng)該是與對方解釋自己路程較遠(yuǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在聯(lián)系了住在學(xué)校附近的熟人后，我很不走運(yùn)——沒人能去接電話，這并不奇怪，因?yàn)槟翘焓枪ぷ魅?，大家都很忙。A.date日期，B.luck運(yùn)氣；C.work工作；D.control控制。根據(jù)下文“notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy”推測，因?yàn)槟翘焓枪ぷ魅?，大家都很忙，“我”并沒有找到可以拿手機(jī)的人，應(yīng)該是不走運(yùn)的。outofluck“不走運(yùn)的”。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.pickup撿起，獲得；B.carryout執(zhí)行；C.handin上交；D.giveaway捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)上文語境可知，此處“我”找不到可以拿手機(jī)的人，pickupthephone“拿手機(jī)”，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我給她發(fā)短信問她這樣行不行時(shí)，她回答：“我們將會(huì)帶上它，并且我們今天晚上將會(huì)開車去寄宿學(xué)校?！盇.find找到；B.show展示；C.miss錯(cuò)過，想念；D.take帶。根據(jù)下文“drivedowntotheboardingschool”判斷，陌生人應(yīng)該是要帶上手機(jī)去找“我”的女兒，將手機(jī)還給她。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這對完美的夫婦，已經(jīng)忙了一天的工作，卻要在晚上來回奔波，尤其是為了把手機(jī)還給一個(gè)完全陌生的人。A.regret遺憾；B.surprise驚訝；C.amusement娛樂；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)本句句意推測，“我”應(yīng)該對于這對陌生夫婦的表現(xiàn)非常吃驚。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.especially尤其；B.certainly當(dāng)然；C.definitely肯定。根據(jù)語境判斷，“我”認(rèn)為陌生夫婦的行為是讓人驚訝的，尤其是為了陌生人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我給了他們方向，他們將手機(jī)遞到了在公寓里的我女兒的手上。A.conducted執(zhí)行；B.arranged安排；C.delivered遞送；D.identified識別。根據(jù)上文可知，此處陌生夫婦將手機(jī)送到了“我”的女兒的手上。故選C項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我有我自己的孩子，我知道一個(gè)媽媽有多擔(dān)心。A.doubts懷疑；B.interests感興趣；C.predicts預(yù)測；D.worries擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“I’vegotmychildrenofmyown”可知，這位送手機(jī)的也是一位母親，也能體會(huì)到作為一個(gè)母親的擔(dān)心。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們原以為拿回手機(jī)的機(jī)會(huì)很渺茫，但是我們在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就把它拿了回來。A.free空閑的；B.slim小的，少的；C.hard困難的；D.fair公平的。根據(jù)后半句句意推測，原來對于拿回手機(jī)這件事已經(jīng)不抱希望了，即希望很小。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它很好地提醒我們世界上有善，并且一個(gè)人的行為對另一個(gè)人意味著整個(gè)世界。A.tell告訴；B.face面對；C.mean意味；D.join加入。根據(jù)語境判斷，“我”從陌生夫婦的行為中知道了人的善行對于另外一個(gè)人的影響是如此之大，meantheworldtoanother“對另外一個(gè)人意味著世界”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AStoriesBehindFamousCompanyNamesInventorCalebBradhamhadoriginallywantedtobeadoctorbutstartedworkinginapharmacywhenhereturnedhometoNorthCarolina.In1893,hemadeupwhathefirstcalled“Brad’sDrink,”amixofwater,sugar,caramel,lemonoil,nutmeg,andotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化),ordyspepsia,thetermfromwhichBradhamadaptedthenamePepsi.ThisluxurycarmakercombinedelementsfromtheFordandOldsmobilecompanieswhenitwasstartedin1902andlaterbecameknownforitsinnovationandhighquality.ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerAntoineLaumetdelaMotheCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.Companyco-founderGordonBowkerhassaidthatwhilebrainstormingnames,someonebroughtoutamapthatfeaturedtheoldminingtownofStarbo.ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.Notonlythecompanynamebutalsotheoriginofitslogohasarousedgreatcuriosity.TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,waslookingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.HesettledonRolexin1908.11.Whichcompanynamehasacloserelationshipwithliterature?A.Pepsi B.CadillacC.Starbucks D.Rolex12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.CalebBradhamaimedtocuredyspepsiawithPepsi.B.HansWilsdorfintendedRolextobeuniversallyaccepted.C.Cadillacwasnamedafterthefoundingfatherofthecompany.D.Starbuckswasusedduetotheco-founder’sloveforhishometown.13.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.A.afamouscompanynameiseasytospellB.aspecialstorycanmakeacompanyfamousC.acompanynameusuallyhasaspecialmeaninginitD.acompanynameisrelatedtothefounder’sprofession【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【分析】這是說明文。文章主要介紹了4所著名公司名字背后的故事?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Starbucks介紹中的第二句“ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.”可知，那可能讓他想起了赫爾曼·麥爾維爾的著作《白鯨記》中的第一個(gè)大副Starbuck。由此可見Starbuck的名字和文學(xué)作品有關(guān)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Rolex介紹中的第二句“Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.”可知，他想要一個(gè)容易說，能用不同語言表示，并且在手表上看起來不錯(cuò)的名字。由此可見，HansWilsdorf想要的名字應(yīng)該是讓人容易說，不同語言也可以表示它，這樣人們才能廣泛地接受。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。由全文內(nèi)容可知，Pepsi介紹中的最后一句“Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化),ordyspepsia,thetermfromwhichBradhamadaptedthenamePepsi.”，表示的是他聲稱這款飲料能幫助消化或者消化不良，從這個(gè)術(shù)語Bradham改編了這個(gè)名字Pepsi。Cadillac介紹中的最后一句“ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerAntoineLaumetdelaMotheCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.”表示的是這個(gè)公司是以法國探險(xiǎn)家AntonieLaumetDeLaMotheCadillac命名的，這位探險(xiǎn)家在1701年發(fā)現(xiàn)了底特律市。Starbucks介紹中的第二句“ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmateinHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.”表示的是那可能讓他想起了赫爾曼·麥爾維爾的著作《白鯨記》中的第一個(gè)大副Starbuck。Rolex介紹中的第二句“Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,workedindifferentlanguages,andlookedgoodonthewatches.”表示的是他想要一個(gè)容易說，能用不同語言表示，并且在手表上看起來不錯(cuò)的名字。由此可見，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意義，所以公司的名字通常有一個(gè)特殊的意義。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。BWhenIwassmall,mymotherandIwouldwalktoourlocallibraryinFranklinSquare.Aswedidn’talwayshaveaccesstoareliablecar,walkinghandinhandwasthemostconvenientwaytogetanywhere.ItwasatstorytimeforchildrenthatbothmymotherandImadelastingfriendships.Today,IamfortunatetolivearoundthecornerfromtheColdCoastPublicLibraryinGlenHeadandashortwalktotheSeaCliffChildren’sLibrary.My8-month-oldson,Colin,andIfindourselvesinSeaCliffseveraltimesaweek,meetingandmakingfriends.Well,thatiswhatmanypeopledon’tunderstand—alibraryismorethanbooks;it’sacommunity.Sure,thelibraryinFranklinSquarewastheplacewhereIwasintroducedtoJudyBlumenovels.ButitwasalsotheplacewhereIgotmyfirstemailaddressin1997.Atthelibrary,friendsandIlearnedhowtoresearchcollegesandsearchforscholarshipsontheInternet.Thelibrarywastheplacewherewesometimesgiggled(咯咯笑)tooloudly,andwherethelibrariansknewusbyname.Theirknowingournameswasn’tabadthing.WhenIcamehomefrommyfirsttermatBinghamtonUniversity,MaryLaRosa,thelibrarianattheFranklinSquarelibrary,offeredmemyfirstteachingjob.InowteachreadingatNassauCommunityCollege.Mystudentsareoftenamazedthattheycancheckoutbooksviatheirsmartphonesandvirtually(虛擬地)visitavarietyofLongIslandlibraries.TheappusedbyNassauandSuffolkcountypubliclibraries,aswellasthecollegelibrary,makestheirhomeworkeasierbyhelpingthemfindresources.Eventhoughtheycan’talwayseasilyvisittheirlocallibraries,thelibraryisalwayswiththem.14.Whydoestheauthorconsiderherselfluckytoday?A.Shecanwalkwithhermotherhandinhand.B.Shehasaccesstoareliablecarnow.C.Shecangiggleloudlyatthelibrary.D.Shelivesclosetolibraries.15.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2probablyreferto.A.socializinginalibraryB.readingbooksinalibraryC.visitingalibrarywithfamilymembersD.buildingparent-childfriendshipinalibrary16.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoherstudents’wayofvisitinglibraries?ASympathetic. B.Favorable.C.Sceptical. D.Disapproving.17.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto.A.recallthedaysofchildhoodinthelibrariesB.discussthedifferencesofthelibrariesC.explainthechangesofthelibrariesD.expressherloveforlibraries【答案】14.D15.A16.B17.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者通過陳訴自己的經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)出對圖書館的熱愛?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段Today,IamfortunatetolivearoundthecornerfromtheColdCoastPublicLibraryinGlenHeadandashortwalktotheSeaCliffChildren’sLibrary可知，作者住的地方離兩家圖書館都很近。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)that前面的內(nèi)容可知，作者和他兒子每周都會(huì)去幾趟圖書館，在那里和朋友見面以及交朋友。在that后的文章中，作者覺得圖書館不僅僅是書的地方而且還是個(gè)社區(qū)。綜合分析，that指代在圖書館社交。故選A項(xiàng)。【16題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者對學(xué)生們通過手機(jī)查看圖書館里頭的書籍表示驚訝。且最后表示，盡管他們不能總是輕松地訪問當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館，但圖書館總是與他們同在。綜合分析，作者對學(xué)生訪問圖書館的方式持支持態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】推理判斷題。分析全文，文章一開始回憶了作者小時(shí)候常和她的母親經(jīng)常去圖書館以及讀大學(xué)期間在圖書館的一些體驗(yàn)。同時(shí)，作者認(rèn)為她很幸運(yùn)因?yàn)閳D書館離家很近。且在作者看來，圖書館不僅僅是書。這是一個(gè)社區(qū)。通篇都在表達(dá)作者對圖書館的愛。故選D項(xiàng)。CInsomeislandsnorthofScotland,headlice,whichliveonthehairorskinofpeopleoranimals,wereapartoflife.Ifthelicelefttheirhost,hebecamesickandfeverish.Therefore,sickpeoplehadliceputintheirhairintentionally.Therewasamethodtotheirmadness:Assoonasthelicehadsettledinagain,thepatientimproved.Thestoryexplainstheconfusionofcauseandeffect.Iftheliceleavethesick,itisbecausehehasafeverandtheysimplygethotfeet.Whenthefeverbreaks,theyreturn.Wemaylaughatthisstory,butfalsecausalitymisleadsuspracticallyeveryday.Considertheheadline:“Fact:WomenWhoUseShampooXYZEveryDayHaveStrongerHair.”Thisstatementsaysverylittle—leastofall,thattheshampoomakesyourhairstronger.Itmightsimplybetheotherwayround:WomenwithstronghairtendtouseShampooXYZ—andperhapsthat’sbecauseitsays“especiallyforthickhair”onthebottle.Afurtherexample:Scientistsfoundthatlongperiodsinthehospitaldidharmtopatients.Thiswasmusictohealthinsurers’ears,who,ofcourse,arekeentomakestaysasbriefaspossible.But,clearly,patientswhoaredismissedimmediatelyarehealthierthanthosewhomuststayonfortreatment.RecentlyIreadthatstudentsgetbettergradesatschooliftheirhomescontainalotofbooks.Thisstudywassurelyashotinthearmforbooksellers,butitisalsoanexampleoffalsecausality.Thissimpletruthisthateducatedparentstendtovaluetheirchildren’seducationmorethanuneducatedonesdo.Plus,educatedparentsoftenhavemorebooksathome.Inshort,adust-coveredcopyofWarandPeacealoneisn’tgoingtoinfluenceanyone’sgrades;whatcountsisparents’educationlevels,aswellastheirgenes.Anotherexampleoffalsecausalitywasthesupposedrelationshipbetweenthebirthrateandthenumbersofstork(鸛)pairsinGermany.Bothwereindecline,andifyouplotthemonagraph,thetwolinesofdevelopmentfrom1965to1987appearedalmostthesame.Doesthismeanthestorkactuallydoesbringbabies?Obviouslynot,sincethiswasapurelyaccidentalconnection.Inconclusion:Connectionisnotcausality.Takeacloserlookatlinkedevents:Sometimeswhatispresentedasthecauseturnsouttobetheeffect,orjusttheotherwayaround.Andsometimesthereisnolinkatall—justlikewiththestorksandbabies.18.Whichisanexampleoffalsecausality?A.Womenwithstronghairtendtouseacertainshampoo.B.Birthrateandthestorkpopulationareconnected.C.Longerperiodsinthehospitalbenefitpatients.D.Licecanmakeapersonsickandfeverish.19.Theunderlinedphrase“ashotinthearm”inParagraph4means______.A.pain B.defeat C.guidance D.encouragement20.Accordingtotheauthor,studentsgetbettergradesprobablybecause______.A.theirhomesarefullofbooks B.theyhavereadWarandPeaceC.theireducatedparentsvalueeducation D.theirparentsaresuccessfulbooksellers21.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.A.connectionsarepureaccidents B.causeandeffectareinterdependentC.connectionsaremostlycauseandeffect D.linkedeventsmayturnouttobeunrelated【答案】18.B19.D20.C21.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文，主要討論了錯(cuò)誤因果關(guān)系（falsecausality）的概念，并通過多個(gè)例子來說明人們?nèi)绾稳菀资艿藉e(cuò)誤因果關(guān)系的影響。【18題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Obviouslynot,sincethiswasapurelyaccidentalconnection.(顯然不是，因?yàn)檫@只是一次純屬偶然的聯(lián)系。)”可知，作者并不認(rèn)為出生率和鸛的數(shù)量之間有因果關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“RecentlyIreadthatstudentsgetbettergradesatschooliftheirhomescontainalotofbooks.(最近我讀到，如果學(xué)生的家中有很多書，他們在學(xué)校就會(huì)取得更好的成績。)”可知，書越多孩子成績越好，這對各出版商來說是很好的事情，也就是一種鼓勵(lì)或激勵(lì)，故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thissimpletruthisthateducatedparentstendtovaluetheirchildren’seducationmorethanuneducatedonesdo.(這個(gè)簡單的事實(shí)是，受過教育的父母往往比沒有受過教育的父母更重視他們孩子的教育。)”，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生在學(xué)校獲得更好的成績可能是因?yàn)樗麄兊母改甘苓^教育，重視教育，并且家里有很多書。這表明教育水平和家庭環(huán)境對學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績有重要影響。故選C項(xiàng)。【21題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inconclusion:Connectionisnotcausality.Takeacloserlookatlinkedevents:Sometimeswhatispresentedasthecauseturnsouttobetheeffect,orjusttheotherwayaround.Andsometimesthereisnolinkatall—justlikewiththestorksandbabies.(總之：關(guān)聯(lián)不等于因果。仔細(xì)看看那些被聯(lián)系起來的事件：有時(shí)候被呈現(xiàn)為原因的實(shí)際上可能是結(jié)果，或者恰恰相反。有時(shí)候根本就沒有聯(lián)系——就像鸛和嬰兒的情況一樣。)”可知，連接不一定意味著因果關(guān)系，有時(shí)候所謂的原因可能是結(jié)果，或者兩者之間根本沒有聯(lián)系。故選D項(xiàng)。DWouldyouratherbeanimpressiveemployeeinanordinaryfirm,orlandaroleatthemostwell-knowncompanyinyourindustry?Theanswertothatquestionmightseemhighlypersonal,basedonfactorslikewhetherornotyouareacompetitivepersonandhowmuchyouenjoyachallenge.Infact,there’sanotherstrongfactoratplay:Peoplefromdifferentculturesreactverydifferentlytothatquestion.ThepsychologistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganaskedpeopletheoreticalquestionsaboutthedecisionstheytake.Specifically,theresearcherscomparedpeoplewithEastAsianbackgroundsandEuropeanAmericanbackgrounds.TheyfoundthatAmericansaremuchmorelikelytofavorbeingabigfishinasmallpond.EastAsians,andspecificallyChinesepeople,aremuchmorelikelythanAmericanstoleantowardsbeingasmallerfishinabiggerpond.Researchersfirstasked270studentsatalargeAmericanuniversitywhethertheywouldratherbea“bigfishinasmallpond”ortheopposite.OfthestudentswithEastAsianAmericanbackgrounds,threequarterssaidthey’dratherbeasmallfish,comparedwithjustunder60%ofstudentswithEuropeanAmericanbackgroundswhosaidthesame.TheresearchersthencomparedAmericanandChineseadults.Theyaskedtheparticipantswhethertheywouldratherattendatopuniversitybutperformbelowaverage,andwhethertheywouldratherworkforatopglobalcompanybutdolesswellincomparisontotheirpeers.OverhalftheChineseadultschosethefamousuniversity,comparedwithjustathirdofAmericans.Inthecaseofthefirms,welloverhalfofpeoplefrombothgroupschosetodobetteratalesswell-knownfirm,butChinesepeoplewerestillmorelikelytochoosebeinga“smallfish”thanwereAmericans.ThefinalexperimentsoughttodiscoverhowAmericanandChinesepeoplemadejudgmentsaboutwhethertheyweresucceeding.TheyfoundthatChinesepeopleweremorelikelytocomparetheirperformancetotheperformanceofpeopleinothergroups.Americans,meanwhile,weremorelikelytocomparethemselvestopeoplewithinthesamegroup,tojudgewhetherornottheyweredoingwell.InEastAsiancultures,it’s“notenoughthatyouknowyou’redoingwellinyourschool,”saidKaidiWu,aPhDstudentinpsychologywholedtheresearch.“Itismuchmoreimportantthatotherpeople—anoutsider,afamilyrelative,afutureemployerwhohasfivesecondstoglancethroughyourresume—alsorecognizeyouracademicexcellence.”Americaistheopposite:“Thinkabouthowmanytimesthemeslike‘Youareyourownperson’or‘Stopworryingaboutwhatotherpeoplethink’coursethroughsonglyricsandself-helpbooks,”Wusaid,concluding:“Thechoiceswemakearetheproductsofourculture.”22.ThepsychologistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganfindthat______.A.AmericanstendtoachievesuccessinabigcompanyB.ChinesearelikelytoperformbetterinabigcompanyC.AmericansprefertoshineinarelativelysmallcompanyD.Chinesearecomfortablewithworkinginasmallcompany23.Thefinalexperimentaimsto______.A.comparedifferentattitudestowardscompetition B.finddifferentviewsaboutpersonalsuccessC.judgeperformancesofdifferentgroups D.confirmwhichcultureisbetter24.AChinesestudentwillbemoresatisfiedifhegainsrecognitionfrom______.A.hisneighbors B.hisclassmates C.histeachers D.hisparents25.AccordingtoKaidiWu,culture______.A.playsakeyroleinpeople’schoicemaking B.showswhowegrowuptobeinthefutureC.isthemostimportantfactorbehindsuccess D.determinesstudents’academicperformance【答案】22.C23.B24.A25.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，主要探討了不同文化背景下人們對職業(yè)選擇的偏好差異，以及這些差異背后的文化因素?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheyfoundthatAmericansaremuchmorelikelytofavorbeingabigfishinasmallpond.EastAsians,andspecificallyChinesepeople,aremuchmorelikelythanAmericanstoleantowardsbeingasmallerfishinabiggerpond.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)美國人更傾向于在較小的公司中成為杰出員工，而東亞人，特別是中國人，更傾向于在更大的公司中成為普通員工。)”可知，美國人更喜歡在小公司里工作，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“ThefinalexperimentsoughttodiscoverhowAmericanandChinesepeoplemadejudgmentsaboutwhethertheyweresucceeding.(最后一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是探索美國人和中國人如何判斷自己是否成功。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國人更傾向于將自己的表現(xiàn)與其他人的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行比較，而美國人則更傾向于與同一組人比較。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Itismuchmoreimportantthatotherpeople—anoutsider,afamilyrelative,afutureemployerwhohasfivesecondstoglancethroughyourresume—alsorecognizeyouracademicexcellence.(更重要的是其他人——一個(gè)外人、家庭成員、只有五秒鐘時(shí)間瀏覽你簡歷的未來雇主——也能認(rèn)識到你的學(xué)術(shù)卓越。)”可知，從外人身上得到認(rèn)可更重要，所以鄰居是正確的，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thechoiceswemakearetheproductsofourculture.(我們的選擇是我們文化的產(chǎn)物。)”可知，文化在人們的決策過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowSmartphoneAddstoYourWeightUsingasmartphoneatmealtimescanleadtoanexpandingwaistline.Researchershavefoundthatmenandwomenconsumed15%morecalorieswhenlookingattheirphoneswhileeating.____26____Thegroundbreakingstudysuggeststhatstaringataphonescreenmaydistract(分心)dinnersfromhowmuchfoodandwhattheyareactuallyeating.“Itmaypreventthecorrectunderstandingofthebrainovertheamountoffoodingested,”saidresearcherswhofilmed62volunteerseatingalone.Thevolunteers,aged18to28,weredividedintothreegroupsandinvitedtohelpthemselvestoachoiceoffood—rangingfromhealthyoptionstosoftdrinksandchocolate—untiltheyweresatisfied.____27____Onaverage,thevolunteersate535calorieswithoutthedistractionofasmartphonebut591whenusingamobile.Thoseinthesamplewhowereclassedasoverweightate616calorieswhileusingtheirphones.Wheninpossessionoftheirmobiles,thevolunteersalsoconsumed10percentmorefattyfoods.____28____“Smartphoneuseduringamealincreasedcalorieandfatintake,”saidMárcioGilbertoZangeronimoa,aleadauthorofthestudy—carriedoutattheFederalUniversityofLavrasinBrazilandUniversityMedicalCenterUtrechtintheNetherlands.Headded:“Tabletsandsmartphoneshavebecomethemain‘distracters’duringmeals,evenearlyinchildhood.____29____Adistracterpreventsthebraincorrectlyunderstandingtheamountoffoodaccepted.”____30____Amoredetailedanalysiscanbefoundinthejournal.A.Theyalsoeatmorefattyfood.B.Theyalsoatemorewhenreadingamagazine.C.Distractedorhurriedeatingcanaddtoweightgain.D.ThestudyispublishedinPhysiologyAndBehavior.E.Itisimportanttopayattentiontohowthismayimpactfoodintakes.F.Hungerisn’ttheonlythingthatinfluenceshowmuchweeatduringtheday.G.Theywererecordedeatingwithnodistractions,usingasmartphoneorreadingamagazine.【答案】26.A27.G28.B29.E30.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹用餐期間使用手機(jī)會(huì)使人們分心，讓大腦無法正確判斷攝取的食物量，從而導(dǎo)致人們攝入更多的卡路里，增加體重?！?6題詳解】由上一句“Researchershavefoundthatmenandwomenconsumed15%morecalorieswhenlookingattheirphoneswhileeating.”可知，研究者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)男人和女人吃飯的時(shí)候看著手機(jī)，會(huì)攝入15%更多的卡路里。選項(xiàng)A“Theyalsoeatmorefattyfood.”表示的是他們也吃更多的油膩食物，they指代的是上一句“menandwomen”，eat和上一句的“consumed”相呼應(yīng)，morefattyfood和上一句的“15%morecalories”相呼應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)A符合語境。故選A。【27題詳解】由后一句“Onaverage,thevolunteersate535calorieswithoutthedistractionofasmartphonebut591whenusingamobile.”可知，平均下來，沒有使用手機(jī)分心的志愿者攝入535卡路里，單數(shù)當(dāng)使用手機(jī)的時(shí)候，攝入591卡路里。選項(xiàng)G“Theywererecordedeatingwithnodistractions,usingasmartphoneorreadingamagazine.”表示的是他們被按照沒有分散物，使用手機(jī)或者讀雜志進(jìn)行記錄食物攝入情況，“nodistractions”和后一句的“withoutthedistractionofasmartphone”相呼應(yīng)，“usingasmartphone”和后一句的“whenusingamobile”相呼應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)G符合語境。故選G?！?8題詳解】由前一句“Wheninpossessionoftheirmobiles,thevolunteersalsoconsumed10percentmorefattyfoods.”可知，當(dāng)專有他們的手機(jī)時(shí)候，這些志愿者也會(huì)攝入10%更多的油膩食物。選項(xiàng)B“Theyalsoatemorewhenreadingamagazine.”表示的是當(dāng)讀雜志的時(shí)候，他們也會(huì)吃的更多。They指代的前一句“thevolunteers”，alsoatemore和前一句的“alsoconsumed10percentmore”相呼應(yīng)，whenreadingamagazine和前一句的“Wheninpossessionoftheirmobiles”結(jié)構(gòu)相呼應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。故選B?！?9題詳解】由后一句“Adistracterpreventsthebraincorrectlyunderstandingtheamountoffoodaccepted.”可知，一個(gè)干擾物會(huì)阻止大腦正確地理解所攝取的食物數(shù)量。表示的是干擾物為什么會(huì)讓人攝取更多食物。選項(xiàng)E“Itisimportanttopayattentiontohowthismayimpactfoodintakes.”表示的是：關(guān)注這個(gè)干擾物可能是如何地影響食物攝取是非常重要的，由此可見，后一句是對選項(xiàng)E的解釋說明。故選E?！?0題詳解】由后一句“Amoredetailedanalysiscanbefoundinthejournal.”可知，一個(gè)更詳細(xì)的分析可以在該雜志看到。選項(xiàng)D“ThestudyispublishedinPhysiologyAndBehavior.”表示的是這個(gè)研究在《生理學(xué)與行為》雜志上發(fā)表。后一句中的“thejournal”指代的是選項(xiàng)D中的“PhysiologyAndBehavior”。后一句的“canbefound”和選項(xiàng)D中的“ispublished”相呼應(yīng)，后一句的“Amoredetailedanalysis”是對選項(xiàng)D中的“Thestudy”具體說明，選項(xiàng)D符合語境。故選D。IV.語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FrederickLawOlmstedwasbornonApril26,1822,andgrewtobecomenineteenth-centuryAmerica'snumberonelandscapearchitect.Tocreatethenewpark,partnersandOlmstedremovednearly5millioncubicyardsofdirt,___31___(blow)uprockwith260tonsofgunpowder,andplanted270,000treesandshrubs.___32___(work)wellintohisseventies,OlmsteddesignedmoreparksandevenanentireChicagosuburb,Riverside.Despitethebadeyesight,Olmstedled___33___(he)tocreatesuchbeautifulplaces.【答案】31.blew32.Working33.himself【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。介紹了19世紀(jì)美國首位景觀設(shè)計(jì)師FrederickLawOlmsted，盡管視力不好，但他創(chuàng)造了許多公園。為了創(chuàng)造新公園，他與伙伴移除院子，炸毀石頭，種植樹木和灌木?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：為了設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)新公園，Olmsted和伙伴移除了幾乎五百萬個(gè)充滿爛泥的立方形的院子，用260噸火藥炸毀了石頭，并且種植了270000棵樹和灌木。分析句子可知，blow與removed，planted作并列謂語，描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，故填blew。【32題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：七十多歲還能夠好好工作，Olmsted設(shè)計(jì)了更多的公園，甚至整個(gè)芝加哥的河畔郊區(qū)。分析句子可知，句子的謂語是designed，work用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作狀語，work與邏輯主語Olmsted是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填Working。【33題詳解】考查代詞。句意：盡管視力不好，Olmsted還是讓自己創(chuàng)造了這些美麗的地方。分析句子可知，主語和賓語指代同一人，賓語用反身代詞。故填himself。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。___34___wasneededwastomakestudentsawareoftheirlearningprocess.Onthesurface,aclassbeingtaughtbyPEELmethodsonlydiffe