必修3-unit4主語(yǔ)從句1

第頁(yè)主語(yǔ)從句【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】主語(yǔ)從句【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】熟練掌握不同連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】連接詞的使用、It作形式主語(yǔ)的常見句型【教學(xué)過程】●什么是主語(yǔ)從句：在主句中起主語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為主語(yǔ)從句。Eg:Ineedagoodmeal.(I是主語(yǔ)）WhatIneedisagoodmeal.（WhatIneed整句話作主語(yǔ)）●其連接代詞主要有三類：①?gòu)膶龠B詞：that,whether,if②連接代詞：who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever),what(ever),which(ever)③連接副詞：when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why▼that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句①that置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句從屬連詞that在主語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分，也沒有實(shí)際意義，只起連接作用?！鶷hathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.他要來(lái)參加會(huì)議這使我們每一個(gè)人都十分激動(dòng)?！鶷hatinsomecountrieswomenarestilltreatedunequallyisunfair.在一些國(guó)家婦女仍然受到不平等對(duì)待是不公平的。②形式主語(yǔ)it替代主語(yǔ)從句常見的it替代主語(yǔ)從句的句式主要有如下幾種：?It+be+形容詞（certain,clear,necessary,likely,obvious,probable,etc.)+that從句：→Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.很明確大多數(shù)農(nóng)民通過各種方式賺了很多錢。→Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.很可能明天會(huì)有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨。?.It+be+名詞性詞組（nowonder,anhonour,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that從句→Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.遺憾的是我們不能去?！鶬tisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我們隊(duì)獲勝不足為奇。?It+be+過去分詞（said,reported,thought,expected,announced,etc.)+that從句→Itisthoughtthathehasmademuchmoneybysellingcigarettes.人們認(rèn)為他靠賣香煙賺了很多錢。→Itisreportedthatthecoralreefs(珊瑚礁）arebeingdestroyed.據(jù)報(bào)道，珊瑚礁正遭受破壞。?It+seems/happens/happened等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式+that從句→ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.好像Alice根本就不會(huì)來(lái)參加聚會(huì)?！鶬tappearsthatwewon’tbelaidoffafterall.看起來(lái)我們根本就不會(huì)被解雇?！倦S即隨練】用以It作形式主語(yǔ)的句型翻譯一下句子（1）他可能告訴了她一切。Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.（2）吸煙危害健康，這是事實(shí)。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.（3）據(jù)說(shuō)格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（4）碰巧那天我不在。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.▼主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣（1）“Itis(was)+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣使用某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其表達(dá)形式為”should+動(dòng)詞原形’或者省去should，直接用動(dòng)詞原形?！癯Ｓ玫男稳菰~：natural/advisable/better/necessary/important/urgent/possible/desirable/strange●常用的過去分詞：required/demanded/requested/desired/suggested/recommended/orderedEg:①Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.我們有必要去散步。②Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求不能在此吸煙。③Itissuggestedthatadoctorshouldbesentforimmediately.建議馬上派人去叫醫(yī)生。Itis+名詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑等?！襁@類名詞有advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,motion,order,pity,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder.,Eg:Itismyproposalthathe(should)besenttostudyfurtherabroad.我建議派他去國(guó)外進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。Whatshetoldmeisnoneofyourbusiness.WhatIneedforthespringcleaningareapairofrubberglovesandsomeplasticbags.Whatshewantedfromhimarejustpromises.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whenandwherethefactorywillbebuilthasbeendecided.Whentheyhadthepartyandwheretheyhaditwereunknown.【隨堂練習(xí)】一、在橫線內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞1.Itisuncertainwhat/Howsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.2.Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.3.Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.4.How/Whenthishappenedisnotclear.5..Itisunknowntouswhyhewaslate..6.Whicheverofyoucomesfirstwillreceiveaprize.7.Whoeversaysthatisaliar.8.Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakessodifference.9..Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.10.Whomshetalkedwithisnotknowtous.二、完成句子（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子）1、Itisreportedthat（據(jù)報(bào)道）somepeoplestoleothers’moneybyATM.(report)2、WhetherhisparentswillbuyhimanewMP3(父母是否給他買一個(gè)新的MP3）Dependsonhisexamresults.(buy)3、Whosebagthatwas（那是誰(shuí)的包）wasnotknownatthattime.(bag)4、Whatmostpeopleneed（大多數(shù)人需要的）isacomfortableandeasylife.(need)【易混淆單詞】一、Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.生命究竟是怎樣起源的是科學(xué)家們覺得最難解決的問題之一。*puzzlen.&v.n.難題；難解之事；謎beinapuzzle不知如何是好?搭配be/feelpuzzledabout對(duì)……感到迷惑/迷惘的●Thesecomputersareapuzzletome.我搞不懂這些電腦。*辨析puzzle,question與problemEg:①Thisisquiteapuzzle.那真是個(gè)令人費(fèi)解的問題。②Pleaseanswermyquestion.請(qǐng)回答我的問題。③Wecan’tsolvethemathsproblem.我們解不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。析：puzzle指令人迷惑的、難以理解或回答的問題。question指主觀提出的需要回答或解決的問題，通常作ask,answer的賓語(yǔ)。Problem著重指難以解決（solve/settle)的“難題”或“問題”。vt.迷惑；使傷腦筋，使困惑?搭配puzzleout思索出；琢磨出……的答案Eg:Whathedidpuzzlemegreatly.他的作為使我深感迷惑不解。vi.苦思冥想；傷腦筋?搭配puzzleabout/over苦苦思索Ihavebeenpuzzlingaboutthisquestionforweeks.這個(gè)問題我冥思苦想好幾個(gè)星期了。Puzzlementn.困惑?拓展puzzledadj.困惑的；迷惑不解的（往往用于指人或人的表情、神色等）Puzzlingadj.令人困惑的；讓人不解的（往往指物）Eg:Thepuzzledlookonhisfacesuggestedthathewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingproblem.【隨即隨練】在下列橫線處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1.Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzle,fortheycannotunderstandinghowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.2.Thesituationismorepuzzlingthanever.I’mpuzzledaboutwhattodonext.3.Facingthepuzzlingsituationthesalesmanagerlookedpuzzled.二、Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它們也產(chǎn)卵，在地球上生存了1.4億多年。*layv.(laid,laid)下（蛋）；產(chǎn)（卵）Eg:Turtleslaytheireggsonthebeachatnight.海龜晚上在海灘上產(chǎn)卵。Areyouhenslayingwell?你家的母雞下蛋多嗎？攤開；涂；敷layAon/overB把A涂/敷在B上?搭配layBwithA用A把B涂/敷起來(lái)Eg:①Thegrapeswerelaidtodryonracks.葡萄被攤放在架子上晾干。②Thefloorwaslaidwithnewspaper.地板上鋪了報(bào)紙。(3)尤指輕輕地或小心地）放置；安放；擱?搭配laysb./sth.(down)on把某人/某物放在……上Eg:①Shelaidthebabydowngentlyontheroad.她把嬰兒輕輕地放在床上。②Helaidahandonmyarm.他把手搭在我的胳膊上。laysth.aside把某物放在一邊/擱置一旁laysth.down放下，停止使用?拓展laysth.in貯備/貯存某物laysb.off解雇某人layoffsth.停止使用某物?辨析lie,lie與lay原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞義用法lieliedliedlying說(shuō)謊不及物動(dòng)詞lielaylainlying躺；位于不及物動(dòng)詞laylaidlaidlaying放置；下（蛋）及物動(dòng)詞Eg:①Youcanlaythestrawagainstthewall.你可以把草靠墻放。②Howcanyoutellalietome?你怎么能跟我撒謊呢？③Helaytherefortwohours.他在那里躺了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。④Myschoolliesinthecenterofthecity.我的學(xué)校位于城市的中央?！厩蓪W(xué)活用】選詞填空：lie/lay（1）Therelay/liesanoldtempleinthenorthofthevillage.（2）Motherlaidthebabygentlyonthebedandleft.（3）Heliedtohisparents,whichmadethemquiteangry.（4）Hefelttired,sohewentandlaydownforarest.（5）Momwasbusypreparingdinner,sosheaskedJohntolaythetable.（6）Theboylyingonthegroundliedthathehadlaidthebookonthedesk.三、Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.這些動(dòng)物不同于過去所有的生命形式，因?yàn)樗鼈儺a(chǎn)下幼崽并給幼崽哺乳。*givebirthto(1)生；分娩（后接sb.)Eg:Marygavebirthtoabeautifulbabygirlthedaybeforeyesterday.前天，瑪麗生了一個(gè)漂亮的女嬰。孕育；使產(chǎn)生Eg:Itwasthestudyofhistorythatgavebirthtosocialscience.對(duì)歷史的研究孕育了社會(huì)科學(xué)。?①atbirth出生時(shí)②bybirth出身；在血統(tǒng)上③ofno/goodbirth出身低微/好的?辨析givebirthto與bebornEg:①Howmanychildrendidshegivebirthto?她生了多少個(gè)孩子？析：“生下，生產(chǎn)”的意思，其賓語(yǔ)是表示幼畜或嬰兒的詞語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)只能是表示雌性的詞語(yǔ)；有時(shí)也作“使……誕生”講。②Nooneknowswhenthegirlwasborn.沒人知道這個(gè)女孩是何時(shí)生的。析：“出生”的意思，其主語(yǔ)通常只能是表示被生下來(lái)的人或動(dòng)物。例：TheChinesenationhasAmanynationalheroesandrevolutionaryleaders.A.givenbirthtoB.givepraiseforC.givenarewardtoD.keeprecordsof【課后作業(yè)】一、填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞1.Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.2..Whetheryougoorstayathomewon’tmakeanydifference.3.Ithasbeenfoundoutthatholdingacellphoneagainstyourearorstoringitinyourpocketmaybeharmfultoyourhealth.4.Whoevercomeswillbewelcomedtotheopen-airconcert.5.Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.6.Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.7.Whatsomepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.8.Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.9.What/Whate