《安全員》課件-02高處作業(yè)安全技術要求

《安全員》TheSecurity第二節(jié)高處作業(yè)安全技術要求Section2SafetyTechnicalRequirementsforHighAltitudeOperations（1）高處作業(yè)的安全技術措施及其所需料具，必須列入工程的施工組織設計。(1)Thesafetytechnicalmeasuresandrequiredmaterialsandtoolsforhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproject.（3）高處作業(yè)中的安全標志、工具、儀表、電氣設施和各種設備，必須在施工前加以檢查，確認其完好，方能投入使用。(3)Safetysigns,tools,instruments,electricalfacilities,andvariousequipmentusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeinspectedandconfirmedtobeingoodconditionbeforetheycanbeputintouse.（2）單位工程施工負責人應對工程的高處作業(yè)安全技術負責并建立相應的責任制。施工前，應逐級進行安全技術教育及交底，落實所有安全技術措施和人身防護用品，未經落實時不得進行施工。(2)Thepersoninchargeofunitengineeringconstructionshallberesponsibleforthesafetytechnologyofhigh-altitudeoperationsintheprojectandestablishacorrespondingresponsibilitysystem.Beforeconstruction,safetytechnicaleducationanddisclosureshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep,andallsafetytechnicalmeasuresandpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbeimplemented.Constructionshouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutapproval.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（1）高處作業(yè)的安全技術措施及其所需料具，必須列入工程的施工組織設計。(1)Thesafetytechnicalmeasuresandrequiredmaterialsandtoolsforhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproject.（3）高處作業(yè)中的安全標志、工具、儀表、電氣設施和各種設備，必須在施工前加以檢查，確認其完好，方能投入使用。(3)Safetysigns,tools,instruments,electricalfacilities,andvariousequipmentusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeinspectedandconfirmedtobeingoodconditionbeforetheycanbeputintouse.（2）單位工程施工負責人應對工程的高處作業(yè)安全技術負責并建立相應的責任制。施工前，應逐級進行安全技術教育及交底，落實所有安全技術措施和人身防護用品，未經落實時不得進行施工。(2)Thepersoninchargeofunitengineeringconstructionshallberesponsibleforthesafetytechnologyofhigh-altitudeoperationsintheprojectandestablishacorrespondingresponsibilitysystem.Beforeconstruction,safetytechnicaleducationanddisclosureshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep,andallsafetytechnicalmeasuresandpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbeimplemented.Constructionshouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutapproval.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（1）高處作業(yè)的安全技術措施及其所需料具，必須列入工程的施工組織設計。(1)Thesafetytechnicalmeasuresandrequiredmaterialsandtoolsforhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeincludedintheconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproject.（3）高處作業(yè)中的安全標志、工具、儀表、電氣設施和各種設備，必須在施工前加以檢查，確認其完好，方能投入使用。(3)Safetysigns,tools,instruments,electricalfacilities,andvariousequipmentusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsmustbeinspectedandconfirmedtobeingoodconditionbeforetheycanbeputintouse.（2）單位工程施工負責人應對工程的高處作業(yè)安全技術負責并建立相應的責任制。施工前，應逐級進行安全技術教育及交底，落實所有安全技術措施和人身防護用品，未經落實時不得進行施工。(2)Thepersoninchargeofunitengineeringconstructionshallberesponsibleforthesafetytechnologyofhigh-altitudeoperationsintheprojectandestablishacorrespondingresponsibilitysystem.Beforeconstruction,safetytechnicaleducationanddisclosureshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep,andallsafetytechnicalmeasuresandpersonalprotectiveequipmentshouldbeimplemented.Constructionshouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutapproval.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（4）攀登和懸空高處作業(yè)人員及搭設高處作業(yè)安全設施的人員，必須經過專業(yè)技術培訓及專業(yè)考試合格，持證上崗，并必須定期進行體格檢查。(4)Climbingandhanginghighplaceoperatorsandthosewhoerectsafetyfacilitiesforhighplaceoperationsmustreceiveprofessionaltechnicaltrainingandpassprofessionalexaminations,takeuptheirpostswithcertificates,andmustundergoregularphysicalexamination.（6）施工作業(yè)場所有墜落可能的物件，應一律先行撤除或加以固定。(6)Allpotentialfallingobjectsontheconstructionsiteshouldberemovedorfixedfirst.（5）施工中對高處作業(yè)的安全技術設施，發(fā)現(xiàn)有缺陷和隱患時，必須及時解決；危及人身安全時，必須停止作業(yè)。(5)Whendefectsandhiddendangersarefoundinthesafetytechnicalfacilitiesforhigh-altitudeoperationsduringconstruction,theymustbepromptlyresolved;Whenendangeringpersonalsafety,operationsmustbestopped.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（4）攀登和懸空高處作業(yè)人員及搭設高處作業(yè)安全設施的人員，必須經過專業(yè)技術培訓及專業(yè)考試合格，持證上崗，并必須定期進行體格檢查。(4)Climbingandhanginghighplaceoperatorsandthosewhoerectsafetyfacilitiesforhighplaceoperationsmustreceiveprofessionaltechnicaltrainingandpassprofessionalexaminations,takeuptheirpostswithcertificates,andmustundergoregularphysicalexamination.（6）施工作業(yè)場所有墜落可能的物件，應一律先行撤除或加以固定。(6)Allpotentialfallingobjectsontheconstructionsiteshouldberemovedorfixedfirst.（5）施工中對高處作業(yè)的安全技術設施，發(fā)現(xiàn)有缺陷和隱患時，必須及時解決；危及人身安全時，必須停止作業(yè)。(5)Whendefectsandhiddendangersarefoundinthesafetytechnicalfacilitiesforhigh-altitudeoperationsduringconstruction,theymustbepromptlyresolved;Whenendangeringpersonalsafety,operationsmustbestopped.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（4）攀登和懸空高處作業(yè)人員及搭設高處作業(yè)安全設施的人員，必須經過專業(yè)技術培訓及專業(yè)考試合格，持證上崗，并必須定期進行體格檢查。(4)Climbingandhanginghighplaceoperatorsandthosewhoerectsafetyfacilitiesforhighplaceoperationsmustreceiveprofessionaltechnicaltrainingandpassprofessionalexaminations,takeuptheirpostswithcertificates,andmustundergoregularphysicalexamination.（6）施工作業(yè)場所有墜落可能的物件，應一律先行撤除或加以固定。(6)Allpotentialfallingobjectsontheconstructionsiteshouldberemovedorfixedfirst.（5）施工中對高處作業(yè)的安全技術設施，發(fā)現(xiàn)有缺陷和隱患時，必須及時解決；危及人身安全時，必須停止作業(yè)。(5)Whendefectsandhiddendangersarefoundinthesafetytechnicalfacilitiesforhigh-altitudeoperationsduringconstruction,theymustbepromptlyresolved;Whenendangeringpersonalsafety,operationsmustbestopped.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions高處作業(yè)中所用的物料，均應堆放平穩(wěn)，不妨礙通行和裝卸。工具應隨手放入工具袋；作業(yè)中的走道、通道板和登高用具，應隨時清掃干凈；拆卸下的物件及余料和廢料均應及時清理運走，不得任意亂置或向下丟棄。傳遞物件禁止拋擲。Materialsusedinhigh-altitudeoperationsshouldbestackedsteadilyandnotobstructpassageandloadingandunloading.Toolsshouldbeeasilyplacedinthetoolbag;Thewalkways,passageboards,andclimbingequipmentduringhomeworkshouldbecleanedatalltimes;Thedismantledobjects,surplusmaterials,andwastematerialsshouldbepromptlycleanedandtransportedaway,andshouldnotbearbitrarilyplacedordiscardeddownwards.Itisprohibitedtothrowobjectsduringtransmission.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（7）雨天和雪天進行高處作業(yè)時，必須采取可靠的防滑、防寒和防凍措施。凡水、冰、霜、雪均應及時清除。(7)Whenconductinghigh-altitudeoperationsonrainyandsnowydays,reliableantislip,cold,andfreezingmeasuresmustbetaken.Allwater,ice,frost,andsnowshouldbepromptlyremoved.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions對進行高處作業(yè)的高聳建筑物，應事先設置避雷設施。遇有六級以上強風、濃霧等惡劣氣候，不得進行露天攀登與懸空高處作業(yè)。暴風雪及臺風暴雨后，應對高處作業(yè)安全設施逐一加以檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)有松動、變形、損壞或脫落等現(xiàn)象，應立即修理完善。Forhigh-risebuildingsconductinghigh-altitudeoperations,lightningprotectionfacilitiesshouldbeinstalledinadvance.Incaseofsevereweatherconditionssuchasstrongwindsofforcesixorabove,densefog,etc.,outdoorclimbingandsuspendedhigh-altitudeoperationsarenotallowed.Aftersnowstormandtyphoon,thesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecheckedonebyone,andanylooseness,deformation,damageorfallingoffshallberepairedandimprovedimmediately.（8）因作業(yè)必需臨時拆除或變動安全防護設施時，必須經施工負責人同意，并采取相應的可靠措施，作業(yè)后應立即恢復。(8)Whenitisnecessarytotemporarilydismantleorchangesafetyprotectionfacilitiesduetowork,theconsentoftheconstructionleadermustbeobtained,andcorrespondingreliablemeasuresmustbetaken.Afterthework,itshouldbeimmediatelyrestored.（10）高處作業(yè)安全設施的主要受力桿件，力學計算按一般結構力學公式，強度及撓度計算按現(xiàn)行有關規(guī)范進行，但鋼受彎構件的強度計算不考慮塑性影響，構造上應符合現(xiàn)行的相應規(guī)范的要求。(10)Themechanicalcalculationofthemainload-bearingbarsofthesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothegeneralStructuralmechanicsformula,andthestrengthanddeflectioncalculationshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothecurrentrelevantspecifications,butthestrengthcalculationofthesteelflexuralmembersshallnotconsidertheplasticeffect,andthestructureshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentcorrespondingspecifications.（9）防護棚搭設與拆除時，應設警戒區(qū)，并應派專人監(jiān)護。嚴禁上下同時拆除。(9)Whensettingupanddismantlingprotectivesheds,awarningareashouldbesetupandadedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtosupervise.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtodismantlebothupanddownsimultaneously.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（8）因作業(yè)必需臨時拆除或變動安全防護設施時，必須經施工負責人同意，并采取相應的可靠措施，作業(yè)后應立即恢復。(8)Whenitisnecessarytotemporarilydismantleorchangesafetyprotectionfacilitiesduetowork,theconsentoftheconstructionleadermustbeobtained,andcorrespondingreliablemeasuresmustbetaken.Afterthework,itshouldbeimmediatelyrestored.（10）高處作業(yè)安全設施的主要受力桿件，力學計算按一般結構力學公式，強度及撓度計算按現(xiàn)行有關規(guī)范進行，但鋼受彎構件的強度計算不考慮塑性影響，構造上應符合現(xiàn)行的相應規(guī)范的要求。(10)Themechanicalcalculationofthemainload-bearingbarsofthesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothegeneralStructuralmechanicsformula,andthestrengthanddeflectioncalculationshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothecurrentrelevantspecifications,butthestrengthcalculationofthesteelflexuralmembersshallnotconsidertheplasticeffect,andthestructureshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentcorrespondingspecifications.（9）防護棚搭設與拆除時，應設警戒區(qū)，并應派專人監(jiān)護。嚴禁上下同時拆除。(9)Whensettingupanddismantlingprotectivesheds,awarningareashouldbesetupandadedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtosupervise.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtodismantlebothupanddownsimultaneously.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（8）因作業(yè)必需臨時拆除或變動安全防護設施時，必須經施工負責人同意，并采取相應的可靠措施，作業(yè)后應立即恢復。(8)Whenitisnecessarytotemporarilydismantleorchangesafetyprotectionfacilitiesduetowork,theconsentoftheconstructionleadermustbeobtained,andcorrespondingreliablemeasuresmustbetaken.Afterthework,itshouldbeimmediatelyrestored.（10）高處作業(yè)安全設施的主要受力桿件，力學計算按一般結構力學公式，強度及撓度計算按現(xiàn)行有關規(guī)范進行，但鋼受彎構件的強度計算不考慮塑性影響，構造上應符合現(xiàn)行的相應規(guī)范的要求。(10)Themechanicalcalculationofthemainload-bearingbarsofthesafetyfacilitiesforworkatheightsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothegeneralStructuralmechanicsformula,andthestrengthanddeflectioncalculationshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothecurrentrelevantspecifications,butthestrengthcalculationofthesteelflexuralmembersshallnotconsidertheplasticeffect,andthestructureshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentcorrespondingspecifications.（9）防護棚搭設與拆除時，應設警戒區(qū)，并應派專人監(jiān)護。嚴禁上下同時拆除。(9)Whensettingupanddismantlingprotectivesheds,awarningareashouldbesetupandadedicatedpersonshouldbeassignedtosupervise.Itisstrictlyprohibitedtodismantlebothupanddownsimultaneously.一、基本規(guī)定I.Basicprovisions（1）基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺周邊，雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設置防護欄桿。(1)Protectiverailingsmustbeprovidedaroundtheperimeterofthepit,aroundbalconies,materialplatformsandpicketplatformswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotbeeninstalled,aroundcanopiesandeaves,aroundroofsandfloorswithoutexternalhandrailsandaroundwatertanksandtowers.（3）分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時護欄。頂層樓梯口應隨工程結構進度安裝正式防護欄桿。(3)Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledatthestaircaseentrancesandflightedgesduringlayeredconstruction.Thetopstaircaseshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsastheengineeringstructureprogresses.（2）頭層墻高度超過3.2m的二層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m的樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設安全平網一道。(2)Asafetynetmustbeinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthesecondfloorwheretheheightofthefirstfloorwallexceeds3.2m,andaroundtheperimeterofthefloorwheretherearenoexternalscaffoldingandtheheightexceeds3.2m.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（1）基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺周邊，雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設置防護欄桿。(1)Protectiverailingsmustbeprovidedaroundtheperimeterofthepit,aroundbalconies,materialplatformsandpicketplatformswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotbeeninstalled,aroundcanopiesandeaves,aroundroofsandfloorswithoutexternalhandrailsandaroundwatertanksandtowers.（3）分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時護欄。頂層樓梯口應隨工程結構進度安裝正式防護欄桿。(3)Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledatthestaircaseentrancesandflightedgesduringlayeredconstruction.Thetopstaircaseshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsastheengineeringstructureprogresses.（2）頭層墻高度超過3.2m的二層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m的樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設安全平網一道。(2)Asafetynetmustbeinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthesecondfloorwheretheheightofthefirstfloorwallexceeds3.2m,andaroundtheperimeterofthefloorwheretherearenoexternalscaffoldingandtheheightexceeds3.2m.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（1）基坑周邊，尚未安裝欄桿或欄板的陽臺、料臺與挑平臺周邊，雨篷與挑檐邊，無外腳手的屋面與樓層周邊及水箱與水塔周邊等處，都必須設置防護欄桿。(1)Protectiverailingsmustbeprovidedaroundtheperimeterofthepit,aroundbalconies,materialplatformsandpicketplatformswhererailingsorbalustradeshavenotbeeninstalled,aroundcanopiesandeaves,aroundroofsandfloorswithoutexternalhandrailsandaroundwatertanksandtowers.（3）分層施工的樓梯口和梯段邊，必須安裝臨時護欄。頂層樓梯口應隨工程結構進度安裝正式防護欄桿。(3)Temporaryguardrailsmustbeinstalledatthestaircaseentrancesandflightedgesduringlayeredconstruction.Thetopstaircaseshouldbeequippedwithformalprotectiverailingsastheengineeringstructureprogresses.（2）頭層墻高度超過3.2m的二層樓面周邊，以及無外腳手的高度超過3.2m的樓層周邊，必須在外圍架設安全平網一道。(2)Asafetynetmustbeinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthesecondfloorwheretheheightofthefirstfloorwallexceeds3.2m,andaroundtheperimeterofthefloorwheretherearenoexternalscaffoldingandtheheightexceeds3.2m.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（4）井架與施工用電梯和腳手架等與建筑物通道的兩側邊，必須設防護欄桿。地面通道上部應裝設安全防護棚。雙籠井架通道中間，應予分隔封閉。(4)Thesidesofthederricksandconstructionliftsandscaffolding,etc.andbuildingaccessmustbeequippedwithprotectiverailings.Theupperpartofthegroundchannelshouldbeequippedwithasafetyshed.Themiddleofthepassageofthedoublecagederrickshallbeseparatedandclosed.（5）各種垂直運輸接料平臺，除兩側設防護欄桿外，平臺口還應設置安全門或活動防護欄桿。(5)Variousverticaltransportationandmaterialreceivingplatformsshouldbeequippedwithsafetydoorsormovableprotectiverailingsattheplatformentrance,inadditiontoprotectiveguardrailsonbothsides.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（4）井架與施工用電梯和腳手架等與建筑物通道的兩側邊，必須設防護欄桿。地面通道上部應裝設安全防護棚。雙籠井架通道中間，應予分隔封閉。(4)Thesidesofthederricksandconstructionliftsandscaffolding,etc.andbuildingaccessmustbeequippedwithprotectiverailings.Theupperpartofthegroundchannelshouldbeequippedwithasafetyshed.Themiddleofthepassageofthedoublecagederrickshallbeseparatedandclosed.（5）各種垂直運輸接料平臺，除兩側設防護欄桿外，平臺口還應設置安全門或活動防護欄桿。(5)Variousverticaltransportationandmaterialreceivingplatformsshouldbeequippedwithsafetydoorsormovableprotectiverailingsattheplatformentrance,inadditiontoprotectiveguardrailsonbothsides.二、臨邊與洞口作業(yè)的安全防護2、Safetyprotectionforedgeandportaloperations1.臨邊作業(yè)1.Edgeoperation對臨邊高處作業(yè)，必須設置防護措施，并符合下列規(guī)定：Forhigh-altitudeoperationsneartheedge,protectivemeasuresmustbesetupandcomplywiththefollowingregulations:臨邊防護欄桿桿件的規(guī)格及連接要求，應符合下列規(guī)定：Thespecificationsandconnectionrequirementsoftheedgeprotectionrailingpostsshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:1）毛竹橫桿小頭有效直徑不應小于70mm，欄桿柱小頭直徑不應小于80mm，并須用不小于16號的鍍鋅鋼絲綁扎，不應少于3圈，并無瀉滑。1)Theeffectivediameterofthesmallendofthebamboocrossbarshouldnotbelessthan70mm,andthediameterofthesmallendoftherailingcolumnshouldnotbelessthan80mm.Itmustbeboundwithgalvanizedsteelwireofnolessthan16gauge,andshouldnotbelessthan3turns,withoutanyslipping.2）原木橫桿上桿梢徑不應小于70mm，下桿稍徑不應小于60mm，欄桿柱梢徑不應小于75mm.并須用相應長度的圓釘釘緊，或用不小于12號的鍍鋅鋼絲綁扎，要求表面平順和穩(wěn)固無動搖。2)Thetopdiameterofthelogcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan70mm,thelowerdiametershouldnotbelessthan60mm,andthetopdiameteroftherailingcolumnshouldnotbelessthan75mm.Itmustbenailedtightlywithcorrespondinglengthcircularnailsortiedwithgalvanizedsteelwireofnolessthan12gauge,andthesurfaceshouldbesmoothandstablewithoutshaking.3）鋼筋橫桿上桿直徑不應小于16mm，下桿直徑不應小于14mm。鋼管橫桿及欄桿柱直徑不應小于18mm，采用電焊或鍍鋅鋼絲綁孔固定。3)Thediameteroftheupperbarofthesteelbarcrossbarshouldnotbelessthan16mm,andthediameterofthelowerbarshouldnotbelessthan14mm.Thediameterofthesteelpipecrossbarandrailingcolumnshouldnotbelessthan18mm,andtheyshouldbefixedwithelectricweldingorgalvanizedsteelwirebindingholes.（1）板與墻的洞口，必須設置牢固的蓋板、防護欄桿、安全網或其他防墜落的防護設施。(1)Holesinslabsandwallsmustbeprovidedwithsolidcovers,protectiverailings,safetynetsorotherprotectivefacilitiesagainstfalls.（3）鋼管樁、鉆孔樁等樁孔上口，杯形、條形基礎上口，未填土的坑槽，以及人孔、天窗、地板門等處，均應按洞口防護設置穩(wěn)固的蓋件。(3)Steelpipepiles,boredpilesandotherpileopenings,cupandstripfoundationopenings,unfilledpits,aswellasmanholes,skylightsandfloordoorsshouldbeprotectedwithasolidcoveraccordingtotheopening.（2）電梯井口必須設防護欄桿或固定柵門；電梯井內應每隔兩層并最多隔10m設一道安全網。(2)Liftshaftopeningsshallbeprovidedwithprotectiverailingsorfixedgates;asafetynetshallbeprovidedintheliftshaftatintervalsoftwofloorsandatamaximumof10m.2.洞口作業(yè)2.Cavework進行洞口作業(yè)以及在因工程和工序需要而產生的，使人與物有墜落危險或危及人身安全的其他洞口進行高處作業(yè)時，必須按下列規(guī)定設置防護設施：Whencarryingoutcavityworkandotherelevatedworkincavitiesthatarisefromtheneedsoftheworksandprocessesandthatputpeopleandobjectsatriskoffallingorendangerpersonalsafety,protectivefacilitiesmustbeprovidedinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:（1）板與墻的洞口，必須設置牢固的蓋板、防護欄桿、安全網或其他防墜落的防護設施。(1)Holesinslabsandwallsmustbeprovidedwithsolidcovers,protectiverailings,safetynetsorotherprotectivefacilitiesagainstfalls.（3）鋼管樁、鉆孔樁等樁孔上口，杯形、條形基礎上口，未填土的坑槽，以及人孔、天窗、地板門等處，均應按洞口防護設置穩(wěn)固的蓋件。(3)Steelpipepiles,boredpilesandotherpileopenings,cupandstripfoundationopenings,unfilledpits,aswellasmanholes,skylightsandfloordoorsshouldbeprotectedwithasolidcoveraccordingtotheopening.（2）電梯井口必須設防護欄桿或固定柵門；電梯井內應每隔兩層并最多隔10m設一道安全網。(2)Liftshaftopeningsshallbeprovidedwithprotectiverailingsorfixedgates;asafetynetshallbeprovidedintheliftshaftatintervalsoftwofloorsandatamaximumof10m.2.洞口作業(yè)2.Cavework進行洞口作業(yè)以及在因工程和工序需要而產生的，使人與物有墜落危險或危及人身安全的其他洞口進行高處作業(yè)時，必須按下列規(guī)定設置防護設施：Whencarryingoutcavityworkandotherelevatedworkincavitiesthatarisefromtheneedsoftheworksandprocessesandthatputpeopleandobjectsatriskoffallingorendangerpersonalsafety,protectivefacilitiesmustbeprovidedinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:（1）板與墻的洞口，必須設置牢固的蓋板、防護欄桿、安全網或其他防墜落的防護設施。(1)Holesinslabsandwallsmustbeprovidedwithsolidcovers,protectiverailings,safetynetsorotherprotectivefacilitiesagainstfalls.（3）鋼管樁、鉆孔樁等樁孔上口，杯形、條形基礎上口，未填土的坑槽，以及人孔、天窗、地板門等處，均應按洞口防護設置穩(wěn)固的蓋件。(3)Steelpipepiles,boredpilesandotherpileopenings,cupandstripfoundationopenings,unfilledpits,aswellasmanholes,skylightsandfloordoorsshouldbeprotectedwithasolidcoveraccordingtotheopening.（2）電梯井口必須設防護欄桿或固定柵門；電梯井內應每隔兩層并最多隔10m設一道安全網。(2)Liftshaftopeningsshallbeprovidedwithprotectiverailingsorfixedgates;asafetynetshallbeprovidedintheliftshaftatintervalsoftwofloorsandatamaximumof10m.2.洞口作業(yè)2.Cavework進行洞口作業(yè)以及在因工程和工序需要而產生的，使人與物有墜落危險或危及人身安全的其他洞口進行高處作業(yè)時，必須按下列規(guī)定設置防護設施：Whencarryingoutcavityworkandotherelevatedworkincavitiesthatarisefromtheneedsoftheworksandprocessesandthatputpeopleandobjectsatriskoffallingorendangerpersonalsafety,protectivefacilitiesmustbeprovidedinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:（1）在施工組織設計中應確定用于現(xiàn)場施工的登高和攀登設施?，F(xiàn)場登高應借助建筑結構或腳手架上的登高設施，也可采用載人的垂直運輸設備。進行攀登作業(yè)時可使用梯子或采用其他攀登設施。(1)Theconstructionorganisationdesignshouldidentifytheclimbingandascentfacilitiesforon-siteconstruction.On-siteclimbingshouldbecarriedoutwiththeaidofclimbingfacilitiesonthebuildingstructureorscaffolding,andverticaltransportequipmentcarryingpeoplemayalsobeused.Laddersorotherclimbingfacilitiesmaybeusedwhenclimbingoperationsarecarriedout.（2）柱、梁和行車梁等構件吊裝所需的直爬梯及其他登高用拉攀件，應在構件施工圖或說明內作出規(guī)定。(2)Straightclimbingladdersandotherclimbingdevicesforthehoistingofelementssuchascolumns,beamsandtravellingbeamsshallbespecifiedintheconstructiondrawingsorinstructionsfortheelements.三、攀登與懸空作業(yè)的安全防護3.Safetyprotectionforclimbingandsuspendedoperations1.攀登作業(yè)安全防護1.Safetyprotectionforclimbingoperations（1）在施工組織設計中應確定用于現(xiàn)場施工的登高和攀登設施?，F(xiàn)場登高應借助建筑結構或腳手架上的登高設施，也可采用載人的垂直運輸設備。進行攀登作業(yè)時可使用梯子或采用其他攀登設施。(1)Theconstructionorganisationdesignshouldidentifytheclimbingandascentfacilitiesforon-siteconstruction.On-siteclimbingshouldbecarriedoutwiththeaidofclimbingfacilitiesonthebuildingstructureorscaffolding,andverticaltransportequipmentcarryingpeoplemayalsobeused.Laddersorotherclimbingfacilitiesmaybeusedwhenclimbingoperationsarecarriedout.（2）柱、梁和行車梁等構件吊裝所需的直爬梯及其他登高用拉攀件，應在構件施工圖或說明內作出規(guī)定。(2)Straightclimbingladdersandotherclimbingdevicesforthehoistingofelementssuchascolumns,beamsandtravellingbeamsshallbespecifiedintheconstructiondrawingsorinstructionsfortheelements.三、攀登與懸空作業(yè)的安全防護3.Safetyprotectionforclimbingandsuspendedoperations1.攀登作業(yè)安全防護1.Safetyprotectionforclimbingoperations（3）攀登的用具，結構構造上必須牢固可靠。供人上下的踏板其使用荷載不應大于1100N。當梯面上有特殊作業(yè)，重量超過上述荷載時，應按實際情況加以驗算。(3)Climbingapparatusshallbestructurallysoundandreliable.Theloadofthetreadsforpeoplegoingupanddownshallnotbegreaterthan1100N.Whentherearespecialoperationsontheladdersurfaceandtheweightexceedstheabove-mentionedload,itshallbetestedaccordingtotheactualsituation.（5）梯腳底部應堅實，不得墊高使用。梯子的上端應有固定措施。立梯工作角度以75°±5°為宜，踏板上下間距以30cm為宜，不得有缺檔。(5)Thebottomoftheladderfeetshallbesolidandshallnotbeusedatahighlevel.Theupperendoftheladdershallbefixed.Theworkingangleoftheverticalladdershallbe75°±5°,andthespacingbetweentheupperandlowertreadsshallbe30cm,andthereshallbenomissingfile.（4）移動式梯子，均應按現(xiàn)行的國家標準驗收其質量。(4)Allmobileladdersshallbeinspectedandacceptedforqualityaccordingtothecurrentnationalstandards.三、攀登與懸空作業(yè)的安全防護3.Safetyprotectionforclimbingandsuspendedoperations1.攀登作業(yè)安全防護1.Safetyprotectionforclimbingoperations（3）攀登的用具，結構構造上必須牢固可靠。供人上下的踏板其使用荷載不應大于1100N。當梯面上有特殊作業(yè)，重量超過上述荷載時，應按實際情況加以驗算。(3)Climbingapparatusshallbestructurallysoundandreliable.Theloadofthetreadsforpeoplegoingupanddownshallnotbegreaterthan1100N.Whentherearespecialoperationsontheladdersurfaceandtheweightexceedstheabove-mentionedload,itshallbetestedaccordingtotheactualsituation.（5）梯腳底部應堅實，不得墊高使用。梯子的上端應有固定措施。立梯工作角度以75°±5°為宜，踏板上下間距以30cm為宜，不得有缺檔。(5)Thebottomoftheladderfeetshallbesolidandshallnotbeusedatahighlevel.Theupperendoftheladdershallbefixed.Theworkingangleoftheverticalladdershallbe75°±5°,andthespacingbetweentheupperandlowertreadsshallbe30cm,andthereshallbenomissingfile.（4）移動式梯子，均應按現(xiàn)行的國家標準驗收其質量。(4)Allmobileladdersshallbeinspectedandacceptedforqualityaccordingtothecurrentnationalstandards.三、攀登與懸空作業(yè)的安全防護3.Safetyprotectionforclimbingandsuspendedoperations1.攀登作業(yè)安全防護1.Safetyprotectionforclimbingoperations（3）攀登的用具，結構構造上必須牢固可靠。供人上下的踏板其使用荷載不應大于1100N。當梯面上有特殊作業(yè)，重量超過上述荷載時，應按實際情況加以驗算。(3)Climbingapparatusshallbestructurallysoundandreliable.Theloadofthetreadsforpeoplegoingupanddownshallnotbegreaterthan1100N.Whentherearespecialoperationsontheladdersurfaceandtheweightexceedstheabove-mentionedload,itshallbetestedaccordingtotheactualsituation.（5）梯腳底部應堅實，不得墊高使用。梯子的上端應有固定措施。立梯工作角度以75°±5°為宜，踏板上下間距以30cm為宜，不得有缺檔。(5)Thebottomoftheladderfeetshallbesolidandshallnotbeusedatahighlevel.Theupperendoftheladdershallbefixed.Theworkingangleoftheverticalladdershallbe75°±5°,andthespacingbetweentheupperandlowertreadsshallbe30cm,andthereshallbenomissingfile.（4）移動式梯子，均應按現(xiàn)行的國家標準驗收其質量。(4)Allmobileladdersshallbeinspectedandacceptedforqualityaccordingtothecurrentnationalstandards.三、攀登與懸空作業(yè)的安全防護3.Safetyprotectionforclimbingandsuspendedoperations1.攀登作業(yè)安全防護1.Safetyprotectionforclimbingoperations2.懸空作業(yè)安全防護2.Safetyprotectionforsuspendedoperations懸空作業(yè)處應有牢靠的立足處，并必須視具體情況，配置防護欄網、欄桿或其他安全設施。Thesuspendedoperationsiteshouldhaveasolidfootholdandmustbeequippedwithprotectivefences,railings,orothersafetyfacilitiesdependingonthespecificsituation.2.懸空作業(yè)安全防護2.Safetyprotectionforsuspendedoperations懸空作業(yè)所用的索具、腳手板、吊籃、吊籠、平臺等設備，均需經過技術鑒定或檢證方可使用。Therigging,scaffolding,basket,cage,platformandotherequipmentusedforsuspendedoperationsmustundergotechnicalappraisalorcertificationbeforeuse.構件吊裝和管道安裝時的懸空作業(yè)，必須遵守下列規(guī)定：Thesuspensionoperationduringcomponentliftingandpipelineinstallationmustcomplywiththefollowingregulations:（1）鋼結構的吊裝，構件應盡可能在地面組裝，并應搭設進行臨時固定、電焊、高強螺栓連接等工序的高空安全設施，隨構件同時上吊就位。拆卸時的安全措施，亦應一并考慮和落實。高空吊裝預應力鋼筋混凝土層架、桁架等大型構件前，也應搭設懸空作業(yè)中所需的安全設施。(1)Fortheliftingofsteelstructures,thecomponentsshouldbeassembledonthegroundasmuchaspossible,andhigh-altitudesafetyfacilitiesshouldbeinstalledfortemporaryfixation,welding,high-strengthboltconnection,andotherprocesses,andthecomponentsshouldbeliftedinplacesimultaneously.Thesafetymeasuresduringdisassemblyshouldalsobeconsideredandimplementedtogether.Beforeliftinglargecomponentssuchasprestressedreinforcedconcreteframesandtrussesathighaltitudes,safetyfacilitiesrequiredforsuspendedoperationsshouldalsobeinstalled.（2）懸空安裝大模板、吊裝第一塊預制構件、吊裝單獨的大中型預制構件時，必須站在操作平臺上操作。吊裝中的大模板和預制構件以及石棉水泥板等屋面板上，嚴禁站人和行走。(2)Wheninstallinglargetemplatesintheair,liftingthefirstprefabricatedcomponent,orliftingindividuallargean