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A第04講閱讀理解之說明文(講義)

目錄

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向

二考情分析中考閱讀理解說明文考情分析

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

閱讀說明文的2.推理判斷題

三3.詞義猜測題

考向4.主旨大意題

5.提升必考題型歸納

四真題感悟中考閱讀說明文經(jīng)典考題精選

【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3.掌握不同題型的解題方法

【考情分析】

閱讀理解說明文命題規(guī)律

說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式用來說明事物,闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念

來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性,給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識或正確思想。一般可分為實體事

物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類,詞典、教材、論文、實驗報告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞

及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說明文。

閱讀說明文體裁的文章時應(yīng)首先抓住下面的重要信息:

A.說明的對象

B.說明對象的特征

C.說明的方法(例證法;定義法;分類法;因果關(guān)系法;比較對照法;過程分析法)

【名師解難】

說明文閱讀理解的特征

一般說來,英語說明文與其他文體一樣,文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個方面,即WhoTwhat-

when—where-how—whyo

1.who:問的是這篇文章的主體是誰?(即所要說明和描述的人或事物)

2.what:問的是主體做了什么事情?(即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途)

3.when和where:是在何時何地發(fā)生的?(即何時何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途)

4.how:通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的?

5.why:這種特性功能用途的原因是什么?

做說明文閱讀理解題的時候,一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀,邊搜記,牢記要點,把握全文。

說明文閱讀理解的解題技巧

閱讀說明類文章重在把握被說明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系,如因果、條件、從屬、并列等;以及說明方

法,如定義、例釋、類比等??忌鷳?yīng)加強(qiáng)此類文章的閱讀訓(xùn)練,不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的

能力。首先我們平時要多關(guān)注科學(xué)題材的文章,了解一些基本的科普知識;其次,在閱讀時要注意實驗的

目的和箏卷,不能憑想象和猜測下結(jié)論;對于較難理解的句子要利用垮渚箏峋去分析;最后,要利用文章

特點找準(zhǔn)豐博句,把握中心,從而一一破解題目。

一、解題技巧

技巧一快速讀題,正確理解題干,定位關(guān)鍵詞,帶著問題讀文章。

技巧二運(yùn)用正確的閱讀策略,變速閱讀文章,學(xué)會處理文中的冗余信息。

技巧三注意特殊語言現(xiàn)象,在含有關(guān)鍵詞的句子處標(biāo)上題號。

技巧四注意正確項和干擾項的特征,回到文中確定答案。

技巧五合理猜測,推敲生詞的含義。

技巧六符合題目要求,對信息進(jìn)行必要的加工處理。

二、解題方法

先讀懂文章,然后按順序答題。此方法適合內(nèi)容較易于理解和記憶的文章。

先讀試題再讀文章,這樣我們可以帶著問題有的放矢地閱讀文章,迅速選出答案。

先閱讀一篇文章,把握中心大意,然后開始答題,對暫時確定不了的答案,可回讀文章的有關(guān)內(nèi)容并對其

進(jìn)行分析、推敲后再確定。

俳涂舐對拿不準(zhǔn)的答案,可先逐項排除自己有把握的錯誤選項,再將剩下的答案進(jìn)行比較、篩選,直到

確定最佳答案。

三、注意事項

1.限時閱讀:嚴(yán)格控制做題時間,具體到每一篇文章,通過有意識的訓(xùn)練,達(dá)到時間分配上的合理性。

2.帶著問題讀:先快速瀏覽一遍題目,再開始閱讀文章,有針對性的閱讀會提升速度。

3.找對應(yīng)詞句:中考閱讀理解的答案都會聚焦到文章的詞或句子上,在做題時找到相應(yīng)的原文,并進(jìn)行勾

勒、標(biāo)注,重點理解,有助于排除疑慮,且方便檢查。

4.重點注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句:中考閱讀理解的材料都是有鮮明的中心句的,把握好中心句有助于

全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句,需要特別注意。

5.理解作者意圖:切勿將自己的意圖強(qiáng)加到文章中,特別是在做主旨大意題時。

【網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】

中考英語中的說明文,按照說明對象的不同,通??煞譃閮煞N類型:事物性說明文和事理性說明文。

以河南省中考閱讀C篇分析來看:

事物性說明文:

說明人物或一種具體的事物,使讀者了解說明對命題點:圖文轉(zhuǎn)換、詞義猜測、主旨大意、

象的特征。如:2023年C篇,闡釋了自行車腳踏最佳標(biāo)題、出處推斷

發(fā)電裝置的發(fā)電原理。f

事理性說明文:

命題點:寫作手法、文本結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作目的、

說明一個道理、一種現(xiàn)象或事物的因果關(guān)系。

正誤推斷、最佳標(biāo)題

如:2022年C篇,說明了不同動物的睡眠方式。

△說明文答題技巧

.夯基-必備基礎(chǔ)破璇理

分析2023年各地區(qū)說明文類閱讀理解,大都考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題以及主旨大意題

(一)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

命題規(guī)律:

細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實進(jìn)行提問,命題人往往通過對文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來考查考

生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例,幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的

“半壁江山”。這類題考點可以源自段內(nèi)的單句信息理解,也可以來自段落內(nèi)綜合信息的理解。考查內(nèi)容涉及

時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。

命題方式:

1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what.which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出問題。

2.填空題形式。通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實或細(xì)節(jié)。

題型和考查角度:

1.高頻考點:直接信息題;間接信息題。

2.中頻考點:數(shù)字計算題;

3.低頻考點:細(xì)節(jié)排序題;正誤判斷題。

解題原則:注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系,依附原文,杜絕主觀臆斷。

解題技巧:

第一步:審讀題干,提取關(guān)鍵信息;

第二步:速讀定位原文信息句,將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換;

第三步:逐一核對選項,仔細(xì)辨別,得出答案。

解題原則:對原文中能直接排除的進(jìn)行篩選,不能直接找到的多處相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。

(二)推理判斷題

推理判斷題是中考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個方面,是考生失分率較高的題

型??疾榭忌高^文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,對文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意

圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知,推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢,且由過去簡單的對號入座

直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對語言的理解能力,難度比之前有所增加。

題型和考查角度:

1.高頻考點:隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點態(tài)度。

2.低頻考點:文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。

錯誤原因:

1.主觀臆斷

2.缺乏邏輯

3.過度推理

4.缺乏常識

隱含推斷類題型

鎖定關(guān)鍵詞:

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer(推斷),suggest(表明,暗示),conclude(得出結(jié)論),indicate(暗示,象

征),imply(暗示),assume(假定,設(shè)想)迅速確定題型

解題指導(dǎo):

(1)瀏覽選項,首先排除對原文信息簡單重復(fù)的錯誤選項

(2)抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理:在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后,要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息

去分析判斷;

(3)整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷:有時需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上,整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)

行綜合推斷,才能確定最佳選項。無論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文,避免主觀臆斷。

觀點態(tài)度類題型

鎖定關(guān)鍵詞:

根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動詞或介詞短語等,如attitude(態(tài)度),outstanding(優(yōu)秀

的,突出的),disagree(不同意),hopefully(有希望的),against(反對),infavorof(贊成),迅速確

定題型。

解題指導(dǎo):

(1)認(rèn)真審題,明確“誰對誰”的態(tài)度,明確答題方向

(2)關(guān)注段落首尾句,推斷文章和段落主題,確定觀點

(3)注意作者或文中人物的措辭

(4)分析修飾語和字里行間所隱含的意思,切忌用自己觀點代替作者或文中人物的觀點;

(5)牢記觀點態(tài)度的常見詞語

寫作意圖類題型

鎖定關(guān)鍵詞:

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpose(目的),intendto(打算),wanttotellus...(想要告訴我們),writethis

passageto(寫這篇文章為了)迅速確定題型。

解題指導(dǎo):

(1)根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫作意圖;

(2)根據(jù)文體推斷寫作意圖

說明文:其寫作意圖依賴于對文章主題句的把握,應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句(tointroduce,toexplain,toinform,to

makecomparisons...)

(三)詞義猜測題

命題規(guī)律:

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解試題中的必考題型,可以是對一個單詞意義的推斷,也可以是對一個短語或

句子的推斷,既可以考查生詞的意義,也可以考查熟詞的新意,可以考查替代詞的內(nèi)容。在閱讀理解題中,

所考查的詞或短語大多超出考綱的范圍,需要根據(jù)語境進(jìn)行推測其含義。

平時的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意生詞和短語的積累,還要掌握構(gòu)詞法,和一定的解題技巧。

題型和考查角度:

1.猜測生詞或熟詞生義。

2.猜測短語的意義。

3.猜測代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容。

4.猜測句意。

命題方式:

Thephrase"...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby"

Theword"…"intheparagraphreferto"

Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe.,paragraph?

Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase"..."?

Theword"...”mostnearlymeans"

Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphimpliesthat.

解題技巧:

1.定位文中畫線處上下文。

2.理解上下文,查找提示點,根據(jù)背景、上下文等線索推測生詞詞義。

選項特征:

正確選項特征

1.將選項代入原文,壬下文邏輯通順。

2.含義和其字面意思一般沒有關(guān)系。

干擾項特征

1.與劃線部分詞形相似

2.考查熟詞生義時,含有常規(guī)詞義的往往不正確

3.選項中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項一般為錯誤選項。

1.根據(jù)定義推測詞義:

有時作者會通過給詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解該詞的基本含義,如線索詞thatis,or,namely,inother

words,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputitanotherway,whichis等。

2.根據(jù)舉例推測詞義:

有時,劃線部分后會根由一些具體的例子,這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~的詞義。線索詞suchas,

such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。

3.根據(jù)對比關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測詞義:

表達(dá)對比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞需注意but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,in

contrastto等。

4.根據(jù)同義詞或并列結(jié)構(gòu)推測詞義:

在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)和重復(fù),會使用意思相同或相近的詞,

此時,只要知道其中一個詞的意思,就能猜出另一個詞的意思。

5.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測詞義:

英語中的很多詞匯,尤其是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞大多是通過構(gòu)詞法生成的,因此,掌握主要的構(gòu)詞法有

助于猜測詞義。

6.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義:

因果關(guān)系時一種常見的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)線索詞as,since,because,for,so,thus,

consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,so...that,

such...that等可知上下句存在因果,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義,來確定另一句的含義。

(四)主旨大意題

命題規(guī)律:

主旨大意題即考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、

領(lǐng)會大意的能力,也對考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù),需要考生

從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括,才能歸納出文章的主旨。

題型和考查角度:

1.主題類:文章大意題和段落大意題(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)

2.標(biāo)題類:標(biāo)題判斷題(選擇最佳標(biāo)題)。

要做好主旨大意題,我們首先必須了解其正確選項和干擾選項的特征。

選項特征:

正確選項特征

3.涵蓋性強(qiáng),覆蓋全文或全段。

4.確定的范圍恰當(dāng),既不太大,也不太小。

5.精確性強(qiáng),不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩

6.語言精練,若是標(biāo)題類,則應(yīng)當(dāng)醒目且語言具有概括性和針對性。-

干擾項特征

1.過于籠統(tǒng)范圍太大,超出文章內(nèi)容。

2.以偏概全只是文章的某一部分或者某一個細(xì)節(jié),或是某一個段落的要點或者部分。

3.主觀臆斷與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān),只是涉及個別單詞或按現(xiàn)實生活生搬硬套。

命題方式:

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?

不解題技巧:

1.說明文:明文的主題句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼應(yīng)。

段落大意題

通過結(jié)構(gòu)或暗示概括段落大意

1.根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)概括段落大意:要準(zhǔn)確概括段落大意,務(wù)必知道該段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段為總分順序組

織,則主題句在段首;如該段為分總順序組織,則主題句在段尾;如該段為分總分順序組織,則主題句在

段中;如該段對比各事物,則其異同點即為該段大意。一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭,其后是論證性細(xì)

節(jié)。在說明文、論述文或新聞報道中多采用這種形式

2.通過暗示揣摩段落大意:有時,作者不直接寫出主題句,而是通過情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題,

此時要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。

.提升-必考題型歸納

(一)

(2024?遼寧?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)

Peoplearetryingtobuild“greenbuildings^^thatarefriendlytotheenvironment.Theymightnotseemany

differentfromcommonbuildings.Butlefstakeacloserlook.

Staycoolandwarm.Ittakesalotofenergytolightrooms.Italsotakesenergytoheatandcoolbuildings.So

greenbuildingsaredesignedtodoallthesethingswithmuchlessenergy.Anenergy-smartbuildingstartswith

thickwalls.Specialinsulation(隔熱材料)insidekeepsheatinsideinwinterandkeepsheatoutsideinsummer.This

savesenergyforheatingandcooling.Somegreenbuildingsdon'tneedanyradiators(散熱器)orairconditioningat

all!

Savethetrees.Whatabuildingismadefromcanalsohelptheplanet.Tosaveforests,somegreenbuildings

havebamboofloorsinsteadofwood.Bamboolookslikewood,butifsactuallyagrass.Itgrowsback20times

fasterthanatree.Anotherwaytobuildgreenistouserecycledmaterials.Thatsavesthecostandreducespollution

ofproducingsomethingnew.

Makebetterhome.Cityplannerslikegreenbuildingsbecausetheysavemoneyandtheyarehealthierforthe

peoplewhoworkandliveinside.Butyoudon'tneedtobuildawholenewbuilding.Simplechangeslikeshading

windowsandplantingtreescanmakeanyhomegreener-andabetterEarthhomeforusall.

Asmorepeoplebecomeconcerned(擔(dān)憂的)aboutclimatechange,morebuildingsaregoinggreen.Expertsare

findingnewwaystobuildgreenbuildings.Wealsoneedtochangeourmind.Lefstakeactionnow!

1.Howdoesanenergy-smartbuildingsaveenergyforheatingandcooling?

A.Itusesairconditioners.B.Itusessmartradiators.

C.Ithasspecialthickwalls.D.Ithasfewerroomlights.

2.Bambooisusedinsteadofwoodingreenbuildingsbecause

A.itisarecycledmaterialB.itgrowsbackmuchfaster

C.itcankeeptheroomwarmD.itcansavealotofmoney

3.InParagraph4,thewriteradvisesusto

A.buildawholenewgreenbuildingB.payattentiontoclimatechange

C.makesmallchangestoourhomeD.useonlygastocookourmeals

4.Howisthetextorganized?

(①二Paragraph1,?=Paragraph2,...)

(2023?河南周口?校考三模)

They'vebeenextinct(滅絕)formorethan65millionyears.Theyleftnopicturesbutlibrarieswerefilledwith

booksaboutthem.Yet,theyliveonintheimaginationsofpeople.Mentiontheword"dinosaur“toanyoneand

you'resuretohavesomethingtotalkabout.

Wehaveknownaboutthesestrangelivingthingsformorethan200years.Theirfossil(化石)recordwasfirst

discoveredin1818.Theword“dinosaur“wascreatedin1842byascientistwhoputtwoGreekwordstogether.

Whatweknowaboutdinosaurscomesonlythroughthefossilrecordtheyleftbehind.Wecangetanideaof

howtheylookedbybuildingtheirskeletons(骨架)withfossilizedbonesandteeth.Theymusthavebeenamazing

astheytoweredhighabovetheotherlivingthingsoftheirtime.Wedoknowthattheylivedonlandandwalked.

Somewalkedontwolegs.Otherspreferredfourlegs.Somewerefastandotherswerequiteslow.

Wehaveaprettygoodpictureoftheirsizeandstructure,butnotmuchelseisknownforcertain.Forexample,

whatcolorwerethey?Nobodyknows.Didtheycrylikelions,orweretheirvoicessweetandmusicallikebirds?

Again,howcanweknow?Thefossilrecorddoesnotspeak.

Keepinmindthatwhatwedon'tknowaboutdinosaursisfargreaterthanwhatwedoknowaboutthem.As

withalotofresearchesaboutthatera,scientistsoftenhavetoreadbetweenthelines.

根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。

5.Whichofthefollowingpicturesisthedinosaur?

6.Whenwasthefirstdinosaurfossildiscovered?

A.Almost200yearsago.B.Over200yearsago.

C.Morethan65millionyearsago.D.Almost200millionyearsago.

7.Whatarepeoplesureaboutdinosaurs?

A.Colorandaction.B.Sizeandstructure.

C.Soundandlanguage.D.Personalityandfeeling.

8.WhafsthemainideaofParagraph4?

A.Differentkindsofdinosaurs.B.Severalfactsaboutdinosaurs.

C.Thesizeandstructureofdinosaurs.D.Someunknownthingsaboutdinosaurs.

9.Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Theappearanceofdinosaurs

B.Theplaceswheredinosaurslived

C.Thereasonswhydinosaursdiedout

D.Knownandunknownfactsaboutdinosaurs

(2023?福建廈門?廈門外國語學(xué)校??寄M預(yù)測)

AspecialseasonofVoiceofChinathatspotlights(聚焦)onYueOpera,anationalintangibleculturalheritage

(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)),wasonZhejiangTV.

YueOpera,oneofthefivemajorChineseoperas(PekingOpera,YueOpera,HuangmeiOpera,PingOpera,Yu

Operaintheorderofinfluence),isknownas"Chinesedrama“abroad.YueoperastartedinShaoxing,Zhejiangand

laterbecamepopularinShanghai.Xiaosheng,Xiaodan,Laosheng,Laodan,Xiaochou,andDamianarethesix

majorrolesinYueOpera.XiaoshengaretheyoungmanroleswhileXiaodanaretheyoungwomanroles.Laosheng

andLaodanreferstotheoldermanandwomanroles.Xiaochouusuallyplayafunrole.Damianaremostly

treacherous(不忠的).

Workingwiththeprovince'sdepartmentofcultureandtourism,ZhejiangTVtriestousetheinfluenceof

VoiceofChina,whichhasownedagreataudience(觀眾)groupinhomeandabroadsince10yearsago,to

creativelyspreadtraditionalartformsamongyoungaudience.

ThespecialseasonhaskepttheformofVoiceofChina,invitingfourexperiencedperformersasteamleaders

tochoosetheirteammembers.Theteamleadershavetositwiththeirbacktothestagewheretheperformerswould

performoneafteranother.Ifsomeone'ssingingwinstheirhearts,theycanpushabuttontoturnaroundthechairsto

seethefaceoftheperformer.

YoungYueOperaperformersareencouragedtoshowthetraditionalartcreatively.Forexample,theywould

useguitarasthemusicalinstrumentintheoperaoraddmodernsingingstyleintotheirperformance.

10.Accordingtotheinfluence,YueOperaisthemajorChineseoperas.

A.1stB.2ndC.3rdD.4th

11.PictureshowstheroleofXiaodan.

12.Fromthepassage,youcanlearnthefollowingaboutYueOperaEXCEPT.

A.ithassixmajorrolesB.itstartedinShanghai

C.itisanintangibleculturalheritageD.itisknownas“Chinesedrama^^abroad

13.The4thparagraphmainlytalksabout.

A.whyVoiceofChinaispopularB.whatperformersdointheshow

C.howthespecialseasonrunsD.whotheteamleadersare

14.Thetopicofthepassageisabout.

A.businesstourismB.sciencefutureC.cultureartD.filmsmusic

(2023?山西大同?模擬預(yù)測)

Haveyoueverwonderedwhatanimalsaretalkingabout?WiththedevelopmentofAI,wemaybeableto

understandtheirlanguages!

InProfessorKarenBakker'snewbook,TheSoundsofLife:HowDigitalTechnologyIsBringingUsCloserto

theWorldsofAnimalsandPlants,shetalksabouthowAIishelpingustomakeananimalversion(版本).

Allaroundtheanimalkingdom(HEH),therearesoundsthatwecanhardlypickupanddecipher(破譯).For

example,elephantstalkwitheachotherusinginfrasound(次聲波)farbelowourhumanhearingrange.Coral(珊

瑚)intheoceanalsosendssoundwavestoattractbabycoraltosaferareastogrow.Thisissurprisingascoral

doesn'thaveanyears!Scientistshaveplacedlisteningequipmentintotheseenvironmentstopickupthesounds

humanscannothear.

Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIcanstudytheirmeaning.Forexample,IsraeliresearchersusedAItotranslate

bats515,000calls.Theyfoundthatmorethan60percentwereargumentsaboutfourthings:food,sleeppositions

(姿勢),invasion(侵犯),andunwantedadvances(求愛).

Thistechnologycannotonlyunderstandtheanimalsbutcommunicatebacktothem.Forexample,beesuse

dancestocommunicate.AresearchteaminGermany,therefore,putthebeelanguageAIsystemintoarobotbee.

Theyaskedtherobottocreateadanceroutine(路線)totellthebeeswherethenectar(花蜜)was,Voxreported.

15.WhatdoesKarenBakker'snewbookmainlytalkabout?_

A.Whyhumansshouldprotectanimals.

B.HowAIhelpshumanstounderstandanimals.

C.Whenhumanscangetclosertoanimals.

16.Howdidelephantstalkwitheachother?

A.Byusinginfrasound.B.Bysendingsoundwaves.C.Bywavingtheirbigears.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"equipment“inParagraph3meaninChinese?

A.耳機(jī)B.設(shè)備C.障礙

18.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromParagraph4?

A.Scientistshavegottoknowhowbatsarguewitheachother.

B.IsraeliresearchersarethefirsttouseAItotranslateanimals?languages.

C.Scientistshavebeenabletotranslatesomeanimals?languageswithAItechnology.

19.Howdidscientiststellbeeswherethenectarwas?

A.Theytrainedotherbeestoleadthemthere.

B.Theyaskedarobotbeetoteachthemanewlanguage.

C.Theymadearobotbeetotellthebeesabouttheroutebydancing.

(2023?吉林白城?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)

Feelingsweaty(流汗的)fromasummerheatwave?Don'tworry.Notallyoursweathastogotowaste.

ResearchersfromUniversityofCaliforniahavedevelopedanewdevice(裝置)thatproducesenergyfromthesweat

onyourfingertips.

Thedeviceiscalledabiofuelcell(生物燃料細(xì)胞).Fromtheoutside,itlookslikeasimplepieceoffilm

connectedtoelectrodes(電極).Sohowdoesthedevicework?Whenyoustickthebiofuelcelltoyourfinger,it

takesinsweat.Theenzymes(酶)ontheelectrodesthenhelptoproduceelectricity.

Besidesusingthesweat,thedevicealsoproducessmallamountsofenergywhenitispressed,sodaily

activitiesliketyping,texting,orplayingthepianoareallgoodwaystoproduceelectricity.

Somepeoplemaythinkitqueertochoosefingertipsasthesourceofsweat,butinfact,theyarethesweatiest

partofthebody.Eachfingerproducesbetween100and1,000timesmoresweatthanmostotherareas.

Thedeviceisthemosteffectiveon-bodyenergyproducer.Beforeitisinvented,mostpowerproducing

wearabledevicesrequirewearerstoperformexerciseordependonothersources,suchassunlightorlargechanges

intemperature.Butthenewdeviceusesasystemtoproduceelectricityfromsweatinyourfingertips,evenifyou

aresleepingorsittingcompletelyquietly.OneoftheresearchersLuYinsaid,“Unlikeothersweat-powered

wearables,thisonerequiresnoexercise,nophysicalinputfromthewearerinordertobeuseful.Thisworkisastep

forwardtomakingwearablesmorepracticalandconvenient.

Ifsalsoquitecomfortabletowearthedevice.Thesizeofthedeviceisabout1cm2.66Youcancomfortably

wearitforalongperiodoftime,“saidYin.

However,atthemoment,thedevicecanonlystoreupalittlebitpower.Anditwouldtakeaboutthreeweeks

ofconstant(不斷的)weartopowerasmartphone,buttheresearchershopetoincreaseitspowerinthefuture.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案。

20.Thebiofuelcellcan.

A.protectfingertipsB.causeaheatwaveC.makeuseofsweatD.developnewdevices

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"queer“meaninParagraph3?

A.Strange.B.Unsafe.C.Dirty.D.Traditional.

22.Wearingthebiofuelcell,whocanmakethebiofuelcellwork?

①Edwardhasagoodsleepinhisbed.

②Vettysendsatextmessagetohermom.

③Nickplaysbasketballwithhisclassmates.

④Lilydriedthesweatonherhandswithafan.

A.②③④B.①③④C.①②④D.①②③

23.Whatistheadvantageofthebiofuelcell?

A.Itcaninfluencethetemperaturegreatly.

B.Itcanpowerasmartphoneinaday.

C.Itmakesyoucomfortablewhenyouareinpain.

D.Itworksfornearly24hoursadaywhenyouwearit.

24.Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheHistoryoftheBiofuelCellB.ATraditionalTechnology-theBiofuelCell

C.ANewTechnology-theBiofuelCellD.TheInventoroftheBiofuelCell

(2023.福建福州.福建省福州第一中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測)

WheneverwehearthenameLeonardodaVinci,mostofusprobablythinkofhisfamouspaintingstheMona

LisaandTheLastSupper.Butdoyouknowthathealsodidwellinmanyotherareasoutsideofart?

LeonardodaVinciwasconsideredtobeoneofthemosttalentedandthecleverestpeopleofalltime.Heleft

behindmanynotebooksfullofcreativeideasandinventions.Theywerealsofullofdifferentsubjectsthathewas

studying.Hespeltwordsbackwards(朝反方向)andrevered(使...反轉(zhuǎn))eachletter.Sohisnotescouldonlybe

readthroughtheuseofamirror.This“mirrorwriting^^mighthavehelpedprotecthisideasfromgettingstolenby

others.

Inhisnotebooks,thereweredesignsforflyingmachines.Itwasn'tuntilabout400yearslaterthatpeople

learnedhowtousemachinestofly.LeonardodaVincidrewpicturesanddesignsofwarmachines,musical

instrumentsandmanyotherthingsaswell.

Besides,hewasalsointerestedinthehumanbody.Hestudiedthehumanbodyalot.Hedescribeddifferent

partsofthebodyinhisnotebooks.Oneofhismostfamousdrawings,theVitruvianMan,imaginesamanwith

perfectproportions(比例).LeonardodaVincialsostudiedthebodiesofhorses,cows,frogs,monkeysandother

animals.

LeonardodaVincibelievedthatscienceandartwerecloselyconnected.Inhisopinion,thestudyofscience

andnaturehelpedshapehisworkasanartist.Doyouagreewithhim?

25.Whichdesignofthefollowingdidn'tLeonardodaVincidrawaccordingtothepassage?

A.Warmachines.B.Flyingmachines.C.Reversingmirrors.D.Musicalinstruments.

26.Theunderlinedword"They"inParagraph2refersto.

A.LeonardodaVinci'snotebooksB.LeonardodaVinci'spaintings

C.LeonardodaVinci5sideasD.LeonardodaVinci'sdesigns

27.WhichofthefollowingwasLeonardodaVinci'sidea?

A.Scienceandhisartworksweren'tcloselyconnected.

B.Learningsciencehelpedhimmakebetterworksofart.

C.Allartistsshouldlearntomakescientificinventions.

D.Thestudyofnaturecouldn'timprovehisworkasanartist.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

29.Whafsthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.ToletusknowmoreabouttheMonaLisaandTheLastSupper.

B.ToshowussomeofLeonardodaVinci'sflyingmachines.

C.ToletusknowmoreaboutLeonardodaVinci.

D.ToletushelpfindLeonardodaVinci'sspecialnotebooks.

(2023.安徽?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)

?NowadayschildrenmostlyreceivehongbaoonlinethankstothemobilepaymentappssuchasAlipayand

WeChat,whichmadethecentralbanktocreateanewkindofmoneyforonlinebusiness.Thafshowthedigital

renminbicameintobeing.Thedigitaltradehasincreasedthetypesofpaymenttools.Yettheuseofthedigital

renminbifacessomechallenges.

②First,withpaymentappslikeAlipayandWeChat,acompleteecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))hasbeensetupfor

activitiessuchasshopping,traveling,givinghongbaoandmakingpayments.Soinashorttime,the“digital

renminbiwallet“canhardlyshakeit.

③Second,paymentsthroughthedigitalrenminbiareputdirectlyintodigitalaccountsandtradescanbe

completedthroughanelectronicmachine,whichmaycauseuserstoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirmoney,

especiallywhenauserlosesthemobilephone.

④Third,thepublicisnotattracted(吸弓I)tothedigitalrenminbibecauseithasnoappreciationvalue.While

peoplehaveinterestinbankdeposit(存款),nointerestisofferedondigitalrenminbideposits.

⑤Infact,thefirstideaofthedigitalrenminbiwastomaketradeseasierforbuyersandsellerswiththehelpof

theInternetandmobileapps.Andasatoolthatcanmeettheneedsofthepublicinmanyfields,itislikelytobe

widelyusedinthefuture.

30.Whatdoesreferto?

A.Thecentralbank.B.Thesafetyofmoney.

C.Thecompletepaymentecosystem.D.Thenewly-madeelectronicmachine.

31.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthefutureofthedigitalrenminbi^

A.Worryinganddoubtful.B.Impossibletogetdeveloped.

C.Challengeablebuthopeful.D.Notmentionedinthepassage.

32.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?

氽、①②③④

C.//\\D.

頷)④B巡

(2023?安徽?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)

MoreyoungChinesepeoplelikeproductswithChinesetraditionalelements(元素).

Everymonth,ZhangLinglingholdsapartywithherfriends.Theywearhanfuandsingsongswithmusicfrom

traditionalinstruments.Inaddition,the23-year-oldgirldevelopedamobilegamethatfeatures(以...為特)a

martialarts(武術(shù))worldfulloftraditionalcultures.

AreportbyChineseshort-videoplatformBilibiliinFebruaryshowsthatover177millionofthe

userslovedvideosfeaturingtraditionalculture.Lookingforthereasonbehindit,JiFangfang,aprofessorwiththe

ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,said:"Theywanttotelltheworldwhotheyareandtoexpresstheir

specialties.^^

WhilesomeprefercarryingontraditionalChineseculture,othersaremixingitwithmodemthings.Pop

culturedesignerYuYangisoneofthem.WhenhemadeproductsfeaturingtheancientGodofFortune,thegod

worefashionableChineseshoesandacap,andhadamicrophoneinhishand."Popcultureisacommonlanguage.I

hopemorepeoplewillacceptandlovemyworkandknowChineseculturethroughmyartpieces,9,hesaidinan

interviewwithChinaDaily.

33.WhataretheactivitiesZhangLinglingdoatthepartywithherfriends?

A.

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