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PAGE英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)翻譯姓名：徐英杰學(xué)號(hào)：201057503119WirelesschargingtechnologyoverviewandoutlookOne,thehistoryofwirelesschargingtechnologyactuallyideaofwirelesspowersupplyhaveemergedasearlyasonehundredyearsago,in1890,nikolatesla,thefounderofthemodernalternatingcurrent(ac)systembegantoideaofwirelesspowersupplymethod,andfinallyputforwardaveryambitiousplan-theearthastheinnerconductor;Betweentheearthandtheionosphereestablishedabout8hzlowfrequencyresonance,recycledaroundtheearth'ssurfaceelectromagneticwavetotransmitpoweratadistance.Atthetime,teslaisaseriesofexperimentsarecarriedoutusingcoil,createdthewirelesspowertransmission.In1990,andteslabeganhisresearch,andtrytomakeelectricitylikebroadcastacrossoceans,afterwardsbecauseofhugeinvestment,thetechnologyof"death".Althoughteslaresearchultimatelynoresults,buthisoriginalwirelesspowertechnologyideaisboldenough.Second,thedevelopmentofwirelesschargingtechnologyteslacoilatthetimedidn'tget,butinthemid-1920-s,JapaneseH.YagiandS.Udatheoreticallyconfirmedthissolutionisacompletelydifferentfromspecialpowersupplywayofcabletransmission,thewirelesspowersupplytechnology,photoelectriccoupling,electromagneticcouplingmainmagneticresonance,etc.Threedifferentways.Apowersupply,thecurrentwirelesspowersupplytechnology,photoelectriccoupling,electromagneticcouplingmainmagneticresonance,etc.Threedifferentways.1,electromagneticcoupling,electromagneticcouplingforpowerengineers,inthefamiliar,thetransformeristousethisprincipletotransferenergy.Ifseparatetwowindingtransformer,issomethingofawirelesspowersupply.Rechargeableelectrictoothbrushisatypicalcase,buttheuseofelectromagneticcouplingwayhasalotofdisadvantages,nothighmagneticpermeabilityofmagneticcoreasamedium,thelinesofmagneticforcecanleadtoseriousspreadintotheair,resultinginadeclineintransferringefficiency,especiallywhentwocoilfromdownbadly.Sothiswayisonlysuitableforsmallpower,closecommunication,forhigh-power,long-distancewirelesspowersupplyisnotsogoodthisway.2,photoelectriccouplingphotoelectriccouplingphoneapplicationisoneofthebiggestmobilephonemarketinChina,and60%oftheworld'smobilephonesaremadeinChina,sothewirelesschargingtechnologyisboundtotakerootinChina.Torealizewirelesschargingmobilephone,thecurrentmusthavetwoparts:transmitter,connectedtothepowersupply,tothevastspacelaunchpower;Receiver,generalinstallationontheelectronicproducts,usedtoreceiveelectricalenergy.Atpresentonlypartofthemobilephonesupportswirelesschargingandthedimensionsofthechargerisstillalittlebig,itwasreportedthatinrecenttwoyears,wirelesschargingreceiverwillfully"lean",becomethewirelesschargingacceptchipembeddedinthemobilephoneproducts,thesizeofyourfingernail."Atpresent,nokia,philips,samsung,SONYEricsson,andresearchinmotion(RIM),andmanyotherinternationalwell-knownmobilephonemanufactureristosupportthetechnology,wirelesschargersarealsolikelytobebundledwithmobilephonesforsale."Mobilephoneisjustthefirstgoal,afterPMP/MP3players,digitalcameras,laptops,etcallcanusethenewlowenergyconsumption,highcompatiblewirelesscharger.Isexpectedtorealizelong-distancewirelesschargingwithinfiveyears.Howinthefuture,wirelesschargingtechnologywillchangeourlives?Convenientsinceneedlesstosay,inaddition,wirelesschargingismoresecure,withoutconnectorleakage,leakage,electricleakageandothersecurityhiddendangercanbecompletelyavoided.Someoneworryaboutradiation,thistechnologywasfirstusedinwaterpurifiers,untilnowalreadyhaseightyearstime,securityhasbeenvalidatedbythe36countries,willnotbringharmtothehumanbodyandenvironment.Accordingtointroducing,wirelesscharginggenerallyisthroughtheelectromagneticfieldenergy,andhumanandthehumansideofthemajorityofitemsaremagnetic.Atpresent,theefficiencyoftheacceptratecontinuestoimprove,willsoonbeabletoachieve98%.2,wirelesschargingtechnologyapplicationinmedicalequipmentpowersupplyofimplantablemedicaldeviceatpresentrelymainlyonimplantedbattery,itsbiggestdrawbacksistodealwiththeproblemafterthebatteryrunsout,whetherreplacementbatteriesorbuypermanently,thereexisthiddendanger,therefore,theportableexternalforwirelesschargingcanbeimplementedaslowpowerwirelesssensornetwork(WSN),canberechargedandpatientsmedicaldevicesimplantedinthebody,alsocanrechargeunderthespecialcircumstanceofautomatictestsystem.Someimplantsvolumeisverysmall,can'taccommodatethebattery.Suchascochlear,itneedstobesurgicallyinsertedinsteadofinnerearhaircellsplayaroleofanelectronicdevice.Theuseofexternalpowerwirelesschargingmethodsforcontinuousprovidehighcanforimplantablemedicalelectronics.Usingradiofrequencylinks,notonlycanachieveenergytransfer,alsocancontrolandqueryforimplantablemedicaldevices.Inaddition,implantablemedicalelectronicstheservicelifeandstoragelifearenolongerlimitedbythebattery.Forexample,acardiacpacemaker(necessarypowersupplysignalactivationofcardiacrecoveryandmaintainnormal),atpresent,thecardiacpacemakerimplantationinthehumanbody,after8to10yearsorsoneedtoreplacethebattery.Thatistosay,althoughinstalledpacemakers,theneveryeighttotenyearswillalsoneedtobeanoperationtoreplacepacemakercells.Imagineifapacemakerusedthewirelesschargingtechnology,itismoreconvenient?Moredon'thappensurgicalfailures,chestinfection,etc.,thepostoperativequalityoflifeofpatientscouldgetgreatimprovement.3,thewirelesschargingtechnologyapplicationinmobileintelligentterminalequipmentintheleagueofwirelesschargingtechnologyplanning,thefutureofaround125whighpowerelectronicequipmentwillalsosupport.4,wirelesschargingtechnologyinelectricvehicleapplicationalongwiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomyinourcountry,thenationalcorrespondingpreferentialpolicies,thesubsidypolicy,stillinthenewpolicyandaseriesofpoliciesintroducedgasenergy,furtherpromotedtheprivatecarsincrease,theinternationalenergyandenvironmenthasbecometheworld'smostcurrentconcerns,andalternativeenergyshortage,environmentpollutionandprotectiontothedevelopingofthenewenvironmentalprotection.Theelectriccaristhefirstdevelopedakindofenvironmentallyfriendlynewenergyvehicles,includingbatteryelectricvehicles,hybridelectricvehiclesandfuelcellelectriccars.Thebatteryelectricvehicletechnologyhasmatured,manymanufacturershavebeguntoproduction,aroundalsointheconstructionofchargingstations.Butthebatterychargingissuehasbeentheresearchershaveaheadache,and,therefore,solutionofchargingtechnology,willgreatlypromotethedevelopmentofbatteryelectricvehicles.Wirelesschargingtechnologytobeappliedinelectriccars,ontheonehand,duringtheconstructionofroadsandbuildings,bythepowersupplyunitaccordingtoplaninadvanceintheintersection,publicparkinglotparking,parkingspaceandgaragesunitorvillagebelowembeddedwirelesschargingthecharger,andmakethechargerconnectedtothegridorsolarpanels;Carmanufacturers,ontheotherhand,wanttoinstallincaratthebottomoftheacceptanceofwirelesschargingdevice,andelectromagneticdevicessuchasxuandconnectivity;Inaddition,therelevantstatedepartmentstothesameemissionandreceivingsignalfrequency,canmakeitsaregeneral.Ontheapplicationofwirelesschargingtechnologyappliedtoelectricvehicles,shouldalsopayattentiontothefollowingquestions1)countriesshouldpublishrelevantpolicy,encourage,supportandstandardizethedevelopmentofthewirelesschargingcarandtheconstructionofthecharginginfrastructure,wirelesschargingisafledglingcanevencalculateisnotstartfield,itseffectivedevelopmentcanbelargelysolvedtheelectriccardevelopmentabottleneck.2)nomatterwhichwayeventuallytotakecharge,usingwhatkindofbattery,stateandlocalrelevantdepartmentsshouldbeonitsfrequency,safety,environmentalprotection,energysaving,etc,doresearch,avoidtheharmtohumanbodyandenvironment.3)intheactualuseprocess,becausethetransmitterontheground,wanttoprotect,somuchrainintheplaceofwaterprooffacilitiesmustbeused.Influence,significanceandwirelesschargingtechnologyhastheadvantageofportabilityandversatility,andcanmakeavarietyofdevicesusingachargingstation,perhapsinthenearfuture,allkindsofpoweradaptercuthardalsodisorderlysituationwilldisappear,andtheuseofpublicchargingstationsmobiledevicesbecomeareality.Itssignificanceandinfluencetothepublicwereremarkable.(1)portableduetowavestransmissionhasnothingtodowiththecharginginterfaceequipment,soifthewirelesschargingtechnologyoncepopular,notonlywillmakeelectronicsfromtheplugandcabletie,chargingmoreconvenient,anditwillmakedifferentbrands,differentinterfacechargerincompatibleproblemisresolved.Inthenearfuture,globalwirelesscharginginfrastructurewillbeineveryhome,coffeeshops,airportsandotherpublicplaces,consumerscanusethewirelesschargingequipmentcharginganytimeandanywhere.Allthishasbecomeveryconvenientbecauseoftheexistenceofwirelesscharging.(2)beautifulsexwithoutwiresandcharginginterface,thevolumeofportablemobileelectronicdeviceswillbenarrowed,thusincreasingthebeautifulsexofcarryingandconvenient.Todealwiththeproblemofthetransformationofenergyefficiencyinthefuture,undertheconditionofelectromagneticradiationhumanbodysafety,ifalltheelectricalappliancesintotheeraofwirelesspowersupply,willbeabletoeffectivelyresolvefamilywiring,appliancesimmobilized,bedroommetope,theproblemsuchaslandscapedestruction,forthelifeofpeoplemorebeautificationeffect.Atthesametime,itwillsavealotofalotofmanpower,materialandsoon.(3)securitybecauseofwirelesselectronicdevicesshellcansavemetalcontactorchargingopening,electronicproducts,waterproofandsealingwillbefurtherenhanced,souseofwirelesschargingtechnologyelectrictoothbrushesandwaterproofelectricshaverwillbefurtherimproved.Medicalequipmentmanufacturersalsohopethroughawirelesschargingmethodtoreplacetheplug,becausethiswillleadtobatterypowersupplyoftheequipmentwithwaterproofperformance,andconvenienttodisinfect.Andforconsumers,isnotonlythat,thesignificanceofwirelesschargingwithwirelesschargingtechnologyfrommobilephones,tabletsandothersmallpowerequipmenttolaptopcomputers,smartTVorevenlargeequipmentsuchaselectriccars,moresurpriseisworthlookingforwardto.Wirelesschargingtechnologyisstillonthestageofresearchanddevelopment,buttherearemanycountrieshaveitappliedtodevicessuchasmobilephones,computersandthewalkman,includingtheUnitedStates,SouthKorea,Japanandothercountriesalsostartedthewirelesschargingcarrelatedresearchanddevelopment.Wirelesschargingtechnologyhasasolidmassbase,therelevantsurveyreportshowsthatpeoplehavestronginterestinviaawirelesspowersupplysolutions,wirelesschargingtechnology,asanimportanttechnologyoftop20%byconsumers,morethan80%oftherespondentsthoughtotherwise,theywillputthewirelesschargingtechnologyusedinelectronicdevices,soeverytimeandchargewillbeasfaraspossibleuseofwirelesscharging.Believethatwiththeconstantimprovementofthetechnologyanddevelopment,willbringtoourlifealotofbenefits,willalsoreduceourrelianceonexistingenergy.無(wú)線充電技術(shù)的簡(jiǎn)介及展望一、無(wú)線充電技術(shù)的歷史實(shí)際上無(wú)線供電的設(shè)想早在一百多年前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，在1890年，尼古拉·特斯拉，這位現(xiàn)代交流電系統(tǒng)的奠基者就開始構(gòu)想無(wú)線供電方法，最后提出了一個(gè)非常宏大的方案——把地球作為內(nèi)導(dǎo)體；在地球與電離層之間建立起大約8Hz的低頻共振，再利用環(huán)繞地球表面電磁波來(lái)遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸電力。在當(dāng)時(shí)，特斯拉也利用線圈進(jìn)行了一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)，開創(chuàng)了無(wú)線電力傳輸?shù)南群?。?990年，特斯拉開始了他的研究，并設(shè)法讓電能像廣播一樣跨越大洋，后來(lái)因?yàn)橥顿Y巨大，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)“胎死腹中”。盡管特斯拉的研究最終沒(méi)有結(jié)果，但是他當(dāng)初的無(wú)線供電技術(shù)構(gòu)想絕對(duì)是足夠的大膽。二、無(wú)線充電技術(shù)的發(fā)展雖然特斯拉線圈在當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有得到推行，但是到了20世紀(jì)20年代中期，日本的H.Yagi和S.Uda從理論上完全證實(shí)了這種方案是一種區(qū)別于有線傳輸?shù)奶厥夤╇姺绞?，目前無(wú)線供電技術(shù)主要有電磁耦合、光電耦合、電磁共振等三種不同的方式。三、供電方式，目前無(wú)線供電技術(shù)主要有電磁耦合、光電耦合、電磁共振等三種不同的方式。1、電磁耦合電磁耦合對(duì)電源工程師來(lái)說(shuō)，在熟悉不過(guò)了，變壓器就是利用這個(gè)原理來(lái)傳遞能量的。如果把變壓器的兩個(gè)繞組分開，就是某種意義上的無(wú)線供電。電動(dòng)牙刷的充電就是一個(gè)典型的案例，但是用電磁耦合的方式有很大的缺點(diǎn)，沒(méi)有高磁導(dǎo)率的磁芯作為介質(zhì)，磁力線會(huì)嚴(yán)重發(fā)散到空氣中，導(dǎo)致傳遞效率下降，特別在兩個(gè)線圈遠(yuǎn)離的時(shí)候，下降得非常厲害。所以此種方式只適合小功率、近距離的傳輸，對(duì)于大功率、遠(yuǎn)距離的無(wú)線供電這種方式就不太好。2、光電耦合光電耦合就是把電能轉(zhuǎn)化成光能，比如激光，通過(guò)光將能量傳遞到目的地再轉(zhuǎn)化成電能。這種無(wú)線供電技術(shù)比較直觀，光電耦合還能很好的抑制干擾，而且光電轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用相對(duì)廣泛。但是由于光傳播的單向性，決定了其傳遞路徑有一定的缺陷，即傳遞路徑中不能有障礙物。所以這種技術(shù)，也有相應(yīng)的缺陷。3、電磁共振耦合人們對(duì)電磁共振著個(gè)名詞比較陌生，其原理類似聲波共振的原理，如果兩種介質(zhì)具有相同的共振頻率，就可以用來(lái)傳遞能量。電磁共振室目前正在研究的一種電力傳輸方式。2008年，英特爾公司的工程師們?cè)栽擁?xiàng)技術(shù)作為基礎(chǔ)，在據(jù)電源3英尺的地方點(diǎn)亮一個(gè)60W的燈泡。2010年9月報(bào)，富士通的無(wú)線充電技術(shù)利用磁共振在充電器與設(shè)備之間的空氣中傳輸電荷，線圈和電容器在充電器與設(shè)備之間形成共振。富士通表示這一系統(tǒng)可以在未來(lái)得到廣泛應(yīng)用，例如針對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車的充電區(qū)以及針對(duì)電能芯片的電量傳輸，采用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)研制的充電系統(tǒng)所需要的充電時(shí)間只有當(dāng)前的一百五十分之一。目前，日本計(jì)劃在2012年設(shè)置充電網(wǎng)點(diǎn)。另外由富爾頓開發(fā)的eCoupled技術(shù)源于19世紀(jì)法拉第發(fā)現(xiàn)的電磁感應(yīng)原理，當(dāng)電流通過(guò)線圈產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)時(shí)，相應(yīng)的裝備就會(huì)受磁場(chǎng)影響產(chǎn)生電流，電的輸送就以“無(wú)線”方式完成了，而且eCoupled技術(shù)還可以對(duì)不同功能的同一電器加以甄別，并且適配相應(yīng)的電量。最初，富爾頓將研發(fā)的eCoupled技術(shù)運(yùn)用在母公司安利的凈水器中，為凈水器的燈泡無(wú)線供電。據(jù)《ProtableDesign》2010年第10期報(bào)道，預(yù)計(jì)2013年，無(wú)線充電設(shè)備的全球潛在市場(chǎng)容量接近140億美元，到2014年，無(wú)線充電設(shè)備的出貨量將達(dá)到2.5億臺(tái)。目前無(wú)線充電聯(lián)盟的企業(yè)包括：Atmel、Callpod、LG電子、美國(guó)國(guó)家半導(dǎo)體、諾基亞、奧林巴斯、飛利浦、Rohm、三星電子、桑菲通訊、索愛(ài)、德州儀器、中光電等60家企業(yè)。中國(guó)作為世界上最大的無(wú)線移動(dòng)通信市場(chǎng)，應(yīng)用需求龐大。中國(guó)桑菲通訊是無(wú)線充電聯(lián)盟的十家常委企業(yè)之一，該公司董事長(zhǎng)稱，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)布，必將推動(dòng)無(wú)線充電市場(chǎng)向縱深方向發(fā)展。四、無(wú)線充電技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀無(wú)線充電技術(shù)在國(guó)外很多研究機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)團(tuán)體還在大量精力研究和論證可行性以及工業(yè)化，可是中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)在清華大學(xué)、北京科技大學(xué)、哈工大、北方工大等一些科研院校以及深圳、上海等城市的一些高科技企業(yè)已經(jīng)完全進(jìn)入這個(gè)熱門又前衛(wèi)的行業(yè)，在手機(jī)、筆記本等電子信息產(chǎn)品以及美容美顏等生活小家電產(chǎn)品中廣泛試用，并小規(guī)模量產(chǎn)。目前無(wú)線充電技術(shù)也越來(lái)越頻繁地在各大通信技術(shù)展電源新技術(shù)展上露面，各大公司也紛紛推出自己的研究成果。2007年6月，美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院的研究小組發(fā)布了“向距離約2m遠(yuǎn)的60W的電燈泡輸送電力，并將其點(diǎn)亮”的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告，令全球?yàn)橹毮?。以此為開端，眾多廠商及研究機(jī)構(gòu)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“無(wú)線供電”的實(shí)用化，也都開始了積極研發(fā)。2008年8月，無(wú)線充電聯(lián)盟在北京舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，宣布將無(wú)線充電國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引入中國(guó)，無(wú)線充電聯(lián)盟副主席布雷特·劉易斯介紹，聯(lián)盟成員近60家包括勁量、LG電子、諾基亞等。在2009年Windows7發(fā)布會(huì)上，微軟CEO鮑爾默更是帶來(lái)了最新的無(wú)線視頻輸出和無(wú)線供電技術(shù)。無(wú)線充電技術(shù)在市政交通方面也有所建樹，2010年3月，第一輛無(wú)線充電電動(dòng)車在韓國(guó)首爾大公園試運(yùn)行。五、無(wú)線充電技術(shù)的前景展望1，無(wú)線充電在手機(jī)上的應(yīng)用我國(guó)是最大的手機(jī)市場(chǎng)，且世界上60%的手機(jī)都是在中國(guó)制造，所以無(wú)線充電技術(shù)必然要在中國(guó)生根發(fā)芽。要在手機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線充電，目前必須有兩個(gè)部分：發(fā)射器，與電源連接，負(fù)責(zé)向廣闊空間發(fā)射電能；接受器，一般安裝在電子產(chǎn)品上，用來(lái)接受電能。目前只有部分手機(jī)支持無(wú)線充電而且充電器的尺寸還有點(diǎn)大，據(jù)介紹，在最近兩年內(nèi)，無(wú)線充電接受器會(huì)充分“瘦身”，成為手機(jī)產(chǎn)品中內(nèi)置的無(wú)線充電接受芯片，只有指甲蓋那么大。“目前，諾基亞、飛利浦、三星、索尼愛(ài)立信以及RIM等眾多國(guó)際知名手機(jī)廠商都很支持這一技術(shù)，無(wú)線充電器也有可能會(huì)與手機(jī)一起捆綁進(jìn)行銷售?！笔謾C(jī)只是第一個(gè)目標(biāo)，以后PMP\MP3播放器、數(shù)字照相機(jī)、手提電腦等產(chǎn)品都可以使用全新的低能耗、高兼容的無(wú)線充電器。預(yù)計(jì)5年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離無(wú)線充電。未來(lái)，無(wú)線充電技術(shù)將怎樣改變我們的生活？方便自不必說(shuō)，除此之外，無(wú)線充電還更安全，沒(méi)有外漏的連接器，漏電、跑電等安全隱患可徹底避免。有人擔(dān)心輻射問(wèn)題，這個(gè)技術(shù)最先在凈水器中運(yùn)用，至今已經(jīng)有8年時(shí)間了，安全性已經(jīng)得到了36個(gè)國(guó)家的驗(yàn)證，不會(huì)對(duì)人體和環(huán)境帶來(lái)危害。據(jù)介紹，無(wú)線充電大致上是通過(guò)電磁場(chǎng)輸送能量的，而人類以及人類身邊的絕大多數(shù)物件都是非磁性的。目前，這個(gè)效能接受率還在不斷提高，很快將能達(dá)到98%。2，無(wú)線充電技術(shù)在醫(yī)療設(shè)備上的應(yīng)用目前植入式醫(yī)療設(shè)備的供電主要依靠植入電池，其最大弊端在于電量耗盡后的處理問(wèn)題，無(wú)論是取出更換電池還是永久買入體內(nèi)，均存在隱患，因此，便攜的外部無(wú)線供充電可以實(shí)現(xiàn)為低功耗無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可以與病人體內(nèi)的醫(yī)用植入設(shè)備進(jìn)行充電，也可以為特殊壞境下的自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)充電。某些植入裝置體積非常小，無(wú)法容納電池。如人工耳蝸，它需要手術(shù)植入替代內(nèi)耳毛細(xì)胞發(fā)揮作用的一項(xiàng)電子裝置。采用外部電源無(wú)線供充電方式能為植入式醫(yī)療電子設(shè)備連續(xù)提供高點(diǎn)能。利用無(wú)線射頻連接，不但可以實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的傳遞，同時(shí)可以對(duì)植入式醫(yī)療電子設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制和查詢。另外，植入式醫(yī)療電子設(shè)備的使用壽命和存儲(chǔ)壽命不再受電池的限制。例如，心臟起搏器（必要時(shí)候供電信號(hào)激活心臟復(fù)蘇與維持正常），目前，心臟起搏器植入人體之后，8-10年左右就需要更換電池。也就是說(shuō)，雖然安裝了心臟起搏器，那么每隔8-10年就還需要再動(dòng)一次手術(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行起搏器電池的更換。試想一下如果心臟起搏器采用了無(wú)線充電的技術(shù)，