廣東省佛山市三校2025屆高三1月第一次模擬考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省佛山市三校2025屆高三1月第一次模擬考試英語試題一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。AAComprehensiveExplorationofYellowstoneNationalParkNestledprimarilywithinthestateofWyoming,YellowstoneNationalParkextendsitsvastexpanseintoMontanaandIdaho.Establishedin1872astheworld’sfirstnationalpark,ithassincebecomeagloballyrenowneddestination,attractingmillionsofvisitorseachyearwithitsunparalleledgeothermalphenomenaanddiverseecosystems.GeologicalMarvelsThepark’sextraordinarylandscapeisatestamenttothedynamicforcesofnaturethathaveshapeditovermillionsofyears.Situatedatopamassivevolcaniccaldera,Yellowstoneisalivinglaboratoryofgeologicalactivity.Volcaniceruptionsandgeothermalprocesseshavesculptedaterrainrichwithgeysers,hotsprings,andmudpots.TheiconicOldFaithfulGeyser,knownforitspredictableeruptions,drawscountlessvisitorsdaily.Meanwhile,theGrandPrismaticSpring,withitsvibrant,multicoloredwaters,showcasesthepark’sunparalleledbeauty.DiverseEcosystemsYellowstone’sdiversehabitats—rangingfromdenseforeststoalpinemeadowsandfromriverstolakes—supportawidearrayofwildlife.Bison,elk,andbearsroamfreely,makingtheparkaprimedestinationforwildlifeenthusiasts.Thepark’sforests,composedlargelyoflodgepolepine,provideshelterfornumerousspecies,whileitsriversandlakessupportathrivingaquaticecosystem.ExploringtheParkVisitorshavenumerousoptionsforexperiencingYellowstone’swonders.TheGrandLoopRoad,ascenicdrivethattraversesthepark’smajorattractions,offersglimpsesofgeysers,waterfalls,andwildlife.Forthoseseekingamoreimmersiveexperience,over1,000milesofhikingtrailsprovideaccesstosecludedvalleys,ruggedpeaks,andcascadingwaterfalls.Additionally,thepark’shistoriclodgesandcabinsofferaglimpseintoitsstoriedpast.SeasonalVariationsYellowstone’sallurechangeswiththeseasons.Thepeaktouristseason,fromJunetoAugust,ischaracterizedbywarmweatherandabundantwildlifeactivity.However,thefallmonths,withtheircoolertemperaturesandfewercrowds,offeramoretranquilexperience.Winter,whilelimitingaccessduetoheavysnowfall,transformstheparkintoaserenewonderlandidealforsnowmobiling,cross-countryskiing,andwildlifeviewing.Notably,manyroadsandattractionsareclosedfromDecembertoMarch,makingadvancedplanningessentialforwintervisitors.1.WhichgeologicalfeatureiscentraltoYellowstoneNationalPark’suniquelandscape?A.AmassivevolcaniccalderaB.ExtensiveriversystemsC.DenseforestcoverD.Glacialvalleys2.WhatbestdescribestheGrandLoopRoadinYellowstoneNationalPark?A.AhikingtrailthatleadstosecludedvalleysB.AscenicdrivethattraversesmajorattractionsC.AhistoricrouteusedforwildlifemigrationD.Adesignatedareaforsnowmobilinginwinter3.WhydoesYellowstoneNationalParkexperiencelimitedaccessduringthewintermonths?A.DuetoheavysnowfallandroadclosuresB.ToprotectendangeredplantspeciesC.BecauseofincreasedvolcanicactivityD.Toallowforwildlifehibernation【答案】1.A2.B3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，文章詳細(xì)描述了黃石國家公園的地理位置、地質(zhì)特征、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性、游覽方式以及不同季節(jié)的特點。通過介紹公園的獨特景觀，引導(dǎo)讀者了解其自然之美和科學(xué)價值?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Situatedatopamassivevolcaniccaldera,Yellowstoneisalivinglaboratoryofgeologicalactivity.(黃石國家公園位于一個巨大的火山口之上，是一個地質(zhì)活動的活實驗室。)”可知，火山口是黃石國家公園地質(zhì)活動的基礎(chǔ)，它導(dǎo)致了間歇泉、溫泉和泥漿池等地?zé)岈F(xiàn)象的形成。這些地?zé)岈F(xiàn)象是黃石國家公園區(qū)別于其他自然景觀的最顯著特征。因此，火山口是黃石國家公園獨特景觀的核心地質(zhì)特征。故選A項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TheGrandLoopRoad,ascenicdrivethattraversesthepark’smajorattractions,offersglimpsesofgeysers,waterfalls,andwildlife.(大環(huán)路是一條風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的駕車路線，穿越公園的主要景點，沿途可以欣賞到間歇泉、瀑布和野生動物。)”可知，GrandLoopRoad是黃石國家公園內(nèi)的一條重要道路，專為游客設(shè)計，以便他們能夠方便地游覽公園的主要景點。這條道路不僅提供了便利的交通，還讓游客能夠欣賞到公園的自然美景。故選B項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Winter,whilelimitingaccessduetoheavysnowfall,transformstheparkintoaserenewonderlandidealforsnowmobiling,cross-countryskiing,andwildlifeviewing.(冬季，由于大雪限制了通行，公園變成了一個寧靜的仙境，適合雪地摩托、越野滑雪和觀賞野生動物。)”可知，冬季黃石國家公園的大部分地區(qū)被大雪覆蓋，導(dǎo)致許多道路無法通行。為了游客的安全和管理的便利，公園在冬季會關(guān)閉部分道路和景點。因此，選項A是正確的。其他選項與原文內(nèi)容不符。故選A項。BMalalaYousafzaiiswidelyacknowledgedasoneofthepreeminentyoungactivistsontheglobalstage.Amonghernumerousaccoladesareherrolesasanadvocateforeducation,ahumanrightsactivist,andaNobelPeacePrizelaureate.BorninMingora,Pakistan,in1997,Malalaencounteredformidablechallengesfromatenderage,yetsheemergedasaglobalemblemofresilienceandunwaveringdetermination.Atthetenderageof11,Malalaembarkedonheradvocacyforgirls’educationinherhometown,undeterredbythethreatsemanatingfromtheTaliban,whovehementlyopposedfemaleeducation.Herremarkablecourageandtenacitygarneredinternationalattention,butitalsorenderedherahigh-profiletarget.In2012,shewasthevictimofabrutalattackbyagunmanwhileenroutehomefromschool.Theassassinationattempt,intendedtosilenceher,paradoxicallyamplifiedhervoiceontheglobalstage,propellinghermessagetoaninternationalaudience.HowdidMalalaYousafzaitransmuteadversityintoadvocacyandascendtoglobaliconstatus?Followingherarduousrecovery,shepersistedinchampioningtherighttoeducation.HerinauguralspeechattheUnitedNationsin2013representedaseminalmomentinhertrajectory.Subsequently,sheco-authoredhermemoir,“IAmMalala,”whichascendedtointernationalbestsellerstatus.In2014,attheprecociousageof17,shewasconferredtheNobelPeacePrize,becomingtheyoungest-everlaureateforhervaliantstruggleagainstthesuppressionofchildrenandyoungpeopleandfortheuniversalrighttoeducation.Malala’sactivismtranscendstherealmofeducation.Shehasleveragedherinfluentialplatformtoadvocateforhumanrights,genderequality,andpeace.Herorganization,theMalalaFund,isdedicatedtoensuringthateverygirlhasaccessto12yearsoffree,safe,andqualityeducation.Despitethemyriadchallengesshehasfaced,Malalaremainsanindomitablebeaconofhopeandinspirationformillionsacrosstheglobe.ThesalientlessonwecangleanfromMalalaYousafzai’sextraordinarylifeisthateveninthecrucibleofgreatperil,onecansummonthecouragetostandupforwhatisrightandeffectmeaningfulchange.4.Whatdoesthephrase“atarget”inParagraph2imply?A.Apersonwhoisadmired.B.Apersonwhoisprotected.C.Apersonwhoisthreatened.D.Apersonwhoisignored.5.WhateventmarkedaturningpointinMalalaYousafzai’sadvocacy?A.HerspeechattheUnitedNationsin2013.B.Thepublicationofhermemoir,“IAmMalala”.C.Herrecoveryfromtheassassinationattempt.D.HerwinningtheNobelPeacePrizein2014.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMalalaYousafzai?A.Courageousanddetermined.B.Ambitiousandcompetitive.C.Humorousandoptimistic.D.Modestandreserved.7.WhatmessagedoesMalalaYousafzai’sstoryconvey?A.Educationisthekeytoempowerment.B.Famebringsbothopportunitiesanddangers.C.Youngpeoplecanmakesignificantcontributions.D.Adversitycanbeovercomewithresilienceandhope.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福扎伊在巴基斯坦的成長經(jīng)歷、她為爭取女性教育權(quán)利所做出的努力、遭受塔利班襲擊后的康復(fù)以及她獲得諾貝爾和平獎的過程。文章強調(diào)了馬拉拉的勇氣、決心和對教育的執(zhí)著?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。由文章第二段中“Atthetenderageof11,Malalaembarkedonheradvocacyforgirls’educationinherhometown,undeterredbythethreatsemanatingfromtheTaliban,whovehementlyopposedfemaleeducation.Herremarkablecourageandtenacitygarneredinternationalattention,butitalsorenderedherahigh-profiletarget.In2012,shewasthevictimofabrutalattackbyagunmanwhileenroutehomefromschool.(在11歲的時候，馬拉拉開始在家鄉(xiāng)倡導(dǎo)女孩的教育，沒有被塔利班的威脅所嚇倒，塔利班強烈反對女性教育。她非凡的勇氣和毅力贏得了國際關(guān)注，但也使她成為備受矚目的目標(biāo)。2012年，她在放學(xué)回家的路上遭到一名槍手的野蠻襲擊)”可知，馬拉拉因倡導(dǎo)女孩教育，遭到塔利班威脅，她的勇敢和堅韌引起國際關(guān)注的同時，也使她成為了攻擊目標(biāo)，所以，“atarget”暗示她是一個受到威脅的人。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Theassassinationattempt,intendedtosilenceher,paradoxicallyamplifiedhervoiceontheglobalstage,propellinghermessagetoaninternationalaudience.(這次暗殺企圖本意是為了讓她沉默，但反而使她的聲音在國際舞臺上被放大，將她的信息推向了國際觀眾)”可知，馬拉拉在遭受槍擊后，她的康復(fù)過程引起了全球的關(guān)注，她的聲音在國際舞臺上被放大。這次事件使她的故事和主張得到了更廣泛的傳播，成為她倡導(dǎo)活動的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。故選C。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“BorninMingora,Pakistan,in1997,Malalaencounteredformidablechallengesfromatenderage,yetsheemergedasaglobalemblemofresilienceandunwaveringdetermination.(馬拉拉于1997年出生于巴基斯坦明戈拉，從小就遇到了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，但她成為了堅韌和堅定不移的決心的全球象征)”和第二段中“Atthetenderageof11,Malalaembarkedonheradvocacyforgirls’educationinherhometown,undeterredbythethreatsemanatingfromtheTaliban,whovehementlyopposedfemaleeducation. Herremarkablecourageandtenacitygarneredinternationalattention,butitalsorenderedherahigh-profiletarget.(在11歲的時候，馬拉拉開始在家鄉(xiāng)倡導(dǎo)女孩的教育，沒有被塔利班的威脅所嚇倒，塔利班強烈反對女性教育。她非凡的勇氣和毅力贏得了國際關(guān)注，但也使她成為備受矚目的目標(biāo))”以及第四段中“Despitethemyriadchallengesshehasfaced,Malalaremainsanindomitablebeaconofhopeandinspirationformillionsacrosstheglobe.(盡管面臨無數(shù)挑戰(zhàn)，馬拉拉仍然是全球數(shù)百萬人的希望和靈感的不屈不撓的燈塔)”可知，馬拉拉在11歲就開始倡導(dǎo)女孩教育，不畏塔利班威脅，即便遭遇槍擊事件后仍堅持為教育權(quán)利奮斗，仍然堅持自己的信念，這種勇氣和決心貫穿了她的整個故事。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“ThesalientlessonwecangleanfromMalalaYousafzai’sextraordinarylifeisthateveninthecrucibleofgreatperil,onecansummonthecouragetostandupforwhatisrightandeffectmeaningfulchange.(我們可以從馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福扎伊非凡的一生中吸取的重要教訓(xùn)是，即使在巨大危險的嚴(yán)峻考驗中，人們也可以鼓起勇氣，堅持正確的事情，實現(xiàn)有意義的變革)”可知，她在面臨巨大危險和諸多挑戰(zhàn)的情況下，依然勇敢地為正確的事情挺身而出并帶來有意義的改變，這表明逆境可以通過韌性和希望來克服。故選D。CIhaveaccumulatedasubstantialdegreeoffamiliaritywithToastmasters,anorganizationthatissteadfastlycommittedtoaidingindividualsinsurmountingtheirapprehensionsrelatedtopublicspeaking.ItwasseveralyearsagothatIinitiallyjoinedthisesteemedgroup,drivenbytheearnestdesiretoaugmentmyownoratoricalcapabilities.Subsequenttodeliveringoneofmyspeeches,thecritiqueIreceivedwasratherharsh,andregardlessofwhetheritwasintendedtobeconstructive,theprocessofassimilatingsuchfeedbackprovedtobeaformidablechallenge,leavingmefeelingemotionallydistressed.ThroughoutmyassociationwithToastmasters,Ihavegleanedamultitudeofvaluableinsights,oneofthemostsalientbeingthepivotalroleofeffectivefeedback.Foradults,theactofembracingcriticalevaluationsfromothersisoftenanarduousendeavor,evenwhensuchcritiquesarewell-intentioned.Thus,itcomesasnosurprisethatchildren,too,mayencounterconsiderabledifficultiesinthisregard.Nevertheless,thefeedbackthatchildrenreceivefromeducatorsandparentsisundeniablyvitaltotheiroverallgrowthanddevelopment.Consequently,itbehoovesparentstonotonlymastertheartofdeliveringfeedbackinamannerthatisbotheffectiveandempatheticbutalsotoinstillintheirchildrentheabilitytoreceivesuchfeedbackwithanopenmindandadiscerningspirit.Themannerinwhichparentsconveytheirfeedbackisofequalsignificancetothespecificlexiconemployed.Whileonemayharborthebestintentions,poorlyarticulatedfeedbackcan,paradoxically,provetobemoredetrimentalthanbeneficial.Itisimperative,therefore,tocultivateanenvironmentwithinthehomethatisbothwelcomingandsecure,facilitatingthereceptionandprocessingoffeedback.Particularlywithintheparent-childdynamic,feedbackmustbehealthy,constructive,andconsistent.Thechoiceofwords,too,isofparamountimportance.InarecentarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.AdamGrant,adistinguishedorganizationalpsychologistattheWhartonSchool,positsthatemployingnounsratherthanverbstoencouragechildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whenitcomestoprovidingnegativefeedback,theuseofverbsgenerallyyieldsmoreadvantageousoutcomes.Aparent’sfeedbackservesasthefoundationalframeworkforhowachildwillsubsequentlymanagetheirinternaldialogue.Consider,forinstance,aconversationyoumighthavewithyourchildregardingtheiraspirationsandgoals.Yourfeedbackhasthepotentialnotonlytospurthemtoconcentrateontheircurrentpositionbutalsotoreflectupontheprogresstheyhavemadethusfar.Thistypeoffeedbackcan,inturn,inspirethemtopersevereandultimatelyreachtheirdesireddestination.8.WhydoestheauthorsharetheirexperiencewithToastmasters?A.Toillustratetheimportanceofjoiningpublicspeakingclubs.B.Todemonstratetheimpactofharshfeedback.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofproperfeedbackinpersonalgrowth.D.Toexplaintheprimaryfunctionoffeedbackinskilldevelopment.9.AccordingtoDr.AdamGrant,whichtypesoffeedbackareconsideredeffective?①You’reabighelper.②You’reapoormathlearner.③You’vebeenhelpfulthisafternoon.④Youdidn’tdowellonthismathtest.A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④10.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“spur”inthelastparagraph?A.Restrict.B.Observe.C.Persuade.D.Motivate.11.Whichofthefollowingbestcapturesthemainideaofthepassage?A.StrategiesforRespondingtoConstructiveCriticism.B.TheImportanceofReceivingFeedbackwithOpenness.C.TechniquesforDeliveringEffectiveFeedback.D.TheRoleofPublicSpeakinginPersonalDevelopment.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章通過作者在Toastmasters的經(jīng)歷，強調(diào)了反饋在個人成長中的關(guān)鍵作用，并探討了如何有效地給予和接受反饋?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“IhaveaccumulatedasubstantialdegreeoffamiliaritywithToastmasters,anorganizationthatissteadfastlycommittedtoaidingindividualsinsurmountingtheirapprehensionsrelatedtopublicspeaking.ItwasseveralyearsagothatIinitiallyjoinedthisesteemedgroup,drivenbytheearnestdesiretoaugmentmyownoratoricalcapabilities.Subsequenttodeliveringoneofmyspeeches,thecritiqueIreceivedwasratherharsh,andregardlessofwhetheritwasintendedtobeconstructive,theprocessofassimilatingsuchfeedbackprovedtobeaformidablechallenge,leavingmefeelingemotionallydistressed.(我對Toastmasters已經(jīng)積累了相當(dāng)程度的熟悉，這是一個堅定地致力于幫助個人克服與公開演講有關(guān)的恐懼的組織。幾年前，我第一次加入這個受人尊敬的團體，是出于增強自己演講能力的強烈愿望。在我的一次演講之后，我收到的批評相當(dāng)嚴(yán)厲，不管它是否具有建設(shè)性，吸收這些反饋的過程證明是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，讓我感到情緒低落)”以及第二段“ThroughoutmyassociationwithToastmasters,Ihavegleanedamultitudeofvaluableinsights,oneofthemostsalientbeingthepivotalroleofeffectivefeedback.(在我與Toastmasters的交往中，我收集了許多有價值的見解，其中最突出的是有效反饋的關(guān)鍵作用)”可知，作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷，說明了反饋對個人成長的重要性。他提到，盡管反饋有時可能讓人感到不適，但它對于個人的成長和發(fā)展是不可或缺的。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thechoiceofwords,too,isofparamountimportance.InarecentarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.AdamGrant,adistinguishedorganizationalpsychologistattheWhartonSchool,positsthatemployingnounsratherthanverbstoencouragechildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whenitcomestoprovidingnegativefeedback,theuseofverbsgenerallyyieldsmoreadvantageousoutcomes.(詞匯的選擇也是至關(guān)重要的。沃頓商學(xué)院杰出的組織心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)·格蘭特博士最近在《紐約時報》上發(fā)表的一篇文章中指出，用名詞而不是動詞來鼓勵孩子的效果“要高出22%到29%”。然而，當(dāng)涉及到提供負(fù)面反饋時，使用動詞通常會產(chǎn)生更有利的結(jié)果)”可知，有效的正面反饋應(yīng)該是使用名詞，而有效的負(fù)面反饋應(yīng)該是使用動詞。選項①“You’reabighelper”使用了名詞，是有效的正面反饋；選項④“Youdidn’tdowellonthismathtest.”使用了動詞，是有效的負(fù)面反饋。故選B項?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thistypeoffeedbackcan,inturn,inspirethemtopersevereandultimatelyreachtheirdesireddestination.(這種類型的反饋反過來又能激勵他們堅持下去，最終達(dá)到他們想要的目標(biāo))”以及劃線詞后文“themtoconcentrateontheircurrentposition”可知，這種反饋能激勵他們堅持下去，推動他們向前，實現(xiàn)最終目標(biāo)，即反饋可以激勵他們專注于目前的職位，故“spur”一詞的意思是“刺激”或“激勵”，與D項意思相近。故選D。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第二段“ThroughoutmyassociationwithToastmasters,Ihavegleanedamultitudeofvaluableinsights,oneofthemostsalientbeingthepivotalroleofeffectivefeedback.(在我與Toastmasters的交往中，我收集了許多有價值的見解，其中最突出的是有效反饋的關(guān)鍵作用)”和倒數(shù)第二段“Thechoiceofwords,too,isofparamountimportance.InarecentarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.AdamGrant,adistinguishedorganizationalpsychologistattheWhartonSchool,positsthatemployingnounsratherthanverbstoencouragechildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whenitcomestoprovidingnegativefeedback,theuseofverbsgenerallyyieldsmoreadvantageousoutcomes.(詞匯的選擇也是至關(guān)重要的。沃頓商學(xué)院杰出的組織心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)·格蘭特博士最近在《紐約時報》上發(fā)表的一篇文章中指出，用名詞而不是動詞來鼓勵孩子的效果“要高出22%到29%”。然而，當(dāng)涉及到提供負(fù)面反饋時，使用動詞通常會產(chǎn)生更有利的結(jié)果)”可知，作者通過自己在Toastmasters的經(jīng)歷，討論了反饋的重要性，特別是對于兒童的成長和教育。文章強調(diào)了給予和接受反饋的藝術(shù)，以及如何通過有效的反饋幫助孩子成長。故選項C“提供有效反饋的技巧”最能抓住文章的主要思想。故選C。DIfthefindingsofabunchofnewclimaticresearchesconductedrecentlyareanyguide,wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyaswellastheenvironmentcouldbequitesevere.Geographershavemadeapredictionthatwithinthefutureeightyyears,currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandchancesarethatsomecouldcompletelydisappear.Polarregionswillgetcolderwhiletropicalregionswillgetevenhotter,forcinganimalstomigratenorth.Climatechangeslikethesecouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.Tropicalstormsandhurricaneswillnotonlyincreaseinnumbersbutinintensityaswell.Ifthechangescometooquickly,animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcouldfaceextinction.AccordingtoScienceDaily,anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100,manyoftoday’sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday’sworld.Itisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar-reachingconsequencesforthesakeofthewholeworld.Theplanetearthitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange,whichconcernsthescientificcommunitydeeply.In2004,aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2008,thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.Egyptwashitin2009withamajorearthquakeandHaitiwasdevastatedin2010byyetanothermassiveearthquake.Withinjustthelastfewmonths,newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslyexpected.Atthispoint,itdoesn’tmatterwhat’scausingit,butrather,whatcanbedoneaboutit.What’smore,ourworldisgettingmoreandmoreunstableeveryyear.Therehasbeenwarandthreatofwareverywhere.Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.However,astronomicalobservationshavebeenshowingsignsthatotherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbehindsuchmysteriousphenomena.Yetnooneknowsanythingforsureatthispointbecausethereissimplynotenoughdata.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastated”inParagraph3mean?A.shocked. B.destroyed. C.frightened. D.impacted.13.Theexamplesofseveraldestructiveearthquakesareusedtosupporttheideathat______.A.Earthquakeshavecausedsignificantdamagetothehumansociety.B.Measuresmustbetakentopreventfutureearthquakesfromcausingdamage.C.Somemajorchangesseemtobetakingplaceontheplanetearth.D.Theprobabilityofmoreearthquakeshappeninginthefutureremainsstrong.14.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,howshouldwereacttoclimatechange?A.Weshouldexplorethereasonsforclimatechange.B.Weshouldexplorepossiblemeasurestodealwithit.C.Weshouldstopenvironmentalpollutioncompletely.D.Weshouldplantomovetootherplanetsassoonaspossible.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Specieswon’tbecomeextinctaslongasclimatechangehappensslowly.B.There’senoughdataathandforustopredictthefutureofclimatechange.C.Theworldisgettingmoreunstablebecauseoflarge-scalemigration.D.Theearthisnotaloneinexperiencingmajorclimatechangescurrently.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了氣候變化對地球及社會環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重影響?！?2題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“ In2004,aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2008,thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.(2004年，一場大地震引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重海嘯在蘇門答臘島造成數(shù)千人死亡，2008年，中國又發(fā)生了一場強烈地震，造成數(shù)千人死亡)”推知，劃線詞所在部分是指海地在地震中受到了嚴(yán)重的破壞。故劃線詞意為“摧毀，破壞”。與選項B“destroyed(破壞)”為同義詞。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theplanetearthitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange,whichconcernsthescientificcommunitydeeply.(地球本身已經(jīng)顯示出變化的跡象，這引起了科學(xué)界的深切關(guān)注)”可知，作者舉出幾個破壞性地震的例子是為了支持地球正在發(fā)生重大變化的觀點。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Withinjustthelastfewmonths,newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslyexpected.Atthispoint,itdoesn’tmatterwhat’scausingit,butrather,whatcanbedoneaboutit.(在過去的幾個月里，世界各地不斷傳來新的報告，大多數(shù)報告都認(rèn)為我們的氣候狀況比先前預(yù)料的要糟糕得多。在這個時候，是什么原因造成的并不重要，重要的是我們能做些什么)”可知，對于氣候變化，我們應(yīng)該探索可能的應(yīng)對措施，而不是糾結(jié)其原因。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,astronomicalobservationshavebeenshowingsignsthatotherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbehindsuchmysteriousphenomena.(然而，天文觀測已經(jīng)顯示出其他星球也在經(jīng)歷全球變暖的跡象，就像我們自己的地球一樣，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這些神秘現(xiàn)象背后可能存在著某種聯(lián)系)”可知，地球并非唯一正在經(jīng)歷重大氣候變化的星球，其他星球也在經(jīng)歷類似的變化。故選D。二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。ThePowerofThinkingDifferentlyJustinthepastfewweeks,mywifehasbecomethesupporteroftheconceptofzero-wasteliving.Zero-wasteisobviouslyaboutchangingbehaviorstoproducelesswaste.Butasmywifesharedwithmealltheinventivewayspeoplearegettingaroundusingplasticorreusingclothesorcontrollingthedesiretoaccrue(積累)thingswedon’treallyneed,Irealizedthat,zero-wastestartswithsomethingelse.___16___Andinmanyways,thefirststep,whichissimplybeingwillingtodosomethingdifferently,canbethehardeststepofall.ThiscametomindasIreadacoverstoryineducation.Ostensibly(表面上),it’saboutmoreandmorecollegesagreeingtodropstandardizedtestsasarequiredmeasureofstudentaptitude(天賦).___17___Thatisalwaysgoingtobehard.Butinrecentdecades,collegeshaverealizedthattheoldwaysofjudgingindividualvalue,whilenotnecessarilywrong,werenarrow.Whiletheyidentifiedonekindofstudentwell,theydidnotaccountforawiderangeofexperiences,skills,andqualitiesthatwerenolessimportanttoachievementandsuccess.___18___Thetestsweren’tgoodenough.Schoolscoulddobetter.Sowhathashappened?Schoolsareincreasinglyconsentingtothinkdifferentlyaboutadmissions.Theyhaveresolvedtodothebesttheycantoseethewholeindividual.___19___Somethinkdroppingmandatorystandardizedtestsisamistake.However,oncethefirststepistaken,theonwardpullofreasonandmoralityspeedprogress.Atatimewhenthereappearstobesomuchconfusionintheworld,itispossibletolookoutandinsteadseesomethingelse:theworldstrugglingwiththeperpetual(長久的)taskofconsentingtonewideas.Politicstodayshowhoweasilywecanbecomestuckinthementallyfamiliar.___20___Thatcanbeanadmissionsofficerwantingtobemorethoughtfulinextendingthebenefitsthatherschooloffers.Oritcanbeazero-wastebloggeraskingusalltothinkdifferentlyabouthowwecontributetogreaterbalanceintheworld.Theonlyconstantistheuniversalneedforprogress,andthatwillneverleaveuswhereitfoundus.A.Itstartswithconsenting(同意)tochangethought.B.Undoubtedlytherehavebeenmisstepsalongtheway.C.Inshort,theyleftalotofamazingpeopleoutanddidn’tevenknowit.D.Butatitsheart,itrevealssomethingmorefundamental:howwejudgeindividualvalue.E.Theyofferthemostchallengingacademicprogramsandensureeverystudent’sphysicalandmentalhealth.F.Theworld,ontheotherhand,isconstantlydemandingthatwebekinderandmoreconnectedandthinkeverlarger.G.Manyuniversitiesknowntobehighlyselectiveintheiradmissionspoliciesreceivedmoreapplicantsthanusual.【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.G20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。本文講述了不同思維方式的力量，通過零浪費生活和大學(xué)錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的變化來闡述這一主題?！?6題詳析】上文“Butasmywifesharedwithmealltheinventivewayspeoplearegettingaroundusingplasticorreusingclothesorcontrollingthedesiretoaccruethingswedon’treallyneed,Irealizedthat,zero-wastestartswithsomethingelse.(但當(dāng)我妻子和我分享人們想出的各種方法來避免使用塑料、重復(fù)使用衣服或控制購買我們并不真正需要的東西的欲望時，我意識到，零浪費始于其他的東西。)”說明“零浪費”不僅僅是一種行為上的改變，其背后有更深的含義。下文“Andinmanyways,thefirststep,whichissimplybeingwillingtodosomethingdifferently,canbethehardeststepofall.(在很多方面，第一步，也就是愿意以不同的方式做事，可能是最難的一步。)”強調(diào)了改變思想或思維方式的重要性，這是實現(xiàn)零浪費的第一步，也是最難的一步。選項A“它始于同意改變思想”符合語境，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選A。【17題詳析】上文“Ostensibly,it’saboutmoreandmorecollegesagreeingtodropstandardizedtestsasarequiredmeasureofstudentaptitude.(表面上，這是關(guān)于越來越多的大學(xué)同意放棄將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試作為學(xué)生能力的必要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”介紹了越來越多的大學(xué)同意放棄將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試作為學(xué)生能力的必要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)這一現(xiàn)象?？仗幮枰忉屵@一變化背后的更深層次原因。選項D“但在其核心，它揭示了更根本的東西：我們?nèi)绾闻袛鄠€人價值”符合語境，揭示了這一變化背后的核心問題，即我們?nèi)绾闻袛鄠€人價值。故選D。【18題詳析】上文“Whiletheyidentifiedonekindofstudentwell,theydidnotaccountforawiderangeofexperiences,skills,andqualitiesthatwerenolessimportanttoachievementandsuccess.(雖然他們很好地識別出了一種類型的學(xué)生，但他們并沒有考慮到一系列對成就和成功同樣重要的經(jīng)驗、技能和品質(zhì)。)”指出了過去判斷學(xué)生價值的方式的局限性。選項C“簡而言之，他們錯過了很多優(yōu)秀的人，甚至都不知道”符合語境，進(jìn)一步說明了這種局限性導(dǎo)致的后果，即很多優(yōu)秀的人被忽視。故選C?！?9題詳析】上文“Theyhaveresolvedtodothebesttheycantoseethewholeindividual.(他們決心盡自己所能看到學(xué)生的全貌。)”說明了學(xué)校在錄取學(xué)生時，不再僅僅看重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試的成績，而是更注重學(xué)生的全面素質(zhì)。選項G“許多以錄取政策高度選擇性而聞名的大學(xué)收到了比往常更多的申請者”符合語境，可能是因為學(xué)校改變了錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，吸引了更多不同類型的申請者。下文“Somethinkdroppingmandatorystandardizedtestsisamistake.(有些人認(rèn)為取消強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試是個錯誤。)”中的“droppingmandatorystandardizedtests”與選項G中的“highlyselectiveintheiradmissionspolicies”相呼應(yīng)，進(jìn)一步說明了學(xué)校錄取政策的變化。故選G。【20題詳析】下文“Thatcanbeanadmissionsofficerwantingtobemorethoughtfulinextendingthebenefitsthatherschooloffers.Oritcanbeazero-wastebloggeraskingusalltothinkdifferentlyabouthowwecontributetogreaterbalanceintheworld.(這可能是一位招生官想要更有思考地擴展她所在學(xué)校提供的福利?；蛘呖赡苁且晃涣憷速M博主要求我們所有人以不同的方式思考我們?nèi)绾螢槭澜绺蟮钠胶庾龀鲐暙I(xiàn)。)”中的“thinkingdifferently”與選項F中的“thinkeverlarger”相呼應(yīng)，進(jìn)一步說明了我們需要改變思維方式，以更廣闊的視野來看待問題。選項F“另一方面，世界不斷地要求我們更加善良、更加團結(jié)，思考得更廣泛”符合語境。故選F。三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。FlyingovertheBraziliancityofSaoPaolo,peoplehardlymissthe3.2-kilometer-longand100-meter-widegreentreesbetweenthecity’sbusiestroads.ItisknownasTiquatiraLinearPark,anditistheworkofasinglemanwhohasworked____21____forover20years.Originally,HeliodaSilvawasasuccessfulmanagerformanyyears.Butafter____22____,hestartedplantingtreesin2003andhasn’t____23____since.Withinthefirstfouryearsofhisproject,heplanted5,000trees.Hisimpressive____24____madethegovernmentofSaoPaolo____25____hiseffortsandacknowledgetheareaasthefirstlinearparkinSaoPaulo.This____26____daSilvatocontinueplantingtrees.By2020,theretired____27____hadplantedmorethan25,047treesovera3.2-km-longarea.Forevery12trees,hehasplantedafruit-bearingspeciesinthe____28____ofattractingbirdsandanimals.Hiswork____29____,as45typesofbird