(完整版)AmericanEducation美國(guó)教育

AmericanEducationAmericanEducationMainContents:1.History2.System3.Comparison4.Somefamousuniversities5.ThefutureTwofactorsmadetheeducationofAmericastart.

Thisimmigrationofhighereducationbackgroundmadethemattachgreatimportancetoeducation.AndtheearlyimmigrantsfromEnglandneededakindofculturetohelpthemunderstandTheBiblebythemselvesbecauseoftheirdevotiontoreligion.EducationintheU.S.---HistoryThePuritanssetupschoolsasinstinctivelyastheysetupchurches:(1).TheBostonLatinSchoolin1635,(2).HarvardCollegein1636,(3).Theytooktheirfirststeptowardestablishingasystemofpublicschools.(4).In1647,Massachusettspassedaradicallaw,whichrequiredeverytowntoprovideitschildrenwithschoolsandschoolmasters.InJune1753,BenjaminFranklindecidedthenew-modelcollegewouldfocusontheprofessions,withclassestaughtinEnglishinsteadofLatin,havesubjectmatterexpertsasprofessorsinsteadofonetutorleadingaclassforfouryears,andtherewouldbenoreligioustestforadmissionEducationintheU.S.---HistoryTheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates,whothemselveswereeducators,laiddowntheprinciplesandinstitutionsofeducationwhichstillflourish.OfalltheFoundingFathers,itwasThomasJeffersonwhocontributedmosttoAmericaneducationalphilosophyandpractice.ItwasJeffersonwho,inhisoldage,builtalmostsingle-handed,thefirstgreatstateuniversityinAmerica---theUniversityofVirginia.TheoriginabouttheEducationoftheUSAEducationinAmericancanbetrackedbacktothepuritansintheearly17thcentury,theythinkeverypersonshouldbeabletoreadtheBibleIn1634theyopeneda''Laingrammer"schoolforthosewhowantedtopreperforcollege;In1636,Harydwasfoundedforthetrainingofreligiousministers.During1630s-1640s,Lawswerepassedforcompulsoryeducationforallchildrenandpublictaxationforschools.In1647,Massachusettspassedaradicallaw,whichrequiredeverytowntoprovideitschildrenwithschoolsandschoolmasters.TheLaws

《ElementaryandSecondaryEducationAct》《美國(guó)中小學(xué)教育法》isthebasiceducationactoftheUnitedStates,whichreflectsthefederalgovernment'srequirementsforthenationalpublicbasiceducationschools.《TheHigherEducationAct》《高等教育法案》AdoptionoftheHigherEducationActAmendmentsof1992formalizedasignificantshiftinfederalfinancialaidpolicyfromgrantstoloans《HigherEducationOpportunityAct》《高等教育機(jī)會(huì)法案》TheHigherEducationOpportunityAct(PublicLaw110-315)(HEOA)wasenactedonAugust14,2008,andreauthorizestheHigherEducationActof1965,asamended(HEA).《GeneralProvisionofEducationAct》《教育總則法》EducationintheU.S.---EducationalSystemsGeneralintroductionEarlychildhoodeducationPrimaryandsecondaryschoolsHighereducationSupplementaryinformationGeneralIntroduction

Americansareproudofthefactthatthewindowofknowledgeisneverslammedshutforanyofthenation’scitizens.Childrenareallowedtoattendclasseswithkidsofvariousraces,schoolshaveequalopportunitiesforbothmalesandfemales,andforchildrenwithdisabilitiesorhandicaps.Noweachandeverystudentcangetanequalchancetobeeducated.Americanpublicschoolshavefourbasiccharacteristicsincommon:theyarelocallycontrolled,freefromreligiousinfluence,coeducational,andpubliclysupportedbytaxes.

The

American

education

of

all

types

and

at

all

levels

join

each

other

in

structure

and

communicate

with

each

other

up

and

down.

At

any

rate,

from

elementary

school

through

college,

Americans

hold

the

belief

that

everyone

deserves

a

fair

and

equal

opportunity

to

get

a

good

education,

and

that

part

of

the

responsibility

of

the

government

is

to

make

sure

that

such

an

opportunity

is

not

denied

to

any

one

of

them.One

of

the

striking

features,

differ

American

education

system

from

other

European

countries’

education

system,

call

a

monorail

system.Itformedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandcanbespecificallydividedintothebottom-upstructure:primaryschool,secondaryschool,andthenuniversity."Rail"isthenumberofclassinonegrade.

SimplegeneralizationPrimaryschoolAmericanchildrenstartschoolattheageoffiveyears.Thefirstyearatschooliscalledkindergarten.SecondaryschoolSecondaryschoolmostcommonlyconsistsofatotalofsevenyears,referredtoassixththroughtwelfthgradesUndergraduateschoolUndergraduateschoolofferseitheratwo-yeardegreeorafour-yeardegreeinaspecificcourseofmajor.GraduateschoolStudentswhohaveobtainedabachelor’sdegreecancontinuetheireducationbypursuingoneoftwotypesofdegrees.

ElementarySchoolGradeAgeRemarksKindergarten5-6K-2:Primarygrades1(first)6-72(second)7-83(third)8-93-5:Intermediategrades

4(fourth)9-105(fifth)10-11MiddleSchoolRemarks6(sixth)7(seventh)11-12*SomesystemshaveJuniorHighSchoolforGrades7and8.

8(eighth)13-1413-14HighSchoolGradeAge9(Freshman)14-1510(sophomore)15-1611(Junior)16-1712(Senior)17-18HigherEducationTypesofSchoolsPublicSchools:Financedwithtaxmoney.Facetoall(K-12)PrivateSchools:ReligiousorwithaparticulareducationalphilosophyHomeSchools:Parentsteachingchildrenathome

publiceducation

Between1825and1850,publiceducationwasestablishedinAmerica.PubliceducationisuniversallyrequiredattheK–12level,andisavailableatstatecollegesanduniversitiesforallstudents.K–12publicschoolcurricula,budgets,andpoliciesaresetthroughlocallyelectedschoolboards,whohavejurisdictionoverindividualschooldistricts.Stategovernmentssetoveralleducationalstandards,oftenmandatestandardizedtestsforK–12publicschoolsystems,andsupervise,usuallythroughaboardofregents,statecollegesanduniversities.Fundingcomesfromthestate,local,andfederalgovernment.PrivateschoolsPrivateschoolsaregenerallyfreetodeterminetheirowncurriculumandstaffingpolicies,withvoluntaryaccreditationavailablethroughindependentregionalaccreditationauthorities.About87%ofschool-agechildrenattendpublicschools,about10%attendprivateschools,andmorethan3%arehomeschooled.HomeSchoolsInhomeschooling,parentsteachtheirownchildrenUsuallydoneforreligiousreasonsorbecauseparentsareunhappywithpublicschoolsApproximately2.2%ofAmericanchildrenarehomeschooledTestsSAT:ScholasticAssessmentTest學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)測(cè)驗(yàn)ScholasticAptitudeTest學(xué)術(shù)性向測(cè)驗(yàn)ACT:AmericanCollegeTestingGRE:GraduateRecordExamination美國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試DegreesCollegegrades,fromhighesttolowest,runABCDF.AnFisafailinggrade.Aftercompletingfouracademicyearswithacceptablegradesinanapprovedcourseofstudy,thestudentearnsBachelorofArtsorBachelorofSciencedegree.Amaster’sdegreecanbeearnedbyoneortwoacademicyearsofstudybeyondthebachelor’sdegree.APh.D.degreeusuallytakesatleastthreeyearsbeyondthemaster’s.American

vsBritain

vs

China

ChinaAmericaEnglandCollegefor3or4yearsCollegefor3yearsCollegefor4yearsStudentstaketheCEE,thatis“Gaokao”beforeUniversityStudenttaketheA-levelsbeforeUniversityStudenttaketheSAT(orACT)and2SATII’sbeforeUniversityBeforetheageof5,schoolsarecalledkindergartenBeforetheageof5,schoolsarecallednurseryschoolsBeforetheageof5,schoolsarecalledpreschoolsInChina,thepurposeofschoolistoleteveryoneacceptseducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.

IntheUKthepurposeofschoolistoprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsociety,andalsotosocializechildrenIntheUSA,thegoalistoachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindividualswithknowledgeandskillsnecessarytopromoteboththeirownindividualwelfareaswellasthatofthegeneralpublic.

InBritain,AmericaandChina,schoolsenrollingallkindofpeopletoequalizeeducationalopportunities.Andaftergraduatedfromuniversity,degreetitles,whichschoolprovided,iscalledBachelor’sDegree,whileasecondarydegreeiscalledMaster’sDegree,andDoctorateDegree.finalexaminations

mid-termexaminationsChina:StudyinclassroomalldayAmerica:EmphasizesocialpracticeChina:EmphasizemechanicalmemorizingAmerica:Emphasizechildren“powerofunderstanding

CharacteristicsofAmericanEducationInmanyfieldsandindustries,theAmericaneducationalsystemisrecognizedasofferingthemostcutting-edge,sought-afterprogramsattheworld'sbestschools.ThatiswhywebelievegraduatingfromanaccreditedAmericanschoolandbeingexposedtotherigorsoftheAmericaneducationalsystemisasoundinvestmentinyourchild'sfuture.Americanschoolsofferaholisticprogramthatencouragesabroadeducationalexperienceinbothcurricularandco-curricularareas.TheIvyLeague(常青藤盟校）

Someofthebest-knownprivateuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesarelocatedintheNortheast.TheyaretheoldestonesinAmericaaswell,knowninformallyastheIvyLeague.TheseincludeHarvard,Yale,Princeton,Brown,Columbia,Cornell,Dartmouth,andUniversityofPennsylvania,withthefirstthreeknownas“TheBigThree”.HarvardUniversityHar