(完整)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普類說(shuō)明文4篇-較難(有答案)

高考英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文4篇1Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustire.Itsoundsabsurd/?b's??d/荒謬的.Butayearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastage

階段offatigue

/f?'ti?g/(疲勞).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer勞動(dòng)者,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins

/'t?ks?n/(毒素)andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftly很快地attheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional(情緒的)attitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin

/'?r?d??n/起源.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofsittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety

/??'za??t?/焦慮,tenseness緊張,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated---thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer’sblood.B.AlbertEinsteindidn’tfeelwornafteraday’swork.C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabo3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientists’idea?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto________.A.havesomegoodfood.B.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins2Theybabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert

/?'l??t/（警覺(jué)）.Twentycentimeters厘fromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze（凝視）startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness名，新奇?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects(acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon),changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同樣地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.5.TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebaby’s__.A.senseofhearingB.senseofsightC.senseoftouchDsenseofsmell6.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein______.A.thesizeofcardsB.thecolourofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects7.Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats?A.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.B.Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.C.Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.D.Tokeepthebabies’interest.8.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Children’sliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport3Lastnight’smeteor(流星)英

/'mi?t??/showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemanding苛求的；要求高的；吃力的answers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclild,EmeraldValley’smayor市長(zhǎng),peoplegatheredinthesuburbs

/'s?b??b/ofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenebythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointments.”Astronomers-

/?'str?n?m?/n.天文學(xué)家--scientistswhostudystarsandplanets----havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateur

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/'?m?.t??r/n.愛(ài)好者starobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,batsfrogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(遷徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrashes撞碎withlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalscasualties(傷亡）resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona/,?ri'z?un?/美

/,?ri'z?un?/n.美國(guó)亞利桑那州,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.英

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/?b'z?v?t?ri/n.天文臺(tái)；氣象臺(tái)；瞭望臺(tái)Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderway進(jìn)行中的toremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.9.Ithappenedlastnightthatthecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting10.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforeB.TheirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepairC.LightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyearsD.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting11.WhattheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.BirdsmaytakeothermigrationpathsB.AnimalslivinghabitsmaychangesuddenlyC.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreducedD.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting12.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,ArizonaareputintoeffecttoA.LessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony13.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.SavingwildlifeissavingourselvesB.GreateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergyC.HumanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendlyD.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy4Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow，however，thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5，100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn'tbecomepopularfor.while,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficultsituation.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurfaces,roadswithsmoothsurfacesweren'tgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually,roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother,butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad--abaselayer(層)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsman蘇格蘭人improvedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs英

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/h?b/n.中心；轂；木片(thecentralpartofawheel)、came