考研英語作文模板 2016真題

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Ifstruethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputersciencein

college.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTom

Cortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputer

science,theylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatool

tobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheir

thoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksand

usingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethe

numberofpeopleinterestedinihefieldandhelpfillihejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobene拼fromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,where

introductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivethe

less-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaylolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemany

codingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.The

high-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey're

interestedin,^^saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsare

developingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenext

Facebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails,,languagethey

learnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn一

howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,

saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcoders

isnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers一in

theirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearn

howcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant-theearlierthey

learnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto.

A.completefuturejobtrainingB.remodelthewayofthinking

C.formulatelogicalhypothesesD.perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir.

A.experienceB.interest

C.careerprospectsD.academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill___.

A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

B.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

C.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

D.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto.

A.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

B.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

C.becomebetterpreparedfbrthedigitalizedworld

D.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

25.Theword"coax”(Line3,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.challenge

Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens-一akindofbirdliving

onstretchinggrasslands-oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwestemand

southwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthe

species5historicrange.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedto

formallylistthebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,said

USFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhad

pushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,“astatusthatgivesfederalofficials

greaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe

“threatened“taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallyless

confrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledfbrforgingcloser

collaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionand

withtheprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinesses

thatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-wide

managementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplan

requiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoa

fundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobe

usedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoring

prairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.Andit

givestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstate

agencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states“remaininthedriver's

seatformanagingthespecies,“Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblockthe

plan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsare

challengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,doesn'tgofarenough“Thefederalgovernmentis

givingresponsibilityfbrmanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,v

saysbiologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonfbrlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis

[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B|theunderestimateofthegrassland

acreage

[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivate

landowners

27.The“threatened“tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit

[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesin

action

[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphsthatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedif

they_____

[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybig

habitat

[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWS

operations

29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin

[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies

[C]thelandowners[D|thestates

3O.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport

[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric

[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallenge

Text3

Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliche.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespecially

mournfully：There?sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseem

sufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:"GiveupTV"or"Carry

abookwithyouatalltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30

minutesdoesn'twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning

-orelseyou'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed.Themodemmind,

TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,t4isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itis

notsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption,\Deepreading

requiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybecoming

moreefficient.

Infact,"becomingmoreefficient“ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobe

maximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyin

sofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeing

willingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemand

you'llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading一useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.

“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,“

writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sized

bottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhave

wastedthem,,.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthink

thismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus

“stepoutsidetime'sflow”into“soultime".Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysical

books,oronsingle-purposee-readers,"Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too

—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyou

temporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,it

nolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread,“butjustreading,andmakingtimefor

everythingelse.

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause

[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind

[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

32.The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto

[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling

[C]carrytheirplansthrough|D]pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps

[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set[B|developonlinereadinghabits

[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading

34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif

[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

[B|allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe

[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading[B|HowtoFindTimetoRead

[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals[D]HowtoReadExtensively

Text4

Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,younger

Americansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.

Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditional

milestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,and

retiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineof

afulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultsto

prioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostby

regularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,

toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andto

maintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthe

searingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthat

willincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferences

tohousingpatternstopolitics.

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidthey

believeitisharderfbryoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.

Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsfbr

thosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose'justgettingstartedinlifeM

faceatougheragood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordable

housing.

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnician

fromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennow

thatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid."Ican'taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmy

own,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen.,,Lookingback,heisstruckthat

hisparentscouldprovideacomfortablel