高中信息技術(shù)人教中圖版(2019)必修1 1.2數(shù)字化與編碼 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

高中信息技術(shù)人教中圖版(2019)必修11.2數(shù)字化與編碼教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)課題：科目：班級：課時：計(jì)劃1課時教師：單位：一、設(shè)計(jì)思路本節(jié)課以高中信息技術(shù)人教中圖版(2019)必修11.2數(shù)字化與編碼為教學(xué)內(nèi)容，旨在讓學(xué)生了解數(shù)字化與編碼的基本概念，掌握二進(jìn)制、八進(jìn)制、十六進(jìn)制等進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換方法，以及ASCII碼和Unicode編碼的原理和應(yīng)用。通過設(shè)計(jì)豐富的實(shí)踐活動，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將理論知識與實(shí)際應(yīng)用相結(jié)合，提高學(xué)生的信息素養(yǎng)和問題解決能力。二、核心素養(yǎng)目標(biāo)分析本節(jié)課培養(yǎng)學(xué)生信息意識，理解信息社會中數(shù)字化表達(dá)的重要性，提升算法思維，通過進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換和編碼知識的學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)展邏輯推理能力。同時，強(qiáng)化學(xué)生技術(shù)倫理意識，認(rèn)識到信息技術(shù)的雙面性，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在數(shù)字化環(huán)境中負(fù)責(zé)任地使用信息的能力。三、學(xué)習(xí)者分析1.學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了哪些相關(guān)知識：

學(xué)生在此前可能已經(jīng)接觸過一些基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)學(xué)知識，如十進(jìn)制和二進(jìn)制的概念，以及簡單的二進(jìn)制運(yùn)算。此外，學(xué)生可能對計(jì)算機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)組成有一定的了解，但對數(shù)字化與編碼的具體原理和過程可能較為陌生。

2.學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣、能力和學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格：

學(xué)生對信息技術(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)興趣普遍較高，尤其是在游戲、社交媒體等數(shù)字化產(chǎn)品的影響下，學(xué)生對數(shù)字化的世界充滿好奇。學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力較強(qiáng)，能夠快速掌握新知識，但部分學(xué)生可能在邏輯思維和抽象概念的理解上存在困難。學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格上，學(xué)生傾向于通過實(shí)踐操作來學(xué)習(xí)，對于需要動手操作的實(shí)踐活動表現(xiàn)出較高的參與度。

3.學(xué)生可能遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)：

學(xué)生在理解進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換和編碼原理時可能遇到困難，特別是在從十進(jìn)制到二進(jìn)制等非十進(jìn)制系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)換過程中。此外，對于編碼的概念和ASCII碼、Unicode編碼的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，學(xué)生可能難以建立起直觀的聯(lián)系。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，學(xué)生可能需要克服對抽象概念的抵觸情緒，以及在實(shí)際操作中可能出現(xiàn)的錯誤和挫折。四、教學(xué)資源-軟硬件資源：計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，具備網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接；電子白板或投影儀；二進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換器軟件；

-課程平臺：學(xué)校信息平臺或教學(xué)管理系統(tǒng)；

-信息化資源：二進(jìn)制和編碼相關(guān)的教學(xué)視頻、動畫演示；

-教學(xué)手段：實(shí)物教具（如進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換卡片）、練習(xí)題、案例研究、小組討論。五、教學(xué)過程【導(dǎo)入新課】

（老師）同學(xué)們，大家好！今天我們要一起探索一個非常有意思的話題——數(shù)字化與編碼。你們知道，在信息技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展的今天，數(shù)字化無處不在，那么，數(shù)字化究竟是什么？我們又如何將這些數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成我們看得見、聽得懂的信息呢？讓我們帶著這些疑問，開始今天的探索之旅吧。

【新課講授】

1.數(shù)字化的概念

（老師）同學(xué)們，首先，我們來了解一下什么是數(shù)字化。數(shù)字化，簡單來說，就是將現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的信息，如文字、圖像、聲音等，通過某種技術(shù)手段轉(zhuǎn)化為二進(jìn)制數(shù)字的過程。

（學(xué)生）數(shù)字化是將信息轉(zhuǎn)化為二進(jìn)制數(shù)字的過程。

2.進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換

（老師）接下來，我們學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換。我們知道，我們平時使用的十進(jìn)制，而計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部卻使用二進(jìn)制。那么，如何將十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制呢？

（老師）同學(xué)們，請看大屏幕，這里有一個十進(jìn)制數(shù)，我們一起來將其轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制。首先，我們需要了解二進(jìn)制的特點(diǎn)：逢二進(jìn)一。接下來，請大家跟我一起操作。

（老師）請一位同學(xué)上來，將十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成二進(jìn)制。轉(zhuǎn)換過程中，如果遇到除不盡的情況，要記錄下余數(shù)。

（學(xué)生）學(xué)生根據(jù)老師指導(dǎo)進(jìn)行進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換。

（老師）非常好，大家已經(jīng)成功將十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成了二進(jìn)制?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們再來練習(xí)幾個進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換題。

（老師）接下來，我們學(xué)習(xí)十六進(jìn)制和八進(jìn)制的轉(zhuǎn)換。同樣地，我們可以通過類似的步驟進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.編碼的概念

（老師）同學(xué)們，接下來，我們來學(xué)習(xí)編碼的概念。編碼，是將信息按照一定的規(guī)則進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的過程。常見的編碼有ASCII碼和Unicode編碼。

（老師）請大家看大屏幕，這里有一個ASCII碼表，我們一起來了解一下它。

（老師）請一位同學(xué)上來，找出字母“A”的ASCII碼。

（學(xué)生）學(xué)生根據(jù)老師指導(dǎo)找出字母“A”的ASCII碼。

（老師）很好，現(xiàn)在大家已經(jīng)掌握了ASCII碼的基本知識。接下來，我們再了解一下Unicode編碼。

4.編碼的應(yīng)用

（老師）同學(xué)們，了解了編碼的概念后，我們來探討一下編碼的應(yīng)用。比如，我們在上網(wǎng)時，瀏覽器如何識別并顯示網(wǎng)頁上的文字？

（老師）請同學(xué)們分組討論，談?wù)劸幋a在我們生活中的應(yīng)用。

（學(xué)生）學(xué)生分組討論，分享編碼在生活中的應(yīng)用。

【課堂練習(xí)】

1.完成課本中的進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)題。

2.完成課本中的編碼練習(xí)題。

【課堂小結(jié)】

（老師）同學(xué)們，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)了數(shù)字化與編碼的相關(guān)知識，包括數(shù)字化的概念、進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換、編碼的概念和應(yīng)用。希望大家通過今天的課程，對數(shù)字化和編碼有了更深入的了解。

（老師）下面，我將進(jìn)行課堂小結(jié)。首先，我們學(xué)習(xí)了數(shù)字化的概念，了解到數(shù)字化是將信息轉(zhuǎn)化為二進(jìn)制數(shù)字的過程。其次，我們學(xué)習(xí)了進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換，包括十進(jìn)制、二進(jìn)制、十六進(jìn)制和八進(jìn)制的轉(zhuǎn)換方法。然后，我們了解了編碼的概念，包括ASCII碼和Unicode編碼。最后，我們探討了編碼的應(yīng)用，例如在網(wǎng)頁顯示、電子郵件發(fā)送等方面的應(yīng)用。

（老師）希望大家在課后能夠繼續(xù)鞏固今天所學(xué)的知識，多進(jìn)行一些練習(xí)，提高自己的信息素養(yǎng)。

【布置作業(yè)】

1.復(fù)習(xí)課本中的進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換和編碼內(nèi)容。

2.完成課后練習(xí)題。

3.查閱資料，了解數(shù)字化的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。

【課后反思】

本節(jié)課，我們通過講授和實(shí)踐活動，讓學(xué)生了解了數(shù)字化與編碼的基本概念、進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換方法和編碼的應(yīng)用。在教學(xué)過程中，我注重啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與，提高了學(xué)生的信息素養(yǎng)和問題解決能力。同時，我也發(fā)現(xiàn)了學(xué)生在進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換和編碼理解上的一些困難，今后我將針對這些困難，采取更有針對性的教學(xué)方法，幫助學(xué)生更好地掌握相關(guān)知識。六、拓展與延伸1.提供與本節(jié)課內(nèi)容相關(guān)的拓展閱讀材料：

-《計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)概論》：這本書可以為學(xué)生提供更深入的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識，包括數(shù)據(jù)表示、數(shù)字邏輯、計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)等內(nèi)容，有助于學(xué)生更全面地理解數(shù)字化和編碼的背景。

-《網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)》：通過閱讀這本書，學(xué)生可以了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信的基本原理，包括數(shù)據(jù)編碼、傳輸協(xié)議等，這對于理解網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和編碼有重要幫助。

-《數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法分析》：這本書涵蓋了數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本概念和算法分析，對于理解編碼在數(shù)據(jù)處理和存儲中的作用提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。

2.鼓勵學(xué)生進(jìn)行課后自主學(xué)習(xí)和探究：

-學(xué)生可以嘗試自己編寫簡單的程序，將十進(jìn)制數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制數(shù)，并探索如何將這些數(shù)存儲在計(jì)算機(jī)中。

-學(xué)生可以研究不同的編碼系統(tǒng)，如ASCII碼、UTF-8、UTF-16等，了解它們之間的區(qū)別和各自的應(yīng)用場景。

-學(xué)生可以通過在線資源或圖書館資料，學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)二進(jìn)制的存儲和讀取過程，了解內(nèi)存和硬盤的工作原理。

-學(xué)生可以探索如何將圖片、音頻和視頻等非文本信息數(shù)字化，并了解相應(yīng)的編碼格式，如JPEG、MP3、MP4等。

-學(xué)生可以參與小組項(xiàng)目，設(shè)計(jì)一個簡單的信息加密和解密系統(tǒng)，通過實(shí)際操作加深對編碼原理的理解。

3.實(shí)踐活動建議：

-設(shè)計(jì)一個進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換器應(yīng)用程序，允許用戶輸入十進(jìn)制數(shù)，然后顯示其二進(jìn)制、十六進(jìn)制和八進(jìn)制表示。

-創(chuàng)建一個ASCII碼表，包括所有可打印字符的編碼，讓學(xué)生通過查找字符編碼來學(xué)習(xí)編碼系統(tǒng)。

-利用在線工具或編程環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個簡單的文本加密程序，使用基本的編碼算法如凱撒密碼。

-觀察和記錄日常生活中的數(shù)字化應(yīng)用，如QR碼、條形碼等，分析它們的編碼方式和工作原理。七、課后作業(yè)1.**進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)題**：

-題目：將十進(jìn)制數(shù)12345轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制數(shù)。

-答案：12345÷2=617...1，617÷2=308...1，308÷2=154...0，154÷2=77...0，77÷2=38...1，38÷2=19...0，19÷2=9...1，9÷2=4...1，4÷2=2...0，2÷2=1...0，1÷2=0...1。

-轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果：111101010101（二進(jìn)制）

2.**二進(jìn)制運(yùn)算練習(xí)題**：

-題目：計(jì)算二進(jìn)制數(shù)1101和1011的和。

-答案：1101

+1011

------

11000（二進(jìn)制）

-轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果：24（十進(jìn)制）

3.**ASCII碼查找練習(xí)題**：

-題目：查找字母“Q”的ASCII碼。

-答案：字母“Q”的ASCII碼是0x51或81。

4.**Unicode編碼練習(xí)題**：

-題目：將漢字“漢”轉(zhuǎn)換為Unicode編碼。

-答案：漢字“漢”的Unicode編碼是4ECA。

5.**編碼轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)題**：

-題目：將十進(jìn)制數(shù)255轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進(jìn)制數(shù)。

-答案：255÷16=15...15，因此255的十六進(jìn)制表示為0xFF。

6.**進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)際應(yīng)用題**：

-題目：假設(shè)一個文件的大小是1.5GB，將其轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制表示。

-答案：1GB=2^30字節(jié)，因此1.5GB=1.5*2^30字節(jié)=1.5*1073741824字節(jié)=1610612736字節(jié)。

-轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果：二進(jìn)制表示為101111110101100010101101001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000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