2022屆山東省濟(jì)寧市高考模擬考試英語試題(二模)

濟(jì)寧市2022年高考模擬考試英語試題 2022.04注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThisyear,itfeltasifeverygoodmoviewasalsoanargumentforwhymoviesmatter.Theyrewardyourattention,engageyourfeelingsandrespectyourintelligence.PetiteMaman(CélineSciamma)Thedeathofagrandmother,thesorrowofaparent,theacquisitionofanewfriend—theseordinaryexperiences,occurringinthelifeofan8-year-oldgirl,providethebasicstructureofthisspare,perfectfilm.Whetherit’sbestdescribedasamodern-dressfairytale,oralow-techtimetravelfantasyisuptoyou.What’scertainisthattheperformanceofthecastcausesmaximumemotionalimpact.(Comingtotheaters.)SummerofSoul(Questlove)Thisdocumentaryaboutaseriesofopen-airconcertsinHarlemin1969,connectingimpressiveperformanceswithinterviewswithmusiciansandaudiencemembers,isashotofpurejoy.Butthefilmismorethanatimecapsule:It’sahistorylessonandanargumentforwhyartmatters,andwhatitcando,especiallyintimeofanxiety.(StreamingonHulu.)BringYourOwnBrigade(LucyWalker)ThisdocumentaryaboutCaliforniawildfiresofSeptember2021isalso,almostbyaccident,anexplorationofthecountry’sresponsetotheCovid-19pandemic.ThepictureWalkerpaintsiscomplicated,partlybecausethat’sthewaypeopleare:panicked,generous,stupidandbrave.Themovieishardlyoptimistic,butitsopen-mindednessprovidesabufferagainstdespair.(Intheaters.)TheVelvetUnderground(ToddHaynes)Like“SummerofSoul”,thisdocumentaryrevisitsthemusicofthe1960sinaspiritthatismorehistoricalthanjustrecallingthepast.Ratherthangatheringpresent-daymusicianstocelebratetheirancestors,HaynesconcentratesontheVelvet,aband,andontheartisticscenethatinspiredthem.Inparticular,hefocusesontheirconnectionstotheexperimentalcinemathatboomedinNewYork.(StreamingonAppleTV+.)1.What’sthehighlightofPetiteMaman?A.Itslowcost. B.Itsmodernstyle. C.Itsunusualstory. D.Itsimpressiveacting.2.WhatdoSummerofSoulandTheVelvetUndergroundhaveincommon?A.Beingavailableofline. B.Sharingthesamedirector.C.Involvingmusicinthe1960s. D.Interviewingcontemporarymusicians.3.Whichmovieinvolvescurrentissues?A.PetiteMaman. B.SummerofSoul. C.BringYourOwnBrigade. D.TheVelvetUnderground.BBicycleridinghastakentheworldbystorm.Bicyclesaretypicallymadeofsteeloraluminum(鋁)butnowthereisauniquecompanythatisgrowingbikesontrees,literally.ThesebicyclesaremadeofBritishgrownashtreesbyWelshmakerAndyDix.HisHay-on-Wyecompany,TwmpaFrames,ismakingbikesthatareofhighperformanceandenvironmentallysustainable.“It’sgreattopushformorebikesandfewercarsontheroad,butthere’snoescapingthefactthatthebikeindustryasawholeisprettyenergyintensive,”DixtoldCyclingIndustry,“I’vealwaystriedtominimizeenvironmentalimpactinmywork.Ratherthanrelyingonheavily-processedmetals,orlayersofplasticthatwillonedayendupinlandfill,I’mbuildingbikesfromcapturedcarbon,inaprocesspoweredbysunlight.”Ittooktwoyearstobuildtheprototype(雛形)thatwasmadefromashwood.Dixtestedthewoodenbikeontheroughestroadshecouldfindanddiscoveredthatitwascomfortable,durable,andexcellentatabsorbingshakes.Heputmorethan3,000milesonthebike.Dixexplained,“Iwasrunningalongbatteredroadsthatwouldhaveshakenmetobitsonaaluminumbike.Thepennydropped:NotonlycouldImakeabikeoutofwood,butithadinherentadvantagesoverothermaterials.”Thoughcuttingdowntreescanaddtomorecarbonintheatmosphere,sustainabletreefarmingispossible.DixsaidthatmanufacturingaBritishtonneofaluminumresultsincarbonemissionsof4,532kgwhileproducingatonneofwoodonlyemits457kg.Currently,thecostofanewTwmpaCycleisout-of-reachformanybicycleriders;buttheideaofusingsustainablematerialslikeashtreescouldstartanewcyclingrevolutionthatputstheenvironmentfirst.Helpingtheenvironmentcouldbejustapedalaway.4.What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thematerialsforbuildingbikes. B.Thedrivingforceforwoodenbikes.C.Theproblemswithcyclingindustry. D.Theprocessofbuildingwoodenbikes.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Thepennydropped”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Thetruthcameout. B.Moneywasmissing. C.Thebikebrokedown. D.Theeffortswereinvain.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Loggingtreesisawrongpractice. B.Developingsustainableforestryisamust.C.Carbonemissioncallsforurgentattention. D.Thewoodenbikedoesmoregoodthanharm.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleofthetext?A.LessCarbon,MoreSustainable B.Amazing?BikesGrowonTreesC.NoInnovation,NoDevelopment D.Amusing?BikeRidingIsTakingoffCThecomplexitiesofhumanrelationsaredifficultenoughforadultstoidentify—andtheyhaveatleastsomeideaoftherules.Childrenhaveyettolearnthoserules.Infants(嬰兒)are,nevertheless,ablequicklytoidentifycloserelationshipsbetweenotherpeople,andthustobuildupamapofthesocialworldaroundthem.Howthiscomesouthaspuzzledsociologistsfordecades.InapaperjustpublishedinScience,AshleyThomasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyproposesapartialanswer:saliva(唾液)sharedbykissing,forexample,orthecommonuseofaneatingordrinkingtool.Theresearcherscametotheconclusionbasedonaseriesofstudies.Theyselectedtwogroupsofseveraldozenyoungsters.Onewasasetofbabiesagedbetweeneightandtenmonths.Theotherwasagroupoftoddlersagedbetween16and18months.Eachinfantwasshownavideoofanadultinteractingwithapuppet(木偶),followedbyanothervideoofthatpuppetintroublewhilethesameadult,andalsoastranger,lookedon.Whentheinteractioninthefirstvideoappearedtoinvolvethesharingofsaliva—puppetandadulttakingconstantbitesfromanorangeinturn—bothsetsofinfantslookedmainlyatthatsameadultinthesecondvideo,andnotthestranger.Whentheinteractioninthefirstvideowasfriendlybutlessthick,suchaspassingaballbackandforth,theinfantshadequalexpectationsofbothadultswhenshownthesecondvideo.Theconclusionwasreconfirmedbysubsequentlyreplacingthepuppetwithadifferentoneandrepeatingthesecondtest.Inthiscasethechildrenshowednoconsistentexpectationaboutwhichadultwouldintervenetorelievethepuppet’strouble.ConductingherexperimentbyvideoenabledDr.ThomastocasthersearchfortrialparticipantsbeyondMassachusetts.Sheneverthelessdecided,inthisfirstinstance,tolimitthingstotheUnitedStates.Futureruns,shehopes,willreachbeyondthatcountry’sborders.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Adult’sidentifyinghumanrelations. B.Children’slearninginterpersonalrules.C.Babies’gettingtoknownewthingsaroundthem. D.Infants’recognizingrelationshipsbetweenpeople.9.Whichcanbestdescribetheresearchprocess?A.Well-designed. B.Time-consuming. C.Tightly-scheduled. D.Risk-taking.10.Whatcanthetestsillustrate?A.Infantstendtobelieveinadultsblindly. B.Salivasharingisindicativeofcloseness.C.Infantsarecompetenttoshowsympathy. D.Salivasharingactsasacomfortforinfants.11.WhatwasDr.Thomas’sexpectationforthefuturetests?A.Anextensionofagegroup. B.Moreadvancedequipment.C.Abroaderregionalcoverage. D.Diverseexperimentalmethods.DOneofthemostpowerfulsocialdesiresexpressedbyteenagersistobethoughtofascoolandpopularbytheirpeers(同齡人),whichisquitenatural.Often,theterms“cool”and“popular”getusedinterchangeablyasiftheywerejustdifferentlabelsforthesameperception.Oncloserexamination,however,itbecomesclearthattheyarequitedifferentandhaveafairlycomplicatedrelationshipwitheachother.Let’sstartbyexaminingwhatpopularityisallabout.Atfirstglance,popularityiseasytodefineandrecognize:Apopularpersonisanindividualwhoiswell-known,well-liked,andadmiredbyothers.However,thesourcesofthesocialpowerpossessedbypopularpeoplecanbequitedifferent.Specifically,sociometricpopularity(SP)primarilyreflects“l(fā)ikeability”anditislinkedwithqualitiessuchasbeingkindandtrustworthy.However,peer-perceivedpopularity(PP)isbaseduponajudgmentofhowpopularothersthinkthatpersonisamonghisorherpeers.Itreflectswhatwemightcall“status”andisoftenrelatedwithlessdesirablequalitiessuchasbeingdominant,aggressive,or“stuck-up”.So,popularityisamorecomplicatedconceptthanitmayseem.Ascomplicatedaspopularityis,coolnessisevenmoreso.Coolnessisabroadercategorythanpopularity.Onecanbecoolbyhavingcoolstuff,bydoingcoolstuff,orbyjustplain“beingcool”.Itisacombinationofselfpresentation,fashion,andattitude.It’spushbackagainstnormsandauthoritythatmaylabelitselfasnotcaringabouttraditionalroutestosuccesssuchasacademicachievementandbeing“toocoolforschool”.Hence,coolnessandpopularityrepresenttwocompletelyindependentterms.Thepursuitofbeingcoolandpopularwillprobablyalwaysbepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyamongyoungpeople.Inandofitself,thisisneithergoodnorbad.Butitmaybeusefultobeawareofthedifferencesinthesequalitiesandbeclearaboutexactlywhatitisthatwearepursuing.12.Whatisacommonunderstandingofcoolnessandpopularity?A.Theycontradicteachother. B.Theyshareacomplexconnection.C.Theyaresimplythesameconcept. D.Theycanonlybeownedbytheyoung.13.WhydoestheauthormentionSPandPPinparagraph3?A.Tomakeaproposal. B.Toillustrateaconcept. C.Toclassifypopularity. D.Tolisttypicalqualities.14.Whichcanberegardedasbeingcool?A.Followingsuit. B.Prioritizingothers. C.Observingtraditions. D.Challengingauthority.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepursuitofcoolnessandpopularity?A.It’sunblamable. B.It’srewarding. C.It’sundesirable. D.It’sshameful.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Itmaycomeasasurprisethatthefashionindustryisoneofthemostpollutingindustriesintheworld,especiallywhenitcomestocarbonemissionsandwaterusage.16Clothingproductionreleases10%ofworldwidecarbonemissions.Althoughcottonisoftenofferedasamoresustainablematerial,onecottonshirtrequires2,700litersofwatertomake,whichisenoughforonepersontodrinkeightcupsperdayfor2.5years.17However,it’sundeniablethatsustainablecompanieslikeReformationandOrganicBasicsareoutofmostpeople’spriceranges.Fast-fashionclothingcompanieshavetheadvantageoflowprices,andwhenitcomesdowntoit,mostpeoplewillchooselowpricesoversustainability.So,howcanpeoplebuysustainableclothingwhenit’snotaffordable?18Actually,thereareotherwaystopracticesustainablehabits.Ofcourse,thebestwaytolimitwasteistonotbuyanynewclothes.Forexample,savinguptobuymoresustainableclothesandthenwearingthemformanyyearsishealthierfortheenvironmentandyourwallet.19Thenyoucancombinethemwithyourstatementpiecestogetavarietyofnewoutfitsthatstillfeelstylishanddon’tgeneratewaste.Certainly,buyingsecond-handclothingisalsoagreatoption.Withever-changingfashiontrendsmovingatbreakneckspeed,consumersareeasilypersuadedintobuyinglatestdesignstostaystylishandsustainable.20Honestly,it’sunnecessary.Wearingwhatmakesyoufeelconfidentwillmakeyoulookgood,andtheearthwillthankyouforyourefforts.A.Therealityisfrightening.B.However,trendishardtokeepup.C.Theyhavenochoicebuttofollowsuit.D.Theycan’t,andmoreover,theydon’thaveto.E.Asimilarresolutionistoownsomebasicpieces.F.Sustainablefashionhasbeenontheriseinrecentyears.G.Industrialdevelopmentispursuedatthepriceofpollution.第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone,takingawalkusuallyonlylastsasmalldurationoftime.Thiswasnotthe21forTomTurcich,though.OnApril2,2015,Tomdecidedtowalkaroundtheworldbyhimself.Itwasn’ta22thought.Hischildhoodfrienddied23attheageof17duetoajetskiaccident.24byhowshortlifewas,hewasfueledbyastrong25toliveeverydaytoitsfullest.Tom’swalk26asalonejourney.Butquickly,hefoundhimselfmissing27ontheroad.Andso,whilemakingastopinAustin,Texas,he28Savannah,arescuepuppy.Sincethen,thepairhavebeenmakingtheirwayacrossborders,continentsandseas,2925,000milesinall.Travelingalwayshassomeupsanddowns.Tom30numerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.Hewas31duetosevereweatherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.Also,hehadno32buttowaitoutpandemiclockdownsinmanycountries.Butonthe33side,hemetmanykindpeopleand34thebeautyofnatureindifferentpartsoftheworld.Tom35somethingfewpeoplehavesucceededin,whichhebelieveshelpedhimgainamuchlargerunderstandingoftheworld.21.A.case B.routine C.reason D.intention22.A.novel B.wise C.sudden D.simple23.A.instantly B.unexpectedly C.eventually D.undoubtedly24.A.Torn B.Struck C.Impressed D.Inspired25.A.enthusiasm B.curiosity C.pride D.desire26.A.started B.progressed C.proved D.remained27.A.neighborhood B.childhood C.companionship D.citizenship28.A.delivered B.spotted C.saved D.adopted29.A.covering B.measuring C.occupying D.equaling30.A.anticipated B.encountered C.tolerated D.ignored31.A.blownaway B.carriedaway C.backedup D.heldup32.A.responsibility B.right C.alternative D.opportunity33.A.rough B.invisible C.moral D.bright34.A.appreciated B.missed C.recalled D.preserved35.A.discovered B.challenged C.profiled D.renewed第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AphototakenonMarch23,2022showsstudentsattendingalivestreamedpopular-sciencelecturegivenbytheShenzhou-13crewmembers.36classbeganat3:40p.m.andwasattendedbystudentsfromthreeclassroomsacrossChina.WangYaping,37wasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,conductedseveralscientificexperiments.Oneofthemost38(appeal)experimentswasthe“iceball”experiment.Assheshowed,39thespacestationmaintainsafixedtemperatureatalltimes,shecantransformwaterinto“ice”withonlya“tap”.Itturnedouttobeacrystallization(結(jié)晶)effect40(cause)bythemicro-gravityenvironmentinspace.Students41(enthusiastic)raisedquestionsconcerningtheirdailylives.ThelivestreamwasbroadcastbyChinaCentralTelevision,42(draw)atotalof3.3millionviews.Anumberofcountrieshaveengagedinspacelectures,butonlyChinaandtheUS43(realize)thelivestreamingoflectureswithsmoothtwo-wayconnectionsbetweenEarthandspacesofar.Itwillnotonlypromote44(man)understandingtowardthevaluesofmannedspaceflightbutmoreimportantly,serveasan45(inspire)toyoungstersandboostthecountry’stalentreserveinthefieldsofscienceandtechnology.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是校學(xué)生會主席李華。你校擬舉辦“漢字緣”（MyStoryofChineseHanzi）活動，請你給留學(xué)生Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.發(fā)出邀請；2.告知相關(guān)事項(xiàng)；3.期待參加。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearChris,Regards,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Asayoungboy,Iwascarefree.EveryvacationIlookedforwardtotwothings—seeingmygrandpaandhearinghiswonderfulstories.Mygrandpawasaverygoodstoryteller.Hehadworkedvariousoddjobswhenhewasyoungandwovehisadventuresandmisadventuresintofantastictales.Thes