河南省焦作市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題 （解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省焦作市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AGroupVisitsandToursTheMuseumofFineArtsHouston(MFAH)welcomesgroupstoexperiencetheMuseum’scollectionsandexhibitions.Discounts(折扣)forself-guidedgroupvisitsandexpert-guidedgrouptoursarethereforthosewhobook10ormoretickets.FromthegreatartcollectionsoftheMuseumofFineArtsHouston—withobjectscrossingtheworldandhumancreativehistory—totheever-changingscheduleofthematicexhibitions,theMuseumoffersalotoftourtopicstosuityourinterests.Visitasaself-guidedgroup,andyouandyourguestscanexploreatyourownpace.Foradeeperexplorationintothegalleries,request(要求)anexpert-guidedtour.PolicyTheMuseumofferstoursandpackagestogroupsof10ormorefortheMuseum’scollectionsandselectedexhibitions.Membershipbenefitsandfreeindividualadmissionmaynotbeusedatthesametimewithschoolorgroupvisits.Toursledbyguideswhodon’tworkintheMuseumarenotallowed;pleasecontactgroupsales@inadvanceofyourvisitforalltourrequests.ReservationsForpriceinformation,contactgroupsales@or713-639-7878.Tomakeareservation(預(yù)定)request,completethegroupvisitrequestform.Atleastone-weekadvancenoticeisneededforself-guidedvisitsandtwoweeksforexpert-guidedtours.Reservationsareconfirmedwithanordernumberanddecidedbyadvancepayment.Lookingforschooltours?Findinformationhereoremailschooltours@withyourquestions.Mainaddress:1001Bissonnet,Houston,Texas77005MFAHInformationLine:713-639-73001.HowcanyougetdiscountedticketsfortheMuseum?A.Byvisitingitwithanexpert. B.Bybuyingatleasttentickets.C.Bybookingticketsinadvance. D.Bypayingavisitwithyourfamily.2.WhowillfailtovisittheMuseum?A.Groupsledbyaguidetheybring. B.Childrenwithouttheirparents’company.C.Thosecomingwithaclearvisitplan. D.Visitorswithoutmembership.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttohaveaself-guidedvisit?A.Call713-639-7878. B.Buythetickettwoweeksahead.C.Visitschooltours@. D.Payforyourticketinadvance.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了休斯頓美術(shù)館歡迎團(tuán)體參觀，并提供自助參觀和專家導(dǎo)游參觀的折扣。文章還介紹了參觀政策，最后還提供了聯(lián)系方式。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Discounts(折扣)forself-guidedgroupvisitsandexpert-guidedgrouptoursarethereforthosewhobook10ormoretickets.(預(yù)訂10張或以上門票的人可以享受自助團(tuán)游和專家團(tuán)游的折扣。)”可知，通過購買至少十張門票可以獲得折扣。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Policy部分中“Toursledbyguideswhodon’tworkintheMuseumarenotallowed(不允許由非博物館工作人員帶領(lǐng)參觀。)”可知，帶有自己的導(dǎo)游來參觀的團(tuán)隊不允許進(jìn)入博物館。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Reservations部分中“Atleastone-weekadvancenoticeisneededforself-guidedvisitsandtwoweeksforexpert-guidedtours.Reservationsareconfirmedwithanordernumberanddecidedbyadvancepayment.(自助游至少需要提前一周通知，專家導(dǎo)游團(tuán)需要提前兩周通知。預(yù)訂以訂單號確認(rèn)，并通過預(yù)付款決定。)”可知，如果你想進(jìn)行自助參觀，需要提前支付門票費用即通過預(yù)付款決定。故選D。BMissEngland,JessicaGagen,isnotyourordinarybeautywinner.Shejustaddedanimpressivetitle,arocketscientist,tohercareer.The27-year-oldjustgraduatedfromtheUniversityofLiverpoolwithadegreeinAerospaceEngineeringandshehassethersightsonbecominganastronaut(宇航員).ButwinninghertitlejustafewmonthsbeforecompletingherdegreewasnoeasytaskfortheenergeticredheadfromKelmersdale.Sheisthefirstred-headedwoman—andthefirstrocketscientist—tobecrowned(加冕)MissEngland.Gagenwasabletomanagebothhercompetitionandherschoolworkbutthestressofdoingbothleftherwithchestpainsandsleeplessness.However,shedidn’tgiveup,justasshehadbeentreatedbadlyandalwaysbeenmadefunofasachildforhavingredhair.“Itwasatoughfive-yearjourneytogettothispoint,andIfacedchallengesbeforeIevenbegan,”Gagensaid.“Ithinkit’simportantthattoday’syouthknowthatsometimesthingsdon’tgoentirelytoplan,andthat’sperfectlyokay.”Beforestartingattheuniversity,Gagenstudiedafoundationyearinphysicswhileworkingonweekendsbecauseshedidn’thaveallthecoursessheneededfortheprogram.Shebeganstudyingattheuniversityin2019andwhenthepandemic(流行病)hit,allthecourseworkwentonline.Shedidthiswhileworkingfulltimeatnight.Duringthecourseofherstudies,GagensawthattherewereveryfewfemalesinSTEManddecidedtomakeithertasktopromote(提升)careersinSTEMforwomenandgirlsonhersocialmedia.Inthefirstyear,shewonMissLancashireandplacedsecondinthenationalcontestbutshereallywantedtowintopromotehertask.“There’salotofworkthatgoesintobecomingMissEngland,andIreallywantedtowinbecauseIknewIcouldusetheplatformtogetmoregirlsintoengineering,”shesaid.4.WhatisspecialaboutMissEnglandmentionedinthetext?A.Sheisalsoascientist. B.Shewasonceanastronaut.C.Shehadahappychildhood. D.Shehasgreatpressureatpresent.5.WhywasGagenlaughedatwhenshewasyoung?A.Shehadtroublewithherstudy. B.Shewasinpoorhealth.C.Thecolorofherhairwasunusual. D.Herclotheswerenotbeautiful.6.WhatdoweknowaboutGagenfromparagraph6?A.Herlifestyleinhighschool. B.Someofhercollegeeducation.C.Herattitudetoherclassmates. D.Thesupportfromherfamily.7.WhatisGagen’spurposeinwinningMissEngland?A.Tocontinuehercollegeeducation.B.Torealizeherdreamsincechildhood.C.Togetconfidencetodealwithdifficulties.D.ToencouragemoregirlstolearnSTEM.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了英格蘭小姐杰西卡·加根的故事，她不僅獲得了英格蘭小姐的稱號，還在航空航天工程領(lǐng)域取得了學(xué)位，并立志成為一名宇航員。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“MissEngland,JessicaGagen,isnotyourordinarybeautywinner.Shejustaddedanimpressivetitle,arocketscientist,tohercareer.(英格蘭小姐，杰西卡·加根，不是一般的選美冠軍。她剛剛為自己的職業(yè)生涯增添了一個令人印象深刻的頭銜——火箭科學(xué)家)”可知，英格蘭小姐杰西卡·加根的特別之處是她還是一名科學(xué)家。故選A項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“However,shedidn’tgiveup,justasshehadbeentreatedbadlyandalwaysbeenmadefunofasachildforhavingredhair.(然而，她并沒有放棄，就像她小時候因為紅頭發(fā)而受到虐待和嘲笑一樣)”可知，加根年輕時因頭發(fā)的顏色特別而被嘲笑。故選C項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Beforestartingattheuniversity,Gagenstudiedafoundationyearinphysicswhileworkingonweekendsbecauseshedidn’thaveallthecoursessheneededfortheprogram.Shebeganstudyingattheuniversityin2019andwhenthepandemic(流行病)hit,allthecourseworkwentonline.Shedidthiswhileworkingfulltimeatnight.(在進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前，加根在周末工作的同時學(xué)習(xí)了物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)課程，因為她沒有完成該項目所需的所有課程。她于2019年開始在這所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，當(dāng)疫情爆發(fā)時，所有的課程作業(yè)都在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行。她一邊在晚上全職工作，一邊完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè))”可知，從第六段中我們可以了解到加根的大學(xué)教育經(jīng)歷。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中“GagensawthattherewereveryfewfemalesinSTEManddecidedtomakeithertasktopromote(提升)careersinSTEMforwomenandgirlsonhersocialmedia.(加根發(fā)現(xiàn)STEM領(lǐng)域的女性很少，于是決定在她的社交媒體上推動女性和女孩在STEM領(lǐng)域的職業(yè)發(fā)展)”和最后一段中“There’salotofworkthatgoesintobecomingMissEngland,andIreallywantedtowinbecauseIknewIcouldusetheplatformtogetmoregirlsintoengineering(要成為英格蘭小姐還有很多工作要做，我真的很想贏，因為我知道我可以利用這個平臺讓更多的女孩進(jìn)入工程學(xué))”可推知，加根在求學(xué)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)STEM領(lǐng)域的女性很少，所以她想通過贏得英格蘭小姐頭銜來鼓勵更多女孩學(xué)習(xí)STEM。故選D項。CThebigFrenchpetcarecompanyAgroBiothersLaboratoirewillnolongersellverysmallcontainersforraisingfish.Thecompanyhasa27percentshareoftheFrenchmarketforproductsusedbypeoplewhoraiseanimalsathome.Butitsaiditwouldnolongersellanyfishbowlsthatholdlessthan15litersofwater.Theywillonlyofferfour-sidedones.Thecompanysaiditwasanimalabuse(虐待)toputfishinsmallbowlswithoutaddedoxygenandfiltration.Filtrationistheprocessofremovingsmallwastefromthewaterwithadevice.AgroBiotherschiefMatthieuLambeauxrecentlyusedtheterm“impulse”—meaningasuddenstrongdesiretodosomething—todescribewhymanyadultsbuygoldfish.“Peoplebuyagoldfishfortheirkidsonimpulse,butiftheyknewwhattortureitis,theywouldnotdoit.Turningroundandroundinasmallbowldrivesfishcrazyandkillsthemquickly,”Lambeauxadded.Goldfishcanliveupto30yearsandgrowtoabout25cminlargeaquariums(養(yǎng)魚缸)oroutdoorponds.Butinverysmallbowlstheyoftendiewithinweeksormonths.Lambeauxsaidgoldfisharesocialanimalsthatneedotherfish,lotsofspaceandcleanwater.Headdedthathavinganaquariumrequiressomespecialequipmentandknowledge.GermanyandseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavelongbanned(禁止)fishbowls,butFrancehasnolawsontheproblem.Lambeauxexplainedthecompany’sdecisionfurtherbysaying,“Wecannoteducateallourcustomersbyexplainingthatkeepingfishinabowlisterrible.Weconsiderthatitisourresponsibilitytonolongergivecustomersthatchoice.”“Thereisdemandforfishbowls,”hesaid,“buttherealityisthatwhatweofferchildrenisthepossibilityofseeinggoldfishdieslowly.”8.WhatmakestheFrenchcompanystopsellingcertainfishbowls?A.Theirsize. B.Theirprice.C.Theirweight. D.Theirpopularity.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torture”probablyinparagraph4mean?A.Progress. B.Pleasure.C.Difficulty. D.Suffering.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theagegoldfishcanreach. B.Costsofkeepinggoldfish.C.Properlivingconditionsforgoldfish. D.Theadviceonhowtochoosefishbowls.11.WhatdoesthecompanyprefertodobasedonLambeaux’swords?A.Raisethepriceofthefishbowls. B.Removethechancesofharminggoldfish.C.Keepgoldfishoutsideinthewild. D.Educateparentstocareforgoldfish.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了法國寵物護(hù)理公司AgroBiothersLaboratoire決定停止銷售特小的魚缸。該公司認(rèn)為把魚放在沒有增氧和過濾的小缸里是虐待行為。該公司決定不再給顧客提供這種選擇，因為他們認(rèn)為這是一種責(zé)任?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butitsaiditwouldnolongersellanyfishbowlsthatholdlessthan15litersofwater.Theywillonlyofferfour-sidedones.(但該公司表示，將不再銷售容量低于15升水的魚缸。他們只提供四邊的。)”以及第三段中“Thecompanysaiditwasanimalabuse(虐待)toputfishinsmallbowlswithoutaddedoxygenandfiltration.(該公司表示，將魚放在沒有添加氧氣和過濾的小碗中是虐待動物。過濾是用一種裝置從水中去除小廢物的過程。)”可知，該公司表示，將魚放在沒有添加氧氣和過濾的小碗中是虐待動物，因此該公司表示，將不再銷售容量低于15升水的魚缸，即他們停止銷售某些魚缸是因為它們的大小。故選A?！?題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“Turningroundandroundinasmallbowldrivesfishcrazyandkillsthemquickly(在一個小碗里轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去，會讓魚發(fā)瘋，很快就會死掉)”可知，人們會沖動地給孩子買一條金魚，但如果他們知道小魚在一個小碗里轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去，會讓魚發(fā)瘋，很快就會死掉，這對魚來說是一種折磨，這樣他們就不會這么做了。故劃線詞與D選項“Suffering.(折磨，痛苦)”為同義詞。故選D?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中“Goldfishcanliveupto30yearsandgrowtoabout25cminlargeaquariums(養(yǎng)魚缸)oroutdoorponds.

(金魚可以活到30歲，在大型水族館或室外池塘里可以長到25厘米左右。)”以及“Lambeauxsaidgoldfisharesocialanimalsthatneedotherfish,lotsofspaceandcleanwater.(蘭比克斯說，金魚是群居動物，需要其他魚類、大量的空間和干凈的水。)”可知，此處提到金魚需要大量的空間和清潔的水，即本段主要談?wù)摰氖墙痿~適宜的生活環(huán)境，故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Lambeauxexplainedthecompany’sdecisionfurtherbysaying,“Wecannoteducateallourcustomersbyexplainingthatkeepingfishinabowlisterrible.Weconsiderthatitisourresponsibilitytonolongergivecustomersthatchoice.”(Lambeaux進(jìn)一步解釋了公司的決定，他說：“我們不能通過解釋把魚放在碗里很糟糕來教育所有的顧客。我們認(rèn)為，我們有責(zé)任不再給客戶這樣的選擇?！?”可知，公司更愿意做的是消除對金魚的傷害。公司認(rèn)為將金魚放在小魚缸中是一種折磨，所以他們決定不再提供這個選擇。故選B。DGooglesaysanAI-poweredsystemitcreatedishelpingimprovetrafficflowinmajorcities.Thesystem,calledProjectGreenLight,isnowinusein12cities.Theprojectaimstosaveenergyandreduceairpollution,oremissions(排放量),fromcars.Googlefirstannouncedtheprogramin2021,whenitwastestingthesysteminfourareasofBritain.Sincethen,thecompanyhaskeptincreasingProjectGreenLight.AmongcitiesnowtakingpartintheprogramareBangalore,Budapest,Jakarta,Manchester,Haifa,Hamburg,RiodeJaneiro,andSeattle.Inanonlineannouncement,Google’sYossiMatiasexplainedthelatestprogress.Henotedthatthesystemisbeingtestedinareaswithserioustrafficproblems.Generally,thisisatmajorcrossingswithheavytrafficandcomplextrafficlights.Theseareaswherevehiclesstartandstopareknownascrossroads.Thecompanysaidresearchhasshownthatatsuchcrossroads,caremissionscanbe29timeshigherthanonopenroads.Inaddition,Google’sownresearchfoundthatvehiclesthatmuststopandstartaccountforabouthalfofthoseemissions.ProjectGreenLightusesindividual(個人的)driverdatafromGoogleMaps.ThisdataisconnectedwithAImethodstoproducemodelsofeachcrossroadswherethesystemisinplace,thecompanysays.ThedatafromGoogleMapsisalsousedtocreateanothermodelonhowdifferenttrafficlightsinteract(相互作用).Themodelingprocessforcrossroadsconsidersseveralthings.Theseincludethestructureofstreets,trafficconditions,signalschedulingandhowthevehiclesinteractwithlights.Themodelsareusedtoreducestopandstarttimesandsavemoredrivingtime,aprocesscalledoptimization(最優(yōu)化).Googlesaysonegoalistoimproveseveralcrossroadsatthesametimetocreate“wavesofgreenlights”forvehiclesontheroad.12.WhatdidYossiMatiasintendtotellus?A.Whenthesystemstarted. B.Wherethesystemisused.C.Howadvancedthesystemis. D.Howheavythecitytrafficis.13.What’stheproblemwiththecarsatthecrossroads?A.Theyslowdownthetraffic. B.Theycausemoretrafficaccidents.C.Theyoftenbreaktrafficrules. D.Theymakemuchpollution.14.WhatisthegoalofProjectGreenLight?A.Tomakedrivingcarssafer. B.Tomakethestreetcleaner.C.Tomakethetrafficsmoother. D.Tomakepeopledrivemore.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AIIsChangingLooksofCitiesB.AI-PoweredSystemIsImprovingCityTrafficC.City’sTrafficLightSystemNeedsImprovementD.CityStreetsAreGettingMoreandMoreCrowded【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Google開發(fā)的一個名為“綠燈計劃”的人工智能系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)旨在改善大城市的交通流量，節(jié)約能源并減少汽車排放造成的空氣污染，對于減少城市污染和改善交通狀況具有重要意義。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inanonlineannouncement,Google’sYossiMatiasexplainedthelatestprogress.Henotedthatthesystemisbeingtestedinareaswithserioustrafficproblems.Generally,thisisatmajorcrossingswithheavytrafficandcomplextrafficlights.(在一份在線聲明中，谷歌的YossiMatias解釋了最新的進(jìn)展。他指出，該系統(tǒng)正在交通問題嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)進(jìn)行測試。一般來說，這是在交通繁忙和交通信號燈復(fù)雜的主要十字路口)”可知，YossiMatias想告訴我們這一系統(tǒng)在哪些地方使用。故選B項?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thecompanysaidresearchhasshownthatatsuchcrossroads,caremissionscanbe29timeshigherthanonopenroads.(該公司表示，研究表明，在這樣的十字路口，汽車的排放量可能比開放道路高出29倍)”可知，汽車在十字路口排放量可能比開放道路高出29倍，會制造了很多污染。故選D項。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“GooglesaysanAl-poweredsystemitcreatedishelpingimprovetrafficflowinmajorcities.Thesystem,calledProjectGreenLight,isnowinusein12cities.(谷歌表示，他們開發(fā)的人工智能系統(tǒng)正在幫助改善大城市的交通狀況。該系統(tǒng)被稱為“綠燈計劃”，目前已在12個城市投入使用)”和最后一段中“Themodelsareusedtoreducestopandstarttimesandsavemoredrivingtime,aprocesscalledoptimization(最優(yōu)化).(這些模型被用來減少停車和啟動時間，節(jié)省更多的駕駛時間，這一過程被稱為優(yōu)化)”可推知，綠燈計劃的目標(biāo)是改善大城市的交通狀況，使交通更順暢。故選C項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“GooglesaysanAl-poweredsystemitcreatedishelpingimprovetrafficflowinmajorcities.Thesystem,calledProjectGreenLight,isnowinusein12cities.(谷歌表示，他們開發(fā)的人工智能系統(tǒng)正在幫助改善大城市的交通狀況。該系統(tǒng)被稱為“綠燈計劃”，目前已在12個城市投入使用)”和最后一段中“Themodelsareusedtoreducestopandstarttimesandsavemoredrivingtime,aprocesscalledoptimization(最優(yōu)化).Googlesaysonegoalistoimproveseveralcrossroadsatthesametimetocreate“wavesofgreenlights”forvehiclesontheroad.(這些模型被用來減少停車和啟動時間，節(jié)省更多的駕駛時間，這一過程被稱為優(yōu)化。谷歌表示，目標(biāo)之一是同時改善多個十字路口，為道路上的車輛創(chuàng)造“綠燈波”)”可知，本文主要介紹了Google開發(fā)的一個名為“綠燈計劃”的人工智能系統(tǒng)，它可以幫助改善大城市的交通狀況。由此可知，“AI-PoweredSystemIsImprovingCityTraffic(人工智能系統(tǒng)正在改善城市交通)”是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BenefitsofWalkinginColdWeatherAswinterblanketstheworldinacoatoficeandfreshcoldair,theideaofgoingoutdoorsforawalkmightseemlessattractive.____16____Walkingincoldweathercomeswithalotofhealthbenefitsthatmightjustmakeittheperfectseasontoputonyourshoesandhittheroadway.StrengthenedImmuneSystemRemainingincoldertemperaturescanactuallyimproveyourimmune(免疫的)system.Asyourbodyadaptstothecold,itproducesmorewhitebloodcells.____17____Regularcold-weatherwalksmighthelpmakeastrongerimmunereaction,lettingyoustayhealthierthroughoutthewinterseason.HighSpiritsThewinterblues,alsoknownasSeasonalAffectiveDisorder(SAD),canaffectmanyindividualsduringthecoldermonths.Fortunately,walkingincoldweatherhasbeenlinkedtoimprovedemotionandreducedsignsofsadness.Thefreshairandphysicalactivityinspiretheproductionofendorphins,thebody’snaturalemotionenhancers(增強劑).____18____ImprovedhealthandenergylevelCold-weatherwalkingcanprovideanexcellentheartworkout.Thecombinationoflightmovementandthebody’sreactiontothecoldincreaseshearthealthbyimprovingcirculation(血液循環(huán))andloweringbloodpressure.Overtime,thiscanmakeyourbloodsystemhealthier.____19____Instead,walkinginthefreshaircanmakeyoursensesenergeticandincreaseoverallenergylevels.Thephysicalactivityandstayinnaturallightworktogethertoreducefeelingsoftiredness,leavingyoufeelingmoreactiveandreadytodealwiththeday.So,asthewinterwindsblowandsnowflakesfall,considerwearingyourwarmclothesandtakingawalkoutside.____20____Itisalsohelpfultomentalwellbeingandoverallenergy.A.Thecoldweatherdoesnotcostenergy.B.Theyplayakeyroleinfightingoffdiseases.C.Winter,especially,isanopportunitytogoslowly.D.Theyleaveyoufeelingmorepositiveandexcited.E.However,don’tletthecoldtemperaturespreventyou.F.Leteachwalkbeabigsteptowardsahealthier,happieryou.G.Thebenefitsofwalkingincoldweathergobeyondphysicalhealth.【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.A20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在寒冷天氣散步的好處。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Aswinterblanketstheworldinacoatoficeandfreshcoldair,theideaofgoingoutdoorsforawalkmightseemlessattractive.(當(dāng)冬天給世界覆蓋上一層冰和新鮮的冷空氣時，到戶外散步的想法似乎不那么有吸引力了)”以及后文“Walkingincoldweathercomeswithalotofhealthbenefitsthatmightjustmakeittheperfectseasontoputonyourshoesandhittheroadway.(在寒冷的天氣里散步對健康有很多好處，這可能會讓它成為穿上鞋子上路的完美季節(jié))”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出寒冷的天氣不應(yīng)該阻止你外出。故E選項“然而，不要讓寒冷的氣溫阻止你”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Asyourbodyadaptstothecold,itproducesmorewhitebloodcells.(當(dāng)你的身體適應(yīng)寒冷時，它會產(chǎn)生更多的白細(xì)胞)”可知，本句承接上文說明白細(xì)胞的作用。故B選項“它們在抵抗疾病方面起著關(guān)鍵作用”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thefreshairandphysicalactivityinspiretheproductionofendorphins,thebody’snaturalemotionenhancers(增強劑).(新鮮的空氣和體育活動激發(fā)內(nèi)啡肽的產(chǎn)生，內(nèi)啡肽是身體自然的情緒增強劑)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文“內(nèi)啡肽是身體自然的情緒增強劑”具體說明內(nèi)啡肽帶來的情緒感受。故D選項“他們會讓你感覺更積極、更興奮”符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Instead,walkinginthefreshaircanmakeyoursensesenergeticandincreaseoverallenergylevels.Thephysicalactivityandstayinnaturallightworktogethertoreducefeelingsoftiredness,leavingyoufeelingmoreactiveandreadytodealwiththeday.(相反，在新鮮空氣中散步可以使你的感官充滿活力，提高整體能量水平。體育鍛煉和在自然光下鍛煉可以減少疲勞，讓你感覺更有活力，準(zhǔn)備好迎接新的一天)”可知，后文提到在新鮮空氣中散步可以使你的感官充滿活力，提高整體能量水平，即不會消耗精力。故A選項“寒冷的天氣不消耗精力”符合語境，故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“So,asthewinterwindsblowandsnowflakesfall,considerwearingyourwarmclothesandtakingawalkoutside.(所以，當(dāng)冬天的風(fēng)吹著，雪花飄落的時候，考慮穿上保暖的衣服，到外面走走)”以及后文“Itisalsohelpfultomentalwellbeingandoverallenergy.(它也有助于心理健康和整體能量)”可知，本句是在說明寒冷天氣散步的好處，后文提到了對心理健康的好處，可知本句是在說明對身體的好處。故G選項“在寒冷的天氣里散步的好處不僅僅是身體健康”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Aherosheepdogbecametheguidinglightofhopeforthreetrappedsheepasitswamacrossdangerousfloodedfieldsto____21____themtosafety.LlyrDerwydd,a44-year-oldfarmercomingfromtheareaofRuthin,____22____himselfinadangeroussituationonaFridayafternoon.While____23____hissheepinFlintshireasusual,herealizedasadfact—threesheepwerehelplesslytrappedonasmallpieceoflandwithinthefield,cutoffbythe____24____.Consideringthedangerousconditionsthatthefloodcaused,the____25____requiredaspecialhero.Inthisseriousmoment,____26____thatherowasnoneotherthanthequick-thinkingsheepdog,Patsy.Mr.Derwyddtalkedaboutthesadexperience,stating,“Werealizedweneededtoact____27____toensurethesafetyofthetrappedsheep.Thepieceoflandtheywereonwas____28____veryfast,andthegreatdangerwasincreasing.”Inordertorescuethesheep,hemadea____29____.Withasenseofurgency(緊急)intheair,hewonderedwhetherPatsy,hiscleversheepdog,woulddealwiththeproblem.Asilent_____30_____wasmade,andPatsy,withstrongdetermination,tookabravetry.Itwasamomentfilledwith_____31____,asthetruedepthofthewaterremainedunknown.Yet,Patsy’sbornswimming_____32_____andstrongdeterminationpushedherforward.Withouthesitation(猶豫),shebravedthedangerouswatersto_____33_____thetrappedsheep.Mr.Derwyddsharedhis_____34_____,saying,“Iknewshewasagoodswimmer,orIwouldn’ttakethe_____35_____.However,Iwasquitesurprisedbyhercourageandskill.”21.A.force B.carry C.guide D.attract22.A.hid B.found C.imagined D.reminded23.A.checking B.describing C.comparing D.selling24.A.snow B.water C.fire D.smoke25.A.lecture B.recovery C.rescue D.experiment26.A.equally B.suddenly C.luckily D.obviously27.A.inreturn B.intime C.inperson D.insecret28.A.reducing B.improving C.rising D.sliding29.A.call B.promise C.decision D.comment30.A.wish B.order C.warning D.suggestion31.A.danger B.regret C.hope D.fun32.A.goals B.curiosity C.ways D.ability33.A.catch B.feed C.reach D.stop34.A.responsibility B.amazement C.confidence D.awkwardness35.A.risk B.time C.lead D.place【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.B25.C26.D27.B28.A29.C30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了牧羊犬帕齊勇敢地游過洪水淹沒的田野，成功帶領(lǐng)三只被困小羊到達(dá)安全的地方的故事?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一只英雄牧羊犬成為三只被困羊的希望之光，它游過危險的被洪水淹沒的田地，帶領(lǐng)它們到達(dá)安全的地方。A.force力量；B.carry攜帶；C.guide帶領(lǐng)；D.attract吸引。根據(jù)上文“Aherosheepdogbecametheguidinglightofhopeforthreetrappedsheepasitswamacrossdangerousfloodedfields”可知，三只羊被洪水所困，所以牧羊犬是帶領(lǐng)它們走出困境到達(dá)安全的地方。故選C項。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個周五的下午，44歲的農(nóng)民萊爾·德懷德發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了危險的境地。A.hid隱藏；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.imagined想象；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)下文“...himselfinadangeroussituation”可知，德懷德發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入困境；findoneselfin...“(突然)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入”。故選B項?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他像往常一樣在弗林特郡檢查他的羊時，他意識到一個可悲的事實——三只羊無助地困在田野里的一小塊被洪水隔斷土地上。A.checking檢查；B.describing描述；C.comparing比較；D.selling出售。根據(jù)下文“herealizedasadfact—threesheepwerehelplesslytrappedonasmallpieceoflandwithinthefield”可知，德懷德是檢查清點自己的羊。故選A項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他像往常一樣在弗林特郡檢查他的羊時，他意識到一個可悲的事實——三只羊無助地困在田野里的一小塊被洪水隔斷土地上。A.snow雪；B.water水；C.fire火；D.smoke煙。根據(jù)下文“Consideringthedangerousconditionsthatthefloodcaused”可知，是洪水造成的險境，所以田野里的小塊土地是被水分隔斷。故選B項?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到洪水造成的危險情況，這次救援需要一位特殊的英雄。A.lecture演講；B.recovery康復(fù)；C.rescue援救；D.experiment實驗。根據(jù)下文“aspecialhero”可知，需要特殊英雄來援救三只羊。故選C項?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個危急的時刻，這位英雄顯然不是別人，正是思維敏捷的牧羊犬帕齊。A.equally平等地；B.suddenly突然地；C.luckily幸運地；D.obviously顯然地。根據(jù)下文“noneotherthanthequick-thinkingsheepdog,Patsy”可知，思維敏捷的牧羊犬帕齊是顯而易見的最佳人選。故選D項?！?7題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我們意識到我們需要及時采取行動，以確保被困羊群的安全。A.inreturn作為回報；B.intime及時地；C.inperson親自；D.insecret秘密地。根據(jù)下文“Thepieceoflandtheywereonwasveryfast,andthegreatdangerwasincreasing.”可知，危險在增加，所以必須及時采取行動。故選B項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們所在的那塊土地正在迅速縮小，巨大的危險正在增加。A.reducing減少；B.improving改善；C.rising上升；D.sliding滑動。根據(jù)下文“thegreatdangerwasincreasing”可推知，那小塊土地面積在縮小，所以危險在增加。故選A項。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了救羊，他做了決定。A.call呼叫；B.promise承諾；C.decision決定；D.comment評論。根據(jù)上文“thegreatdangerwasincreasing”和“Inordertorescuethesheep”可知，情況緊迫，為了救羊，德懷德做出了營救決定。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們默默地下了命令，帕齊懷著堅定的決心，勇敢地試了試。A.wish祝愿；B.order命令；C.warning警告；D.suggestion建議。根據(jù)下文“andPatsy,withstrongdetermination,tookabravetry”可知，德懷德下了命令，帕齊開始行動。故選B項。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個充滿危險的時刻，因為水的真正深度仍然未知。A.danger危險；B.regret后悔；C.hope希望；D.fun樂趣。根據(jù)下文“asthetruedepthofthewaterremainedunknown”可知，不知道水的真正深度，所以是一個充滿危險的時刻。故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，帕齊天生的游泳能力和堅強的決心推動著她前進(jìn)。A.goals目標(biāo)；B.curiosity好奇心；C.ways方法；D.ability能力。根據(jù)上文“born”可知，帕齊有天生的游泳能力。故選D項。【33題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她毫不猶豫地冒著危險的洪水去幫助被困的羊。A.catch捕捉；B.feed喂養(yǎng)；C.reach為……提供幫助；D.stop停止。根據(jù)上文“Yet,Patsy’sbornswimmingandstrongdeterminationpushedherforward.Withouthesitation(猶豫),shebravedthedangerouswaters”可知，帕齊向被困的三只羊游去，去幫助它們。故選C項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：德懷德也很驚訝，他說：“我知道她游泳游得很好，否則我不會冒這個險。然而，我對她的勇氣和技巧感到驚訝。”。A.responsibility責(zé)任；B.amazement驚訝；C.confidence自信；D.awkwardness尷尬。根據(jù)下文“However,Iwasquitesurprisedbyhercourageandskill.”可知，德懷德對帕齊的勇氣和技巧感到吃驚。故選B項?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：德懷德也很驚訝，他說：“我知道她游泳游得很好，否則我不會冒這個險。然而，我對她的勇氣和技巧感到驚訝?！?。A.risk風(fēng)險；B.time時間；C.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；D.place地點。根據(jù)上文“Iknewshewasagoodswimmer,orIwouldn’ttakethe”可知，德懷德對帕齊的能力充滿信心，否則不會讓它去冒險。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)語法填空Acupuncture(針灸),anancientChinesemedicalpractice,hasbeenthetreatmentforlotsofpatientsforthousandsofyears.Beforemodernmedicine____36____(final)cametolife,ancientChineseusedstonetools____37____(reduce)pain.Overtime,thismethodhasturned____38____amedicalsystemandformedthebaseofacupuncture.Asatreatment____39____aimstobetterthebody’sself-recoveringfunctions,acupuncturestressestreatingasickpersonasawhole,balancingbodilyfunctions____40____improvingoverallphysicalwell-being.Practicescanbedifferentinforms,includingneedleinsertion(扎針),cuppingandrubbing.Needleinsertion,themostcommonmethod,iscarriedoutby____41____(put)hair-thinneedlesintomeridians(經(jīng)絡(luò)),orspecificpointsonthebody.LookingbeyondChina,acupuncturehasbecomeaglobaltreatment.Inthepast50years,acupuncture____42____(see)manydevelopmentsinscientificresearchandmodernmedicine.Itisnowapopulartreatmentfor____43____varietyofdiseases.Accordingtoa2019WHOreport,acupunctureisusedin113ofthe120membercountries,showing____44____(it)widespreadapplication.AsanancientChinesemedicalpractice,acupuncturehasarichhistoryandmuchcultural_____45_____(important).【答案】36.finally37.toreduce38.into39.that/which40.and41.putting42.hasseen43.a44.its45.importance【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了針灸的起源、實踐、治療原則以及在全球的廣泛得到應(yīng)用和認(rèn)可。【36題詳析】考查副詞。句意：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)最終出現(xiàn)之前，古代中國人使用石器來減輕疼痛。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用final的副詞finally作狀語，修飾動詞。故填finally。【37題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：同上。分析句子，句中構(gòu)成usesthtodosth的結(jié)構(gòu)。故填toreduce?！?8題詳析】考查介詞。句意：隨著時間的推移，這種方法已經(jīng)變成了一種醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)，并形成了針灸的基礎(chǔ)。分析句子，句中turninto為固定短語，意為“轉(zhuǎn)變，變?yōu)椤薄９侍頸nto。【39題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：作為一種旨在改善身體自我恢復(fù)功能的治療方法，針灸強調(diào)將病人作為一個整體來治療，平衡身體功能，提高整體身體健康。分析句子，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞treatment，為物。用that或者which。故填that或者which?！?0題詳析】考查連詞。句意：同上。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用連詞，將treating；balancing以及improving進(jìn)行連接，此處構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故填and。【41題詳析】考查非謂語動