河北省石家莊市辛集市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省石家莊市辛集市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共16小題;每小題2.5分，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共11小題:每小題2.5分,滿分27.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFouroftheWorld’sNaturalDisastersThefollowingfournaturaldisastersdestroyedcitiesandcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Byflood,typhoon,orearthquake,theseeventshavecollectivelytakenmillionsofhumanlives.YangtzeRiverFloodThemajorfloodof1931coveredtensofthousandsofsquaremiles,floodingricefieldsandmanycities,includingNanjingandWuhan.Thefloodaffectedmorethan50millionpeople.Governmentorganizations,includingtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,estimated(估計(jì))thatabout3.7millionpeoplediedinthisdisaster.TyphoonNinaTyphoonNinastruckHenanprovinceofChinainAugust1975.Thetyphooncausedaseriousdam(水壩)failure,andmorethan150,000peopleweredeadorinjured.Accordingtoreports,atleast26,000peoplediedinthefloods.About145,000peoplediedfromdiseasescausedbywaterpollutionandfamine(饑荒).Thenumberofpeopleaffectedbythedisasterwasmorethan10,000,000.KashmirEarthquakeOnOctober8,2005,adisastrousearthquakestrucktheKashmirregion.Theearthquakeregisteredamagnitudeof7.6,followedbymanyaftershocks,landslides,andfallingrocks.Theseriousnessofthedamageandthehighnumberofdeathswereworsenedbypoorconstruction(建筑)intheaffectedareas.InKashmiratleast79,000peoplewerekilled,andmorethan32,000buildingsbrokedown.HaitianEarthquakeAtthebeginningof2010,anearthquakehitHaiti.Theearthquakeregisteredamagnitudeof7.0andwasfollowedbyaftershocksthatregisteredmagnitudesof5.9and5.5.Anotheraftershockofmagnitude5.9struckonJanuary20.Therehasbeendebateaboutthetotalnumberofdeathscausedbythisearthquake,butestimatessuggestthatabout200,000-300,000peopledied.Hundredsofthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomes.21.Whichnaturaldisastercausedthemostdeaths?A.YangtzeRiverFlood. B.TyphoonNina.C.KashmirEarthquake. D.HaitianEarthquake.22.WhatmadethesituationinKashmirmoreserious?A.Theseriousaftershocks. B.Thediseasesafterearthquake.C.Thecontinuousfallingrocks. D.Thelowconstructionquality.23.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearthquakethathitHaiti?A.Ithadmanysecondarydisasters. B.Ithappenedinthehottestseason.C.Ithadadebatabledeathnumber. D.Ithappenedonlyonceandforall.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是世界上四次自然災(zāi)難的相關(guān)情況?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YangtzeRiverFlood部分中的“Governmentorganizations,includingtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,estimated(估計(jì))thatabout3.7millionpeoplediedinthisdisaster.(包括國家海洋和大氣管理局在內(nèi)的政府機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì)，約有370萬人在這場災(zāi)難中喪生。)”可知，在這次災(zāi)難中約有370萬人喪生；根據(jù)TyphoonNina部分中的“Accordingtoreports,atleast26,000peoplediedinthefloods.About145,000peoplediedfromdiseasescausedbywaterpollutionandfamine(饑荒).(據(jù)報(bào)道，至少有26000人死于洪水。大約145,000人死于水污染和饑荒引起的疾病。)”可知，這次洪水造成26,000人死亡，因水污染和饑荒造成死亡人數(shù)達(dá)到145,000人；根據(jù)KashmirEarthquake部分中的“InKashmiratleast79,000peoplewerekilled,andmorethan32,000buildingsbrokedown.(在克什米爾，至少有7.9萬人喪生，3.2萬多棟建筑倒塌。)”可知，在這次地震中喪生的人數(shù)有79,000人；根據(jù)HaitianEarthquake部分中的“Therehasbeendebateaboutthetotalnumberofdeathscausedbythisearthquake,butestimatessuggestthatabout200,000-300,000peopledied.(關(guān)于這次地震造成的死亡總?cè)藬?shù)一直存在爭議，但估計(jì)約有20萬至30萬人死亡。)”可知，在這次地震中喪生人數(shù)估計(jì)有20萬至30萬人，綜上信息可知，在以上四大自然災(zāi)難中，導(dǎo)致死亡人數(shù)最多的應(yīng)是長江洪水，造成了370萬人喪生。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KashmirEarthquake部分中的“Theseriousnessofthedamageandthehighnumberofdeathswereworsenedbypoorconstruction(建筑)intheaffectedareas.(受災(zāi)地區(qū)糟糕的建筑使得破壞的嚴(yán)重性和死亡人數(shù)更加惡化。)”可知，在受災(zāi)區(qū)域糟糕的建筑使得破壞的嚴(yán)重性以及死亡人數(shù)更加惡化，由此可知，糟糕的建筑是使得克什米爾的情況更加糟糕。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HaitianEarthquake部分中的“Therehasbeendebateaboutthetotalnumberofdeathscausedbythisearthquake,butestimatessuggestthatabout200,000-300,000peopledied.(關(guān)于這次地震造成的死亡總?cè)藬?shù)一直存在爭議，但估計(jì)約有20萬至30萬人死亡。)”可知，發(fā)生在海地的這次地震造成的死亡人數(shù)一直存在爭議，所以，在這次地震中我們了解到的是死亡人數(shù)有爭議。故選C項(xiàng)。BInthesportoftrackandfield,athletescompetenotonlywithoneanotherbutagainstthemselves,andineachracetheytrytoachievethenewpersonalbest.ForoneNebraskateenrunninginwhatwouldlikelytobehisfinalcross-countryoutingbeforegraduatingfromhighschool,hispersonalbestturnedoutnottobemarkingthefastesttimebutdisplayingthebiggestheart.AlthoughitwasalongshotwhenhecameoutfromthestartingpositionlastThursday,BrandonSchuttfromBellevueEastHighSchoolknewifhistimewasgoodenoughthatday,hestillhadthepotentialtoqualifyfortheupcomingstatemeet.Amileintothe3.1-milerace,however,Schuttrealizedhewasn’tgoingtobeabletokeepupthenecessarymomentum(勢頭).Ratherthanriskinginjury,heslowedtoacomfortablepacethatwouldallowhimtosimplygetpleasurefromthemomentandtheday.Meanwhile,BlakeCervenyfromOmahaBurkeHighSchoolwasrunningaverydifferentkindofrace.Aimingtobeathisownpersonalrecord,afterafaststart,hecontinuedtopushhimselfhard.Withlessthan400meterstogo,Cerveny’slegscrampedup(抽筋),buthedidn’tgiveup.Cervenyrosefromthegroundandcontinuedon,onlytofallagainafteranother150metersandagain.About100metersawayfromthefinishline,helaycurledontheground.Hislegshadsimplygivenout.BeforeCerveny’sdadcouldreachhisson,BrandonSchuttwasathissidetoofferahelpinghand.Thetwocompletedthefinalmetersofthecourse.Schuttevenmadesuretheinjuredrunnercrossedthefinishlinefirst,securinghisopponentafastertime.Intoday’scompetitiveworld,whiletheemphasisinathleticsissooftenonbreakingrecords,itisinspiringtoseeanathletelikeBrandonSchutt.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutSchuttatthebeginningoftherunning?A.Hewasconfidenttowinthefirstplace.B.Hewasnervousaboutthecominggraduation.C.Hewasclearabouthisownstrengthsandweaknesses.D.Hewasdissatisfiedwiththesurroundingthings.25.WhydidBrandonSchuttslowdownafteramile?A.Tohaveafinalpush. B.Toenjoythecompetition.C.TohelpBlakeCerveny. D.Toexaminehiswounds.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutBlakeCervenyintherace?A.Hewasapersonofdetermination.B.Hewasgeneroustohelpothers.C.Hedidn’tcrossthefinishline.D.Hewasaffectedbyhisphysicaldisability.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheLoveforSports. B.TheSportofTrackandField.C.TheImportanceofPerseverance. D.TheValueofTrueSportsmanship.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述的是內(nèi)布拉斯加州的一名青少年BrandonSchutt在最后一次參加高中的越野跑時，幫助在比賽中受傷的來自于奧馬哈伯克高中的BlakeCerveny跑完了最后幾米的故事，體現(xiàn)了真正的體育精神?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AlthoughitwasalongshotwhenhecameoutfromthestartingpositionlastThursday,BrandonSchuttfromBellevueEastHighSchoolknewifhistimewasgoodenoughthatday,hestillhadthepotentialtoqualifyfortheupcomingstatemeet.(上周四，來自BellevueEastHighSchool的BrandonSchutt從首發(fā)位置上出來時，雖然希望渺茫，但他知道，如果那天他的表現(xiàn)足夠好，他仍然有可能獲得即將到來的洲際錦標(biāo)賽的資格。)”可知，BrandonSchutt知道雖然機(jī)會渺茫，但是自己如果表現(xiàn)足夠好，仍然可以獲得參加將來的洲際錦標(biāo)賽的資格，由此可知，Schutt很清楚自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Amileintothe3.1-milerace,however,Schuttrealizedhewasn’tgoingtobeabletokeepupthenecessarymomentum(勢頭).Ratherthanriskinginjury,heslowedtoacomfortablepacethatwouldallowhimtosimplygetpleasurefromthemomentandtheday.(然而，在3.1英里的比賽進(jìn)行到1英里時，Schutt意識到他將無法保持必要的勢頭。與其冒著受傷的風(fēng)險，他放慢了節(jié)奏，讓自己從當(dāng)下和這一天中得到快樂。)”可知，在進(jìn)行到1英里的時候，Schutt意識到自己無法保持必要的勢頭，預(yù)期冒著受傷的風(fēng)險，不如享受當(dāng)下和這一天中得到快樂，由此可知，Schutt慢下來是為了享受比賽。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Aimingtobeathisownpersonalrecord,afterafaststart,hecontinuedtopushhimselfhard.Withlessthan400meterstogo,Cerveny’slegscrampedup(抽筋),buthedidn’tgiveup.Cervenyrosefromthegroundandcontinuedon,onlytofallagainafteranother150metersandagain.About100metersawayfromthefinishline,helaycurledontheground.(為了打破自己的個人紀(jì)錄，在快速起步后，他繼續(xù)努力。在距離終點(diǎn)不到400米的時候，Cerveny的腿抽筋了，但他沒有放棄。Cerveny從地面站起身，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，但又在150米后再次摔倒。距離終點(diǎn)線大約100米的地方，他蜷曲著躺在地上。)”可知，Cerveny為了打破自己的記錄，在距離終點(diǎn)不到400米的時候腿抽筋的情況下沒有放棄，繼續(xù)前行，又在150以后再次摔倒，仍堅(jiān)持到還剩大約100米的時候，蜷曲著躺在地上，由此可知，Cerveny是一個意志堅(jiān)定的人。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)尾段“Intoday’scompetitiveworld,whiletheemphasisinathleticsissooftenonbreakingrecords,itisinspiringtoseeanathletelikeBrandonSchutt.(在當(dāng)今競爭激烈的世界里，雖然體育運(yùn)動的重點(diǎn)經(jīng)常是打破記錄，但看到像BrandonSchutt這樣的運(yùn)動員還是令人鼓舞的。)”以及上文中講述的BrandonSchutt幫助自己在比賽過程中抽筋的競爭對手跑完最后幾米的故事可知，體育運(yùn)動的重點(diǎn)是打破紀(jì)錄，但是在比賽過程中幫助競爭對手的體育精神更令人鼓舞，由此可知，本文主要講述的是真正的體育精神的價值，所以題目“真正體育精神的價值”與本文的內(nèi)容吻合，且體現(xiàn)了本文講述的主題。故選D項(xiàng)。CYearsago,manyMexicangraywolveslivedintheUnitedStates.Inthe1800s,cattlefarmerswereworriedthatthesewolveswouldhuntandeattheirfarmanimals.Duringthe1800sand1900s,farmerskilledmanyofthesewolvestotrytoprotecttheiranimals.Thesewolvesalmostwentextinct.In1976,theU.S.governmentpassedtheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Thesewolveswerefinallyprotected!Andwithhelp,thespeciescontinuestosurvivetoday.TheWhiteMountainApacheTribe(部落)hasplayedanimportantroleinkeepingthisspeciesalive.TheyliveonalargeareaoflandinArizonacalledtheFortApacheIndianReservation.Thisareaisalsoawolfhabitat.KristaBeazleyisawolfbiologistontheFortApacheIndianReservation.ShetracksthemovementsofMexicangraywolvesthatliveontheland.Scientistshaveputspecialradiocollarsonwolves.Thesecollarssendoutbeepingsignals(蜂鳴信號)toaspecialhand-heldantenna(手持天線).BiologistslikeBeazleyusetheseantennastotrackthewolves.Shealsofollowstheirfootprintsanddroppings.Wolfdroppingstellbiologistswhatthewolfate,whereitspendsmuchofitstime,andifitissick.Beazleymakessurethewolvesarealiveandhealthy.ThenumberofMexicangraywolveslivingontheFortApacheIndianReservationisgrowing.Despitethisremarkableprogress,thespeciesisstillendangered.TheWhiteMountainApacheTribecontinuestotrytoprotectthesewolves.TheWhiteMountainApacheTribealsoworkstoprotectmanyotherrareplantandanimalspecies.Forexample,theysavedtheApachetroutfromextinctionbyclosingcertainareastofishingandbybuildingtrouthabitats.TheyalsoprotecthabitatsforanimalsliketheMexicanspottedowl.TheWhiteMountainApacheTribehasacloseconnectionwithallofnature.Tribemembersbelievehumansmusthonortheanimalsandnaturearoundthem.28.WhydidMexicangraywolvesalmostdieoutduringthe1800sand1900s?A.Theywereeatenbyfarmanimals. B.Theywerekilledbycattlefarmers.C.Governmentpassedlawstohuntthem. D.Theyhardlysurvivedintheextremeclimates.29.WhatwastheresultoftheEndangeredSpeciesActbeingpassed?A.TheMexicangraywolfwasprotected.B.TheMexicangraywolfdisappearedcompletely.C.TheWhiteMountainApacheTribesettledinArizona.D.TheFortApacheIndianReservationbecameawolfhabitat.30.WhatmaybestdescribeKristaBeazley?A.Kindandcourageous. B.Carefulandconfident.C.Hardworkingandcaring. D.Responsibleandhumorous.31.WhatdoweknowabouttheWhiteMountainApacheTribe?A.Theycareaboutanimalsandnaturearoundthem.B.Theyworkhardtobuildhabitatsforallanimals.C.TheiruniquetaskistoprotectMexicangraywolves.D.TheytrytokeepMexicangraywolvesfromincreasing.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了墨西哥灰狼過去和現(xiàn)在的情況?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Inthe1800s,cattlefarmerswereworriedthatthesewolveswouldhuntandeattheirfarmanimals.Duringthe1800sand1900s,farmerskilledmanyofthesewolvestotrytoprotecttheiranimals.Thesewolvesalmostwentextinct.(在19世紀(jì)，養(yǎng)牛戶擔(dān)心這些狼會獵殺并吃掉他們的牲畜。在19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)，農(nóng)民為了保護(hù)他們的動物，殺死了許多這種狼。這些狼幾乎滅絕了。)”可知，墨西哥灰狼在19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)幾乎滅絕他們被養(yǎng)牛的農(nóng)民殺死了。故選B?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“In1976,theU.S.governmentpassedtheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Thesewolveswerefinallyprotected!Andwithhelp,thespeciescontinuestosurvivetoday.(1976年，美國政府通過了《瀕危物種法案》。這些狼終于得到了保護(hù)！在人們的幫助下，這個物種得以延續(xù)至今。)”可知，《瀕危物種法》通過的結(jié)果是墨西哥灰狼受到了保護(hù)。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第四段“KristaBeazleyisawolfbiologistontheFortApacheIndianReservation.ShetracksthemovementsofMexicangraywolvesthatliveontheland.Scientistshaveputspecialradiocollarsonwolves.Thesecollarssendoutbeepingsignals(蜂鳴信號)toaspecialhand-heldantenna(手持天線).BiologistslikeBeazleyusetheseantennastotrackthewolves.Shealsofollowstheirfootprintsanddroppings.Wolfdroppingstellbiologistswhatthewolfate,whereitspendsmuchofitstime,andifitissick.Beazleymakessurethewolvesarealiveandhealthy.(克里斯塔·比茲利是阿帕奇堡印第安保留地的一名狼生物學(xué)家。她跟蹤生活在這片土地上的墨西哥灰狼的活動?？茖W(xué)家們給狼戴上了特殊的無線電項(xiàng)圈。這些項(xiàng)圈會向一個特殊的手持天線發(fā)出蜂鳴聲信號。像比茲利這樣的生物學(xué)家用這些天線來追蹤狼。她還會追蹤它們的腳印和糞便。狼的糞便告訴生物學(xué)家狼吃什么，在哪里度過大部分時間，如果它生病了。比茲利要確保狼群活得健康。)”可知，克里斯塔·比茲利即勤奮又細(xì)心。故選C。【31題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Tribemembersbelievehumansmusthonortheanimalsandnaturearoundthem.(部落成員認(rèn)為人類必須尊重周圍的動物和自然。)”可知，白山阿帕奇部落的人關(guān)心周圍的動物和大自然。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題海小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。In1972,UNESCOstartedaprogrammetoprotecttheworld'sculturalandnaturalheritage.____32____TheTaMahal(泰姬陵)inIndiaandtheImperialTombsoftheQingandMingDynastiesinChinaaretwoofthebestknownexamples.____33____Intheearly17thcentury,IndiawasruledbyanemperornamedShahJahanwhowasmarriedtoawomannamedMumtaz.Theemperorlovedhiswifesomuchthatwhenshedied,hebuilttheTajMahalinhermemory.Thebeautifulmausoleum(陵墓)wasdesignedtolooklikewhattheemperorhopedwouldbeMumtaz'shomeintheafterlife.Thecolourofthebuildingsappearstochangewiththelightofday.____34____Thecouple,therefore,nowresttogetherforever.____35____theImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesareamonumenttothemindandspirit.Visitorswhowalkamongthebuildingscanfeelboththeweightofhistoryandawonderfulsenseofpeace.WhatmakestheQingandMingTombsuniqueisthattheybringtogetherarchitectureandphilosophy.TheImperialTombsrepresentChineseculturalandhistoricalvaluesthathavebeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationforthousandsofyears.Humanlifelastsonlyashorttimebutartandculturelastforever,TheUNESCOWorldCulturalHeritageSitesprogrammeattemptstoprotectandpreservethebestofhumanhistory.MasterpiecessuchastheTaiMahalandtheImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesremindusofwhatwecanachieveatourfinest.____36____A.BuildingtheTajMahalwasalabouroflove.B.TheTajMahalisamasterpieceofarchitecture.C.ThekingwaslaterburiedimmediatelytoMumtaz.D.Theyalsoencourageustofollowourtraditionalcustoms.E.SupposingthattheTajMahalisacelebrationoftheheart.F.Meanwhile,theyinspireustoliveuptoourgreatpastinthefuture.G.Morethan800culturalsiteshavebeenaddedtotheWorldCulturalHeritageSiteListeversince.【答案】32.G33.A34.C35.E36.F【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。講述了1972年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織啟動了一項(xiàng)保護(hù)世界文化和自然遺產(chǎn)。以泰姬陵和明清兩代的皇陵為例，講述了它們的由來和對我們的啟示。【32題詳析】根據(jù)空前“In1972,UNESCOstartedaprogrammetoprotecttheworld'sculturalandnaturalheritage.(1972年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織啟動了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，以保護(hù)世界文化和自然遺產(chǎn)。)”空后“TheTaMahal(泰姬陵)inIndiaandtheImperialTombsoftheQingandMingDynastiesinChinaaretwoofthebestknownexamples.(印度的泰姬陵和明清兩代的皇陵是其中的最好的兩個例子。)”可知，空前提到了聯(lián)合國教科文組織啟動保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃，空后提出了泰姬陵和皇陵是其中的兩個例子，故G項(xiàng)“從那以后，800多個文化遺址被添加到世界文化遺產(chǎn)清單中。”符合，承接上文，并引出下文，且空后的“thebestknownexamples”指代本空的“Morethan800culturalsites”，故選G項(xiàng)。【33題詳析】根據(jù)空后“Intheearly17thcentury,IndiawasruledbyanemperornamedShahJahanwhowasmarriedtoawomannamedMumtaz.Theemperorlovedhiswifesomuchthatwhenshedied,hebuilttheTajMahalinhermemory.(17世紀(jì)初期，印度由一名叫的ShahJahan皇帝統(tǒng)治，他與一名叫Mumtaz的女子結(jié)婚?；实酆軔鬯钠拮?，所以當(dāng)她去世時，他修建了泰姬陵來紀(jì)念她。)”可知，空后講述了泰姬陵的由來，是因?yàn)榛实蹖λ拮拥膼?，故A項(xiàng)“泰姬陵的修建是因?yàn)閻?。”符合，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】根據(jù)空后“Thecouple,therefore,nowresttogetherforever.(因此，這對夫婦永遠(yuǎn)地安息在一起了。)”可知，C項(xiàng)“國王隨后也立即葬在了Mumtaz的身邊?！笔强涨暗捻樍x承接，國王葬在了妻子身邊，因此他們永遠(yuǎn)地安息在一起了，故選C項(xiàng)。【35題詳析】根據(jù)空后“theImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesareamonumenttothemindandspirit.(明清兩代的皇陵就是心靈和精神的豐碑。)”可知，空后提出了明清兩代的皇陵是心靈的寄托，故E項(xiàng)“如果泰姬陵是一場心靈的慶典?！狈?，此處分別說出了泰姬陵和明清兩代皇陵的意義，故選E項(xiàng)。【36題詳析】根據(jù)空前“MasterpiecessuchastheTaiMahalandtheImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesremindusofwhatwecanachieveatourfinest.(像泰姬陵和明清兩代的陵墓提醒著我們，我們可以做到最好。)”可知，空前提出了這些文化遺產(chǎn)警示著我們，讓我們努力做到最好，故F項(xiàng)“與此同時，它們又激勵著我們在未來不辜負(fù)我們偉大的過去?！狈?，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)與空前構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，像泰姬陵和明清兩代的陵墓不僅警示著我們做到最好，而且還激勵著我們不辜負(fù)過去，故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Somepolyglots,whocanspeakquiteafewlanguages,mayseemespeciallytalented.ZhaoYuanren,aChineseAmerican____37____couldspeaksevenlanguagesandmorethan30dialects.England’sQueenElizabethIcouldspeakabout10languages.AfamousItaliannamedGuiseppeMezzofantiwasreportedtohavebeenableto____38____in30to40languages.Polyglotsareindeed____39____,butAmericanteenagerTimDonerislivingproofthatanyonecantrytobeone.Asachild.TimstudiedFrenchandLatinatschool,buthefounditdifficulttobeinterestedinjustwordsandgrammarrules.Whenhewas13,Tim____40____listeningtoHebrewrapmusic.Oneday,he____41____thewordsinadictionaryandrealisedhecouldputthemtogethertomake____42____!HestartedlookingforpeoplewhospokeHebrewsohecould____43____,andthen,hedecidedtosignupforasummerArabicclass.Oneevening,justforfun,hepostedavideoofhimselfspeakingArabicandanotherofhimspeakingHebrew.HebrewandArabicspeakerswrotenice____44____onhisvideosandgavehimadvice.Timlovedit.Hecould____45____communicatewithpeople!Afterthat,Timstartedlookingfornewlanguagestolearn,andpostingmorevideosofhimselfspeakingnewlanguages,includingChinese.Timalsobegantousemanyothermethodstomakelearning_____46_____.Timwisheseveryonewouldlearnmorethanonelanguageandnotjustasaschoolsubject.“Knowingalanguageisalotmorethanknowingacoupleofwordsoutofa_____47_____,”Timsays.Languagesareforcommunicatingwithpeople,learningabouttheir_____48_____,andunderstandinghowdifferentpeoplethink.“Openupyourmindtothefactthatlanguage_____49_____aculturalworldview,”saysTim.“Youcantranslatewordseasily,_____50_____youcan’tquitetranslatemeaning.”O(jiān)r,asNelsonMandelasaid.“Ifyoutalktoamaninalanguagehe_____51_____,thatgoestohishead.Ifyoutalktohiminhislanguage,thatgoestohisheart.”37.A.learner B.native C.master D.linguist38.A.hear B.sing C.appreciate D.communicate39.A.equal B.satisfying C.amazing D.specific40.A.kept B.stopped C.started D.finished41.A.referredto B.madeup C.lookedfor D.lookedup42.A.songs B.texts C.sentences D.expressions43.A.exchange B.practise C.register D.design44.A.words B.phrases C.comments D.demands45.A.extremely B.officially C.obviously D.actually46.A.fun B.difficult C.boring D.happy47.A.card B.message C.language D.dictionary48.A.vocabulary B.grammar C.spirit D.culture49.A.finds B.presents C.translates D.represents50.A.so B.and C.but D.therefore51.A.regards B.likes C.describes D.understands【答案】37.D38.D39.C40.C41.D42.C43.B44.C45.D46.A47.D48.D49.D50.C51.D【語篇解讀】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了13歲的美國少年蒂姆·多納的多種語言的學(xué)習(xí)歷程和心得體會。【37題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：美籍華裔語言學(xué)家趙元任，能說七種語言和30多種方言。A.learner學(xué)習(xí)者；B.native土著，本地人；C.master大師;D.linguist語言學(xué)家、通曉數(shù)國語言的人。根據(jù)上文“Somepolyglots,whocanspeakquiteafewlanguages,mayseemespeciallytalented.(一些會說多種語言的多語人士可能看起來特別有天賦。)”中的polyglot，意為“通曉并使用多種語言的人”，以及“speaksevenlanguagesandmorethan30dialects.”可知，趙元任是美籍華裔語言學(xué)家。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，一位名叫吉塞普·梅佐凡蒂的著名意大利人能夠用30到40種語言進(jìn)行交流。A.hear聽；B.sing唱歌；C.appreciate欣賞;D.communicate交流。根據(jù)上文“Somepolyglots,whocanspeakquiteafewlanguages,mayseemespeciallytalented.(一些會說多種語言的多語人士可能看起來特別有天賦。)”可知，GuiseppeMezzofanti也是一個會用很多種語言進(jìn)行交流（communicate）的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：精通多種語言的確很了不起，但美國少年蒂姆·多納就是一個活生生的例子，證明任何人都可以嘗試成為一名精通多種語言的人。A.equal相等的；B.satisfying令人滿意的；C.amazing驚人的；D.specific具體的。根據(jù)上文“ZhaoYuanren,aChineseAmerican________,couldspeaksevenlanguagesandmorethan30dialects.England’sQueenElizabethIcouldspeakabout10languages.AfamousItaliannamedGuiseppeMezzofantiwasreportedtohavebeenableto________in30to40languages.(美籍華裔、通曉數(shù)國語言的趙元任會說7種語言和30多種方言。英國女王伊麗莎白一世會說大約10種語言。據(jù)報(bào)道，一位名叫吉塞普·梅佐凡蒂的著名意大利人能夠用30到40種語言進(jìn)行交流。)”可知，這些人精通如此多種語言，非常令人驚訝（amazing）。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂姆13歲的時候，開始聽希伯來說唱音樂。A.kept保持；B.stopped停止;C.started開始；D.finished完成。根據(jù)上文“Asachild,TimstudiedFrenchandLatinatschool,buthefounditdifficulttobeinterestedinjustwordsandgrammarrules.(蒂姆小時候在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)法語和拉丁語，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)僅僅對單詞和語法規(guī)則感興趣是很困難的。)”可知，蒂姆小時候?qū)W的是法語和拉丁語，而希伯來語沒有提及，下文“Oneday,he________thewordsinadictionaryandrealisedhecouldputthemtogethertomake________!(有一天，他在字典里……這些單詞，意識到他可以把它們組合成……！)”可知，蒂姆要通過字典學(xué)習(xí)單詞，故13歲時開始（started）接觸希伯來語，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：有一天，他在字典里查這些單詞，意識到他可以把它們組合成句子！A.referredto參考；B.madeup彌補(bǔ)；C.lookedfor尋找；D.lookedup查找。此處考查固定動詞短語lookupthewordsinadictionary，意為“在字典里查一下這些單詞”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，他在字典里查這些單詞，意識到他可以把它們組合成句子！A.songs歌曲；B.texts文本；D.sentences句子；D.expressions表達(dá)；此處表示可以把單詞組合在一起，編成句子（sentences），符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他開始尋找會說希伯來語的人，這樣他就可以練習(xí)了，然后，他決定報(bào)名參加一個暑期阿拉伯語班。A.exchange交換；B.practise實(shí)踐、練習(xí)；C.register注冊；D.design設(shè)計(jì)。本句中，蒂姆尋找說希伯來語的人，并報(bào)了一個班，目的是與他們用希伯來語交流，練（practise）希伯來語。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：說希伯來語和阿拉伯語的人給他的視頻寫了很好的評論，并給了他建議。A.words詞語；B.phrases短語；C.comments評論；D.demands要求。根據(jù)上文“Oneevening,justforfun,hepostedavideoofhimselfspeakingArabicandanotherofhimspeakingHebrew.(一天晚上，為了好玩，他發(fā)布了一段自己說阿拉伯語和另一段說希伯來語的視頻。)”和下文“Timlovedit.(蒂姆很喜歡)”可知，他的視頻得到了說希伯來語和阿拉伯語的人的點(diǎn)評（comments），給了他好的評論。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他真的可以與人交流！A.extremely極其；B.officially官方地；C.obviously明顯地；D.actually事實(shí)上。根據(jù)上文“Oneevening,justforfun,hepostedavideoofhimselfspeakingArabicandanotherofhimspeakingHebrew.HebrewandArabicspeakerswrotenice________onhisvideosandgavehimadvice.(一天晚上，只是為了好玩，他發(fā)布了一段自己說阿拉伯語的視頻，另一個說希伯來語的視頻。說希伯來語和阿拉伯語的人給他的視頻寫了很好的評論，并給了他建議。)”可知，蒂姆的希伯來語說得不錯，受到了說這個語言的人的好評，說明他學(xué)的希伯來語的程度，實(shí)際上（actually）已經(jīng)到了可以和說希伯來語的人進(jìn)行交流了的程度了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：蒂姆也開始使用許多其他方法使學(xué)習(xí)變得有趣。A.fun有趣的；B.difficult困難的；C.boring無聊的；D.happy快樂的。根據(jù)上文“Timlovedit.Hecould________communicatewithpeople!Afterthat,Timstartedlookingfornewlanguagestolearn,andpostingmorevideosofhimselfspeakingnewlanguages,includingChinese.(蒂姆很喜歡！他真的可以與人交流！從那以后，蒂姆開始尋找新的語言來學(xué)習(xí)，并發(fā)布了更多自己說新語言的視頻，包括中文。)”可知，在蒂姆看來，學(xué)習(xí)多種語言是件有趣的（fun）事情，他樂此不疲。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：懂一門語言比從字典里認(rèn)識幾個單詞要重要得多。A.card卡片；B.message消息；C.language語言；D.dictionary字典。根據(jù)上文“Oneday,he________thewordsinadictionaryandrealisedhecouldputthemtogethertomake________!(有一天，他在字典里查這些單詞，意識到他可以把它們組合成句子！)”可知，當(dāng)初蒂姆為了記單詞也翻過字典（dictionary），還發(fā)現(xiàn)單詞可以組合為句子。dictionary為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：語言是用來與人交流的，學(xué)習(xí)他們的文化，了解不同的人是如何思考的。A.vocabulary詞匯；B.grammar語法；C.spirit精神;D.culture文化。根據(jù)下文“Openupyourmindtothefactthatlanguage________aculturalworldview(打開你的思維，語言……一種文化世界觀)”可知，學(xué)一門語言，不僅僅是記單詞，cultural為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，語言與文化有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：打開你的思維，語言代表著一種文化世界觀。A.finds發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.presents呈現(xiàn)；C.translates翻譯；D.represents代表。根據(jù)上文“Languagesareforcommunicatingwithpeople,learningabouttheir________,andunderstandinghowdifferentpeoplethink.(語言是用來與人交流的，學(xué)習(xí)他們的文化，了解不同的人是如何思考的。)”可知，一種語言就是一種文化，代表著說這種語言的人的文化。represents符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查連詞和副詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以很容易地翻譯單詞，但你不能完全翻譯意義。A.so所以；B.and和；C.but但是；D.therefore因此。根據(jù)上文“Openupyourmindtothefactthatlanguage________aculturalworldview,(打開你的思維，語言代表著一種文化世界觀。)”可知，單詞容易翻譯，但是因?yàn)檎Z言與文化有關(guān)，真實(shí)的內(nèi)涵不一定能真正體會。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，but符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你用一個人聽得懂的語言和他說話，他就會記在腦子里。A.regards認(rèn)為；D.likes喜歡；C.describes描述；D.understands理解。根據(jù)下文“Ifyoutalktohiminhislanguage,thatgoestohisheart.(如果你用他的語言和他說話，你的話會進(jìn)入他的內(nèi)心。)”可知，你能用對方的母語跟他交流，那么你們可以深度交流，交流的內(nèi)容能走心，如果你用的語言只是對方聽得懂（understands）的語言，不是對方的母語，那么兩人的交流的深度就不如跟對方的母語交流那么深。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)將下列句子翻譯成漢語。(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)52.Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.（英譯漢）_______________________________________________________________________________【答案】從初中過渡到高中真是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)?！驹斘觥靠疾閯用~做主語金額時態(tài)。分析句子可知，本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschool“從初中過渡到高中”，is是系動詞，areallybigchallenge.“一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)”。故本句可譯為：從初中過渡到高中真是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。53.TheWinterOlympicGamesarenotjustanopportunityforathletestowinmedalsandhonourfortheircountries.(英譯漢)_______________________________________________________________________________【答案】冬季奧運(yùn)會不僅僅是運(yùn)動員為自己的國家贏得獎牌和榮譽(yù)的機(jī)會。【詳析】考查名詞和動詞不定式。TheWinterOlympicGames為句子主語，意為“冬季奧運(yùn)會”，are句子的謂語，與notjust共同翻譯為“不僅僅是”，anopportunity作表語，意為“一個機(jī)會”，athletes介詞for作賓語意為“運(yùn)動員”，也是不定式短語towinmedalsandhonourfortheircountries的邏輯主語，不定式短語作定語修飾名詞opportunity，其中的medals和honour作win的賓語，意為“為自己的國家贏得獎牌和榮譽(yù)的機(jī)會”，調(diào)整句子順序，該句應(yīng)譯為“冬季奧運(yùn)會不僅僅是運(yùn)動員為自己的國家贏得獎牌和榮譽(yù)的機(jī)會”。故翻譯為：冬季奧運(yùn)會不僅僅是運(yùn)動員為自己的國家贏得獎牌和榮譽(yù)的機(jī)會。54.Thatapphasbeendeletedfrommysmartphonealready.(英譯漢)_______________________________________________________________________________【答案】那個應(yīng)用已經(jīng)從我的智能手機(jī)上刪除了。【詳析】考查名詞和動詞。Thatapp為名詞作主語，意為“那個應(yīng)用”，hasbeendeleted為句子的謂語，使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，意為“已經(jīng)被刪除”，frommysmartphone為介詞短語，mysmartphone作介詞from的賓語，意為“從我的智能手機(jī)上”，already為副詞，意為“已經(jīng)”，調(diào)整語序，該句翻譯為“那個應(yīng)用已經(jīng)從我的智能手機(jī)上刪除了”。故翻譯為：那個應(yīng)用已經(jīng)從我的智能手機(jī)上刪除了。55.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.(英譯漢)_______________________________________________________________________________【答案】只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會與自然和諧相處時，我們才能停止對野生動物和地球的威脅。【詳析】考查部分倒裝和固定短語?！皁nly+狀語從句”從句置于句首時，主句進(jìn)行部分倒裝，情態(tài)動詞can提至主語之前，learntodosth.“學(xué)會做某事”，existinharmonywithnature“與自然和諧共處”，stopdoingsth.“停止做某事”，athreattowildlifeandtoourplanet“對野生動物和地球的威脅”。綜上故翻譯為：只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會與自然和諧相處時，我們才能停止對野生動物和地球的威脅。56.Youcanthenspendthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetotherainforest.（英譯漢）_______________________________________________________________________________【答案】在接下來的三天里，您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下，深入雨林進(jìn)行探索，欣賞雨林獨(dú)有的動植物。【詳析】考查動詞短語、形容詞和非謂語動詞。主語是you,謂語為canspend,非謂語exploring和enjoying并列；uniquetotherainforest雨林獨(dú)有的，作定語修飾名詞animals。結(jié)合句意，故答案為在接下來的三天里，您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下，深入雨林進(jìn)行探索，欣賞雨林獨(dú)有的動植物。第三節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。PopulartouristdestinationsincludetheZhongshanWalkingStreet,famousfor____57____(it)foodandshopping,andtheIslandRingRoad,____58____touristscancycleonthe43-kmbikepaththatrunsalongtheseaside.OtherfamoussitesaretheNanputuoTemple____59____theXiamenBotanicalGarden(植物園)____60____ismade